Effectiveness of Association Splitting in Reducing Unwanted Intrusive Thoughts in a Nonclinical Sample

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris C. Rodríguez-Martín ◽  
Steffen Moritz ◽  
Osana Molerio-Pérez ◽  
Patricia Gil-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Positive Effect

Background:Association Splitting (AS) is a novel cognitive technique, which has shown some promise for the reduction of obsessive thoughts in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Its effect on unwanted intrusive thoughts (UITs) in the general population is yet unknown.Method:Our experimental study tested the effect of AS in 49 participants who reported UITs as a regular problem. Participants were randomly allocated either to an AS versus waitlist control (WL) condition. The White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI) was used for measuring changes over time.Results:Significant group differences were found across time. Relative to WL, AS exerted a positive effect on the reduction of UITs yielding a large effect size. According to self-report AS exerted a positive effect 6 days after the participants had initiated the exercises. All subjects in the AS condition judged the technique as effectiveConclusion:Results suggest that AS could be a suitable intervention to help people with a potential vulnerability to a clinical problem to control their UITs.

A Comparative Psychometric Study of Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive Neurosis

1982 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Solyom ◽  
Richard J. Freeman ◽  
James E. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Psychometric Tests ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Number Of Authors

Similarities between anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder have been described by a number of authors but few empirical investigations have been reported. In the current study, 15 female anorexics were compared with 14 age-matched female obsessives on a variety of psychometric tests, psychiatrist's ratings and self-rating scales. Obsessives and anorexics obtained similarly high obsessive symptom and trait scores on the Leyton Obsessional Inventory (LOI). Both groups were rated by the psychiatrist as similarly obsessive, and there were no significant group differences in self-ratings of obsessive symptoms. Both groups were characterized by high levels of neuroticism and anxiety and low levels of extraversion. In the anorexic group the 6 abstainers had higher resistance scores on the LOI and higher extraversion scores on the MPI than the 9 bulimics. Findings are discussed with reference to the “sorcerer's apprentice” syndrome which appears to characterize both the obsessive and the anorexic.

Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory – Child Version (OCI-CV) in General Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tíscar Rodríguez-Jiménez ◽  
Antonio Godoy ◽  
José A. Piqueras ◽  
Aurora Gavino ◽  
Agustín E. Martínez-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
General Populations ◽  
Report Measure

Abstract. Evidence-based assessment is necessary as a first step for developing psychopathological studies and assessing the effectiveness of empirically validated treatments. There are several measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or symptomatology in children and adolescents, but all of them present some limitations. The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) by Foa and her colleagues has showed to be a good self-report measure to capture the dimensionality of OCD in adults and adolescents. The child version of the OCI (OCI-CV) was validated for clinical children and adolescents in 2010, showing excellent psychometric properties. The objective of this study was to examine the factor structure and invariance of the OCI-CV in the general population. Results showed a six-factor structure with one second-order factor, good consistency values, and invariance across region, age, and sex. The OCI-CV is an excellent inventory for assessing the dimensions of OCD symptomatology in general populations of children and adolescents. The invariance across sex and age warrants its utilization for research purposes.

EMDR as therapy for conditions other than PTSD: a systematic review.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Scelles ◽  
LUIS CARLO BULNES
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Research Criteria ◽  
Positive Effect

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a treatment for post-traumatic stressdisorder (PTSD). The technique is known to stimulate the capacity to reprocess maladaptive memoriesthat are thought to be central to this pathology. Here we investigate if EMDR therapy can be used in otherconditions than PTSD. We conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. Wesearched for published empirical findings on EMDR, excluding those centred on trauma and PTSD,published up to 2020. The results were classified by psychiatric categories.   Ninety articles met our research criteria. A positive effect was reported in addictions, somatoformdisorders, sexual dysfunction, eating disorder, disorders of adult personality, mood disorders, reaction tosevere stress, anxiety disorders, performance anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), pain,neurodegenerative disorders, paedopsychiatry and sleep. The evidence was more consistent in pain, OCD,mood disorders, and reaction to severe stress.EMDR’s efficiency across numerous pathological situations, highlighted the central role of affectivememory in several psychiatric and non-psychiatric conditions. Furthermore, EMDR seems to besuccessful in usually uncooperative (e.g. Dementia) or unproductive cases (e.g. aphasia). Moreover, insome severe medical situations were psychologic distress was an obstacle, EMDR allowed thecontinuation of treatment-as-usual. Our review suggests that it is a safe and economical therapeuticoption, and its effect in non-pathological situations opens new avenues for translational research. Overallmore methodologically rigorous studies are needed.

Assessing OCD Symptoms and Severity

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Dorfan ◽  
Sheila R. Woody
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews

This chapter describes methods and tools for assessing obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The chapter outlines the purposes of assessment and discusses special challenges presented by OCD, such as shame associated with socially unacceptable obsessional content. Several types of assessment tools are discussed, including structured diagnostic interviews, semistructured clinician interviews to assess OCD symptom profile and severity, self-report instruments, behavioral assessment and self-monitoring, assessment of appraisals and beliefs relevant to OCD, and functional impairment. The importance of linking assessment findings to an evidence-based treatment plan is discussed.

OCD

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Repetitive Behaviours ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

People with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) experience unpleasant and intrusive thoughts, images, doubts or urges (called obsessions) and repetitive behaviours (called compulsions). Compulsions are usually carried out as a way of reducing the distress caused by obsessions. OCD takes many different forms and causes distress and interference to day-to-day life. 

Initial Data on Recollections of Pathways to Inflated Responsibility Beliefs in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith E. Coles ◽  
Casey A. Schofield ◽  
Jacob A. Nota
Keyword(s):  
Initial Data ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inflated Responsibility ◽  
Maladaptive Beliefs

Background: Despite literature establishing a relationship between maladaptive beliefs and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), there are few studies addressing how these beliefs develop. Salkovskis and colleagues (1999) proposed specific domains of childhood experiences leading to heightened beliefs regarding responsibility. Prior studies in students and individuals who just completed treatment for OCD have found support for this theory. However, we are not aware of published data from individuals with current OCD. Aims: This paper presents initial data from adults currently meeting criteria for OCD as well as both anxious and non-anxious controls. Method: Recollections of childhood experiences, current OCD-related beliefs, and OCD symptoms were assessed using self-report measures in 39 individuals seeking treatment for OCD, 36 anxious controls and 39 healthy controls. Results: Initial data suggested that in individuals with OCD, increased reports of childhood exposure to overprotection and experiences where one's actions caused or influenced misfortune were associated with stronger OCD-related beliefs. Further, compared to community controls, individuals with OCD reported more childhood experiences where one's actions caused or influenced misfortune, though they did not differ from anxious controls in childhood responsibility experiences. Conclusions: These initial findings provide minimal support for the proposed model of the development of inflated responsibility beliefs, and highlight the need for research examining the etiology of OCD related beliefs with updated models, larger samples, and ultimately using prospective methods.

The Unified Protocol for Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

2017 ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Johanna Thompson-Hollands
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Transdiagnostic Treatment ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Unified Protocol

The case of a 25-year-old male with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is presented in this chapter. The patient, “Luke,” had primary obsessions related to harm befalling his family and girlfriend, as well as fears of contamination. His primary compulsions included mental “undoing,” in his words, and repeating actions. He engaged in significant avoidance around potential contaminants. The text reviews Luke’s course of treatment with the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP), including the application of each treatment module and attention to challenging issues that arose in this case. Specific attention is devoted to the use of cognitive reappraisal in the UP for OCD, managing symptom accommodation by family members, and exposure in the context of intrusive thoughts and mental rituals.

scholarly journals Genetic meta‐analysis of obsessive–compulsive disorder and self‐report compulsive symptoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk J. A. Smit ◽  
Danielle Cath ◽  
Nuno R. Zilhão ◽  
Hill F. Ip ◽  
Damiaan Denys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

scholarly journals Acceptance and efficacy of a metacognitive self-help intervention in an Arabic-speaking mixed patient sample with depression and/or obsessive–compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 204380871882068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Moritz ◽  
Schaimaa Irshaid ◽  
Annabel Beiner ◽  
Marit Hauschildt ◽  
Franziska Miegel
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Completion Rates ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Arabic Speaking

Objective: In Arabic-speaking countries, most individuals with depression or obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) do not seek or receive evidence-based treatment due to a dearth of facilities, shame/self-stigma, or religious concerns. The feasibility and effectiveness of “Western” psychotherapeutic concepts have rarely been evaluated for Arabic-speaking populations. The present study examined the efficacy of My Metacognitive Training (myMCT), a trans-therapeutic self-help manual, in a mixed sample of participants with depression and/or OCD. We considered both participants with depression and/or OCD because a number of cognitive biases and dysfunctional beliefs are shared by the two disorders. Method: The myMCT manual was translated into Arabic. A total of 160 individuals with either self-reported OCD and/or self-reported depression were recruited. Individuals were assessed at baseline and then randomized either to myMCT ( n = 84) or to a wait-list control condition ( n = 76). Six weeks later, individuals were invited to the post assessment. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) served here as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were the Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory–Revised (OCI-R) and the self-rating version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (OCD patients only). Individuals were reimbursed with a 17€ voucher. Results: Completion rates were similarly low in the two groups (myMCT: 37%, controls: 35%). Presumably because of the high rate of noncompletion and nonadherence (29%), the intention-to-treat analyses failed to yield a significant effect. Those who had at least started the myMCT intervention improved significantly on the BDI-II at a large effect size. A significantly larger improvement among those who had started or completed the myMCT intervention was also seen on the OCI-R at a large effect size. Conclusions: Individuals who studied the myMCT manual showed large improvement on the BDI-II, irrespective of their primary symptomatology. However, the results are seriously compromised by the low completion rates in both conditions. Importantly, evaluations using the same manual in other language populations (and with other background cultures) produced good to excellent retention rates. The study demonstrates that self-help manuals may not represent a suitable medium for large-scale dissemination of evidence-based self-help material in an Arab population and corroborates prior findings suggesting low adherence in this population. Whether smartphone apps and Internet interventions represent more viable alternatives than self-help manuals needs to be tested, as well as specific barriers preventing dissemination and completion in this population.

scholarly journals The Factorial Validity of the Norwegian Version of the Multicomponent Training Distress Scale (MTDS-N)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7603
Author(s):  
Cathrine Nyhus Hagum ◽  
Shaher A. I. Shalfawi
Keyword(s):  
Student Athletes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Level ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Factorial Validity ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Mimic Model ◽  
Scale Reliability ◽  
Norwegian Version ◽  
Distress Scale

Background: Athlete self-report measures (ASRM) are methods of athlete monitoring, which have gained considerable popularity in recent years. The Multicomponent Training Distress Scale (MTDS), consisting of 22 items, is a promising self-report measure to assess training distress among athletes. The present study aimed to investigate the factorial validity of the Norwegian version of MTDS (MTDS-N) among student-athletes (n = 632) attending the optional program subject “Top-Level Sports” in upper secondary schools in Norway. Methods: A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess the six-factor model proposed by Main and Grove (2009). McDonald’s omega (ω) along with confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate scale reliability. After examining the fit of the CFA model in the total sample, covariates were included to investigate group differences in latent variables of MTDS-N, resulting in the multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) model. Further, direct paths between the covariates and the factor indicators were included in an extended MIMIC model to investigate whether responses to items differed between groups, resulting in differential item functioning (DIF). Results: When modification indices (MIs) were taken into consideration, the alternative CFA model revealed that MTDS-N is an acceptable psychometric tool with a good fit index. The factors in MTDS-N all constituted high scale reliability with McDonald’s ω ranging from 0.725–0.862. The results indicated statistically significant group differences in factor scores for gender, type of sport, hours of training per week, school program, and school level. Further, results showed that DIF occurred in 13 of the MTDS-N items. However, after assessing the MIMIC model and the extended MIMIC model, the factor structure remained unchanged, and the model fit remained within acceptable values. The student-athletes’ reports of training distress were moderate. Conclusion: The MTDS-N was found to be suitable for use in a Norwegian population to assess student-athletes’ training distress in a reliable manner. The indications of group effects suggest that caution should be used if one is interested in making group comparisons when the MTDS-N is used among student-athletes in Norway until further research is conducted.

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