Reasons, Success Factors and Disadvantages of Research Collaboration

In recent years, the number of both co-authored publications and authors per publication in the national and international literature has increased. Co-authored publications are a result of voluntary research collaboration among academics. This study aims to investigate the reasons for research collaboration, the factors affecting the success of research collaboration, and the disadvantages of the collaboration perceived by researchers. For this purpose, qualitative research was conducted, and interviews were conducted with ten academics with different titles working in different disciplines. Among the reasons for collaboration, the most frequently reported reasons were increasing the quality of publications, ensuring learning and development, improving social relations, expertise, and access to resources. Factors such as being honest and trustworthy of the research partner, fulfilling the responsibilities of the parties, interpersonal harmony, complying with the business plan and calendar are among the factors considered to affect the success of the collaboration. Some of the perceived disadvantages of research collaboration are the low reliability of the contribution to multi-author studies, the division of academic achievement score by the number of authors, the difficulty of proving individual achievement in co-authored studies, and problems related to the research partner.

Post-Normal Times Laboratory

Nowadays, for science as a type of activity and a socio-cultural institution, the question of the boundaries of its own agency is extremely relevant. Various global challenges (energy, climate, pandemics, security, etc.) are in tune with the challenges for the very concept of science, for its norms and values. In a discussion article, V.N. Porus and V.A. Bazhanov discuss aspects of the political agency of post-normal science (J. Ravetz, S. Funtowicz) — a type of science that claims to go beyond normal science (T. Kuhn) as a process simple and definite solution of problems within the framework of the prevailing paradigms. This article discusses aspects of the political subjectivity of science in the language of locations, the most important of which is the laboratory, understood in broad socio-cultural and socio-epistemic aspects. With the involvement of historical and scientific (atomic-nuclear problem) and modern situational cases (COVID-19), the problems of the relationship between “scientific” and “political” in the location of the expanded laboratory are considered. In the extended laboratory, the situational realization of the political agency of science is carried out. It is emphasized that science has not yet acquired the status of an independent and full-fledged political agency, and the corresponding institutionalization. The political agency of science is specific and episodic. Loaded with complexity and uncertainty modernity is considered by a number of authors at the present time as a post-normal times. It is noted that in the light of the post-normal nature of modernity while striving for political subjectivity, science (at the level of a multitude of participating actors) should not change its “personal ontology” (responsibility for the truth), which is difficult to achieve without an appeal to the virtue of wisdom.

Evolution of Social Learning with Payoff and Content Bias

There has been much theoretical work aimed at understanding the evolution of social learning; and in most of it, individual and social learning are treated as distinct processes. A number of authors have argued that this approach is faulty because the same psychological mechanisms underpin social and individual learning. In previous work, we analyzed a simple model in which both individual and social learning are the result of a single learning process. Here, we extend this approach by showing how payoff and content biases evolve. We show that payoff bias leads to higher average fitness when environments are noisy and change rapidly. Content bias always evolves when the expected fitness benefits of alternative traits differ.

Development of motor abilities in girls with scoliosis of 1-2 degrees by means of recreational aerobics and therapeutic physical culture

In the specialized literature, you can find data from a number of authors indicating that children with scoliosis have a lag in the level of physical development and physical fitness. The article presents the results of a study indicating the positive effect of recreational aerobics and therapeutic physical culture on the development of motor abilities in primary school-age girls with 1-2-degree scoliosis. Key words: health, posture, scoliosis, aerobics, therapeutic physical education, development.

Assessment of the bioelectric activity of the masticatory muscles in orthopedic treatment with partial removable plate prostheses

Relevance. According to a number of authors, it is known that full adaptation to complete removable dentures occurs within 3 months [3–5, 9]. The main criterion for patients getting used to removable dentures is the synchronization of the work of the masticatory muscles and, as a consequence, the normalization of the chewing function.The aim of the study was to evaluate the bioelectrical activity of the masticatory muscles in patients using the CSPP.Materials and methods. In patients of the control (n = 23) and main (n = 63) groups, electromyographic examination was performed using the electroneuromyographic system "Synapsis" (Neurotechnology, Russia). Registration of the bioelectric activity of the chewing muscles was carried out directly on the day of applying the prostheses, after 1 and 3 months, respectively.Results and discussion. The electromyographic indices of the masticatory muscles in the patients of the control group decreased within one month after the treatment and amounted to 231 ± 18.2 μV for the right and 229 ± 16.1 μV for the left proper chewing muscles. The values were also reduced for the right and left temporal muscles – 228 ± 15.2 μV and 225 ± 24.1 μV (p < 0.05). It should be noted that the electromyographic parameters in patients of the main group were comparable to the lower limit of the norm and amounted to 269 ± 16.5 μV and 256 ± 20.4 μV, respectively, after one month of treatment.Conclusions. In the treatment of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint with the use of thermoplastic prostheses, an increase in the biopotentials of the masticatory muscles is observed. In the orthopedic treatment of patients with terminal dentition defects using thermoplastic prostheses, the electromyographic parameters of the masticatory muscles are most close to normal after 3 months of using these prostheses.

ONCE AGAIN ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF THE TOPONYM KAMCHATKA

There is extensive literature and a large number of hypotheses about the origin of the toponym, Kamchatka. These are analyzed in detail by the historian, B. P. Polevoy, in his work “New About the Discovery of Kamchatka”. This hypothesis has been criticized by a number of authors. We have analyzed publications on the development of Northeast Asia by Russia in the 17th century, associated with Kamchatka and archival documents of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA). We have published a new look about the forgotten hypothesis of A. N. Bondareva, about the Yakut roots of the toponym "Kamchatka" is published on the basis of the original documents of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (petition of the foreman Ivan Rubets, etc.) and an attempt is made to understand the etymology of the word Kamchatka, its connection with the Yakut word "khamcha" (in Yakut - a smoking pipe).

Was the COVID-19 Pandemic Associated with Gender Disparities in Authorship of Manuscripts Submitted to Clinical Neuropsychology Journals?

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated gender disparities in some academic disciplines. This study examined the association of the pandemic with gender authorship disparities in clinical neuropsychology (CN) journals. Method: Author bylines of 1,018 initial manuscript submissions to four major CN journals from March 15 through September 15 of both 2019 and 2020 were coded for binary gender. Additionally, authorship of 40 articles published on pandemic-related topics (COVID-19, teleneuropsychology) across nine CN journals were coded for binary gender. Results: Initial submissions to these four CN journals increased during the pandemic (+27.2%), with comparable increases in total number of authors coded as either women (+23.0%) or men (+25.4%). Neither the average percentage of women on manuscript bylines nor the proportion of women who were lead and/or corresponding authors differed significantly across time. Moreover, the representation of women as authors of pandemic-related articles did not differ from expected frequencies in the field. Conclusions: Findings suggest that representation of women as authors of peer-reviewed manuscript submissions to some CN journals did not change during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies might examine how risk and protective factors may have influenced individual differences in scientific productivity during the pandemic.

La storia assente: i limiti della Convenzione Europea del Paesaggio

The European Landscape Convention is an international treaty of great importance in the European institutional framework, but it contains a number of unclear and controversial points. This article investigates the relationship between the Convention and history, disclosing several critical aspects. In particular, it is worth mentioning that from the text of the Convention the term history/histoire is missing. The essay explores the reasons for this absence, in relation to a more general crisis of historical culture that affects the European nations. This crisis had already been foreseen by a number of authors, such as Jean-François Lyotard, Eric Hobsbawm, Claude Lévi-Strauss and François Hartog. In Italy, the most recent book by Adriano Prosperi (Un tempo senza storia, 2021) investigates the crisis of historical culture in contemporary societies, severely affecting schools and students’ educational programmes. The European Convention apparently shares this approach that constitutes a real threat to a proper knowledge of landscapes as repositories of collective memory and cultural heritage.

Проблема жанрової типології рецензій на термінологічні словники

The Issue of Genre Typology of Terminological Dictionary ReviewsThis article considers the terminological dictionary review as an integral genre that combines the features of scientific communication, language criticism, source studies, literary studies and publicism.As stressed, critical sub-discourse is a component of evaluative discourse, and reviews of scientific works are a typical manifestation of evaluative discourse and critical sub-discourse.A multidimensional genre typology of post-publication reviews of terminological dictionaries is developed on the basis of such features as: the number of authors; the specialities of reviewers; the type of a journal where the review is published; the scope of information in the review; the number of dictionaries under consideration; the type of specialist dictionaries under review; presence/absence of scientific discussion, i.e. presence/absence of a response to the review; the style of the text of the review; the time between the release of the dictionary and the publication of the review. Problem typologii gatunkowej recenzji słowników terminologicznychArtykuł definiuje recenzję słownika terminologicznego jako gatunek integralny, łączący w sobie cechy komunikacji naukowej, krytyki językowej, źródłoznawstwa, literaturoznawstwa i publicystyki.W tekście podkreśla się, że subdyskurs krytyczny jest elementem dyskursu ewaluacyjnego, a recenzja badań naukowych jest typowym przejawem dyskursu ewaluacyjnego i subdyskursu krytycznego.Omawia się wieloaspektową typologię recenzji popublikacyjnych słowników terminologicznych, uwzględniając elementy takie jak: liczba autorów; specjalizację recenzentów; typ czasopisma, w którym zamieszczono recenzję; zakres informacji zawartych w recenzji; liczbę omawianych słowników; typ recenzowanych słowników specjalistycznych; obecność/brak dyskusji naukowej, tzn. obecność/brak odpowiedzi na recenzję; styl tekstu recenzji; czas, jaki upłynął między publikacją słownika a pojawieniem się recenzji.

Authorship characteristics of retracted COVID-19 articles

Following the explosion of publications about COVID-19, some of these articles were retracted. These articles are potentially dangerous to public health as they can mislead about the nature of the virus. The growth and sensitive nature of retracted papers led to bibliometrics studies on them, although few, which focused more on the level of documents. This study, instead, examines the characteristics of the authors of these articles. 54 retracted COVID-19 articles that fit our study’s criteria were identified. The results revealed that 32% of these authors were MD, and about one-fifth of them had a past history of publishing retracted articles. The average number of authors per article was 6. Also, according to their profile in the Scopus, the mean number of documents, citations and their H-index were 61, 3159 and 12, respectively. Women also appeared in one-third of the articles as first and last authors. Continued research about retracted COVID-19 articles can continue to help prevent the further dissemination of questionable research findings.