Effects of a Brief Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioural Group Therapy on Disorder Specific Symptoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafrún Kristjánsdóttir ◽  
Baldur Heiðar Sigurðsson ◽  
Paul Salkovskis ◽  
Engilbert Sigurðsson ◽  
Magnús Blöndahl Sighvatsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Common Mental Health Problems ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Group Therapies

Background:In recent years, cognitive behavioural group therapies (CBGT) have been increasingly deployed as a strategy to increase the efficiency and cost-effectiveness in treatment of common mental health problems. The vast majority of these therapies are disorder specific, but in the last few years there has been growing interest in transdiagnostic CBGT.Aims:The aim of this study was twofold: to evaluate the treatment effects of transdiagnostic CBGT on disorder specific symptoms and what (if any) differences would be observed in the treatment effects with regard to general as opposed to disorder specific symptoms measured pre- and post-treatment.Method:The participants were 233 adult patients diagnosed with depression and/or anxiety disorders. They underwent a 6-week transdiagnostic CBGT. To compare treatment effects on general and disorder specific symptoms, raw scores on all measures were converted to standardized scores.Results:Pre–post differences were significant and there was no evidence that treatment was differentially effective for general and disorder specific symptoms. Effect sizes ranged from medium to large.Conclusion:The 6-week transdiagnostic CBGT is feasible for a wide range of mood and anxiety disorders. The results indicate that low-intensity transdiagnostic group therapies may have similar effects on both general and disorder specific symptoms.

Individual Therapy Attrition Rates in a Low-Intensity Service: A Comparison of Cognitive Behavioural and Person-Centred Therapies and the Impact of Deprivation

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karra Grant ◽  
Elizabeth McMeekin ◽  
Ruth Jamieson ◽  
Alexandra Fairfull ◽  
Chris Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Attrition Rates ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Common Mental Health Problems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Deprived Areas

Background: This paper looks at attrition in relation to deprivation and type of therapy – CBT or person-centred counselling. Method: Case notes of all those referred in a 4-month period (n = 497) were assessed for those who failed to opt-in; those who opted-in but failed to attend first appointment and those who attended first appointment but subsequently dropped-out. Results: Significant numbers failed to opt-in, attend first appointment or dropped out during therapy. There were no differences between CBT and PCT. Those from the most deprived areas were less likely to opt-in. Conclusions: We need to develop better approaches to attracting and maintaining contact with individuals complaining of common mental health problems.

scholarly journals Affective bias through the lens of Signal Detection Theory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon M Locke ◽  
Oliver Joe Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Signal Detection Theory ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Decision Criterion ◽  
Detection Theory ◽  
Prior Probabilities ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Affective Bias

Affective bias - a propensity to focus on negative information at the expense of positive information - is a core feature of many mental health problems. However, it can be caused by wide range of possible underlying cognitive mechanisms. Here we illustrate this by focusing on one particular behavioural signature of affective bias - increased tendency of anxious/depressed individuals to predict lower rewards - in the context of the Signal Detection Theory (SDT) modelling framework. Specifically, we apply this framework to a tone-discrimination task (Aylward et al., 2019a), and argue that the same behavioural signature (differential placement of the 'decision criterion' between healthy controls and individuals with mood/anxiety disorders) might be driven by multiple SDT processes. Building on this theoretical foundation, we propose five experiments to test five hypothetical sources of this affective bias: beliefs about prior probabilities, beliefs about performance, subjective value of reward, learning differences, and need for accuracy differences. We argue that greater precision about the mechanisms driving affective bias may eventually enable us to better understand and treat mood and anxiety disorders.

scholarly journals Economic evaluation of a complex intervention (Engager) for prisoners with common mental health problems, near to and after release: a cost-utility and cost-consequences analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Maree Hunter ◽  
Rob Anderson ◽  
Tim Kirkpatrick ◽  
Charlotte Lennox ◽  
Fiona Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Common Mental Health Problems ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background People in prison experience a range of physical and mental health problems. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of prison-based interventions presents a number of methodological challenges. We present a case study of an economic evaluation of a prison-based intervention (“Engager”) to address common mental health problems. Methods Two hundred and eighty people were recruited from prisons in England and randomised to Engager plus usual care or usual care. Participants were followed up for 12 months following release from prison. The primary analysis is the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained of Engager compared to usual care from a National Health Service (NHS) perspective with QALYs calculated using the CORE 6 Dimension. A cost-consequences analysis evaluated cross-sectoral costs and a range of outcomes. Results From an NHS perspective, Engager cost an additional £2737 per participant (95% of iterations between £1029 and £4718) with a mean QALY difference of − 0.014 (95% of iterations between − 0.045 and 0.017). For the cost-consequences, there was evidence of improved access to substance misuse services 12 months post-release (odds ratio 2.244, 95% confidence Interval 1.304–3.861). Conclusion Engager provides a rare example of a cost-utility analysis conducted in prisons and the community using patient-completed measures. Although the results from this trial show no evidence that Engager is cost-effective, the results of the cost-consequences analysis suggest that follow-up beyond 12 months post-release using routine data may provide additional insights into the effectiveness of the intervention and the importance of including a wide range of costs and outcomes in prison-based economic evaluations. Trial registration (ISRCTN11707331).

Transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT): case reports from Saudi Arabia

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousra Alatiq
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Preliminary Finding ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractTransdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) focuses on the processes shared across disorders and can be applied to a wide range of mental health problems or comorbid conditions. The transdiagnostic approach provides the potential opportunity to improve access to CBT, particularly in countries such as Saudi Arabia, where the number of well-trained therapists is limited. This study aims to examine the feasibility and potential benefit of transdiagnostic CBT for Saudi patients. Case reports describe the outcome of transdiagnostic CBT for four female patients who presented a wide range of symptoms and conditions without conducting any specific diagnostic assessments. The results support the positive effect of this treatment method on depression, anxiety symptoms, and general functioning. Patient feedback and observable improvements also supported these outcomes. However, the results are limited by the small sample size and simple study design. Transdiagnostic CBT is a feasible treatment approach for patients in Saudi Arabia. However, to confirm this preliminary finding, more studies are required.

COMPUTERIZED COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Kaltenthaler ◽  
Glenys Parry ◽  
Catherine Beverley
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Common Mental Health Problems ◽  
Potential Benefits

Depression, anxiety disorders and phobias are common mental health problems associated with considerable occupational and interpersonal impairment. Although there is substantial evidence to support the use of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in the treatment of these disorders, access is limited. Computerized cognitive behaviour therapy (CCBT) is one of a variety of aids to self-management that offer patients the potential benefits of CBT with less therapist involvement than therapist led CBT (TCBT). In this systematic review of the efficacy of CCBT, 16 studies were identified. Of these 11 were RCTS and the remaining 5 were pilot or cohort studies. The quality of studies ranged from poor to moderate (although the criteria used precluded the highest rating). In the studies comparing CCBT with TCBT, five studies showed CCBT have equivalent outcomes to TCBT. One study of depressed inpatients found TCBT to be significantly more effective than CCBT. Four studies found CCBT to be more effective than treatment as usual (TAU). Two studies found CCBT to be no more effective than TAU. Two studies compared CCBT with bibliotherapy. Of these, one study found CCBT to be as effective as bibliotherapy and one found bibliotherapy to be significantly more effective than CCBT on some outcome measures. Although the results of this review are not conclusive, CCBT is potentially useful in the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression and phobias. From the results of this review, we make three recommendations to improve the quality of research in this field, and suggest four areas requiring further research.

scholarly journals Involvement of psychology as a science in teaching by reducing anxiety in students and teachers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Leutanu ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Learning Disorder ◽  
School Anxiety ◽  
Common Mental Health Problems ◽  
And Performance

Psychology as a science investigates the most common mental health problems during childhood and adolescence, including anxiety disorders. When the child begins to doubt his abilities in a subject, anxiety can become a factor that prevents him from learning or reproducing the acquired knowledge. Sometimes this can be confused with a learning disorder when it comes to just anxiety. Left untreated, anxiety disorders can affect both students' ability to study and personal relationships. In severe cases, anxiety disorders can make it difficult to go to school. Anxiety is the first intrinsic answer to the requirement of functioning and performance in conditions at least different from the conditions in which we formed our usual techniques.

scholarly journals Integrating motivational interviewing with cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders, depression and co-morbid unhealthy lifestyle behaviours: a randomised controlled pilot trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ata Ghaderi ◽  
Ingvar Rosendahl ◽  
Benjamin Bohman
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background: A substantial proportion of patients receiving cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) do not achieve remission, and drop-out is considerable. Motivational interviewing (MI) may influence non-response and drop-out. Previous research shows that MI as a pre-treatment to CBT produces moderate effects compared with CBT alone. Studies integrating MI with CBT (MI-CBT) are scarce. Aims: To test the feasibility of MI-CBT in terms of therapist competence in MI and various participant measures, including recruitment and retention. In addition, separate preliminary evaluations were conducted, exploring the effects of CBT alone for anxiety disorders and depression, and of MI-CBT for anxiety disorders, depression and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours. Method: Using a randomised controlled parallel trial design, participants were recruited in routine psychiatric care and allocated to CBT alone or MI-CBT. Means in feasibility measures and within-condition Hedges’ g effect sizes in treatment outcome measures were calculated. Authors were not blind to treatment allocation, while independent raters were blind. Results: Seventy-three patients were assessed for eligibility, and 49 were included. Participant perceptions of treatment credibility, expectancy for improvement, and working alliance were similar for both conditions. Overall, effect sizes were large across outcome measures for both conditions, including anxiety and depressive symptoms and functional impairment. However, therapists did not acquire sufficient competence in MI and the drop-out rate was high. Conclusions: MI-CBT proved feasible in some respects, but the present study did not support the progression to a randomised controlled trial designed to assess the effectiveness of MI-CBT. Additional pilot studies are needed.

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