Cognitive appraisals of dissociation in psychosis: a new brief measure

Abstract Background: Catastrophic cognitive appraisals, similar to those in anxiety disorders, are implicated in depersonalisation, a form of dissociation. No scales exist to measure appraisals of dissociative experiences. Dissociation is common in psychosis. Misinterpretations of dissociative experiences may maintain psychotic symptoms. Therefore, assessing appraisals in this context may be valuable. Aims: The primary aim was to develop a measure of key appraisals of dissociation in psychosis. Secondary aims were to test the relationship between appraisals and psychotic experiences (paranoia and hallucinations), and determine whether appraisals explain additional variance in psychotic symptoms above dissociative symptoms. Method: Fifty items were generated from transcripts of interviews with patients. The measure was developed and psychometrically validated via factor analysis of data from 9902 general population participants and 1026 patients with psychosis. Convergent validity, test–re-test reliability, and internal reliability were assessed. Regression analyses tested relationships with psychotic symptoms. Results: A 13-item single-factor measure was developed. Factor analysis indicated good model fit [χ2(65) = 247.173, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.960, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.052]. The scale had good convergent validity with a rumination (non-clinical: r = 0.71; clinical: r = 0.73) and dissociation measure (r = 0.81; r = 0.80), high internal consistency (α = 0.93; α = 0.93), and excellent 1-week test–re-test reliability [intraclass correlation (ICC) = 0.90]. It explained variance in psychotic symptoms (paranoia: 36.4%; hallucinations: 35.0%), including additional variance compared with dissociation alone (paranoia: 5.3%; hallucinations: 2.3%). Conclusions: The Cognitive Appraisals of Dissociation in Psychosis (CAD-P) measure is a psychometrically robust scale identifying appraisals of dissociative experiences in psychosis and is associated with the presence of psychotic experiences. It is likely to prove useful for clinical assessment and research.

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Development and initial validation of the Subjective Academic Wellbeing Measure: A new tool of youth wellbeing in school

Journal of Positive School Psychology ◽

10.47602/jpsp.v6i1.251 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 3-11

Author(s):

Gökmen Arslan ◽

Murat Yıldırım ◽

Silvia Majercakova Albertova

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

School Context ◽

Measurement Model ◽

Academic Functioning ◽

Self Report ◽

Future Research ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Gender Groups

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the preliminary development and validation of the Subjective Academic Wellbeing Measure (SAWM), which is a six-item self-report rating measure intended for use as a screening tool to assess the positive academic functioning of young people within the elementary and high school context. Exploratory factor analysis was performed with Sample 1 (N= 161), indicating that the SAWM was characterized by a unidimensional measurement model and had strong factor loadings. Results from confirmatory factor analysis, which was carried out with Sample 2 (N= 199), confirmed the measurement model by yielding good data-model fit statistics that were characterized by strong latent construct and internal reliability estimates. Further analyses showed that the scale had good convergent validity considering scores from several self-reported scales of student mental health problems and positive school functioning. Further analyses also showed that configural, metric, and scalar measurement invariance were observed across gender groups. These results provide initial evidence suggesting that the SAWM is a reliable and valid measure that can be used to assess the positive academic functioning of students within the school context. Implications are discussed, and some suggestions are provided for future research and practice

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The development and initial validation of the Chinese Significant Wish Fulfillment Scale

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610210001341 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 442-449

Author(s):

Amy Y. M. Chow ◽

Meetim Chow ◽

Catherine K. P. Wan ◽

Katherine K. L. Wong ◽

Rita W. T. Cheung

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Wish Fulfillment ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Development And Validation ◽

Depth Interviews

ABSTRACTBackground: This paper reports the development and validation of the Chinese Significant Wish Fulfillment Scale (CSWFS), a new multidimensional scale for assessing the perceived importance and level of fulfillment of wishes of older adults.Methods: Three studies were involved. Study 1 developed a 26-item pool on wish fulfillment through in-depth interviews with 22 older adults. Study 2 reduced the pool to 23 items through validation with a new sample of 315 older adults and examined the internal reliability. Study 3 involved a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and examined the test-retest reliability and the convergent validity of the scale with the construct of regret.Results: A five-factor structure model of 23 items was identified through exploratory factor analysis, which accounted for 51.67% of variance. As informed by the CFA in Study 3, a five-factor 22-item model was the best fit. Internal reliability and test-retest reliability was found to be good. Convergent validity was examined through correlation with the construct of future regret. The correlation, though statistically significant, was small.Conclusion: CSWFS demonstrates good psychometric properties, but the construct might be slightly different from that of future regrets. Probably, CSWFS addresses a construct that is under-explored but is of importance to older adults and especially to the Chinese community.

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MP08: A novel measure to capture transactional stress in paramedic services

CJEM ◽

10.1017/cem.2018.162 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (S1) ◽

pp. S43-S43

Author(s):

M. Davis ◽

E. A. Donnelly ◽

P. Bradford ◽

C. Hedges ◽

D. Socha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Critical Incident ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Online Survey ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Well Being ◽

Stress Reactions ◽

Oblique Rotation ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Introduction: In the past few years, there has been an increase in awareness of the challenge of managing work related stress in EMS. Extant research has liked different types of chronic and critical incident stress to stress reactions like posttraumatic stress. However, there is no tool to capture the transactional stresses which are associated with the day to day provision of service (e.g., dealing with offload delays or mandatory overtime) and interacting with allied professions (e.g., emergency department staff) or allied agencies (e.g., law enforcement). The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a measure which captured transactional stresses in paramedics Methods: An online survey was conducted with ten Canadian Paramedic Services with a 40.5% response rate (n= 717). Factor analysis was used to identify variation in responses related to the latent factor of transactional stress. The scale was validated using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results: The sample of transactional stress questions was split to allow for multiple analyses (EFA n=360/ CFA n=357). In the exploratory factor analysis, principal axis factoring with an oblique rotation revealed a two-factor, twelve item solution, (KMO=.832, x2=1440.19, df=66, p<.001). Confirmatory factor analysis also endorsed a two factor, 12 item solution, (x2 =130.39, df=51, p<.001, CFI=.95, TLI= .93, RMSEA= .07, SRMR= .06). Results supported two groups of six-item factors that captured transactional stress in the provision of service. The factors, clearly aligned with transactional stress issues internal to the ambulance and transactional stress relationships external to the ambulance. Both subscales demonstrated good internal reliability (= .843/ =.768) and were correlated (p.01) with a convergent validity measure. Conclusion: This study successfully validated a two-factor scale which captures stress associated with the day to day provision of EMS and the interaction with allied professions. The development of this measure of transactional stresses further expands the potential that paramedics, Paramedic Services, employers, and prehospital physicians may understand the dynamics that influence provider health and safety. As a result, there may be greater opportunities to intervene holistically to improve paramedic health and well-being.

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Psychometric Properties of the Czech Version of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International in Patients with Early-Stage Dementia

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra ◽

10.1159/000501676 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 319-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Helena Kisvetrová ◽

David Školoudík ◽

Roman Herzig ◽

Kateřina Langová ◽

Petra Kurková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Fear Of Falling ◽

Early Stage ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Good Reliability ◽

People With Dementia

Introduction: A fear of falling marks an important psychological factor connected with a reduction in the life space of people with dementia. The Czech version of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) has not been validated in patients with early-stage dementia. Methods: The tests were administered to 282 patients with early-stage dementia. The test battery included the following: the FES-I, the Short Physical Performance Battery, the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Bristol Activity Daily Living Scale, and the Quality of Life-Alzheimer’s Disease Scale. Internal reliability (Cronbach’s α and intraclass correlation [ICC]), Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlations, exploratory factor analysis, and a t test for independent samples were used for statistical analyses. Results: The Czech version of the FES-I had excellent internal and test-retest reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.98, ICC = 0.90; 95% CI 0.82–0.94). Factor analysis suggested 2 relevant factors. A significantly higher FES-I score was associated with patients with early-stage dementia who were older (p = 0.003) or female (p = 0.001), lived alone (p = 0.0001), spent >8 h a day alone (p = 0.032), used mobility aids (p < 0.0001), or had severe hearing (p = 0.004) or vision impairment (p < 0.0001) or a lower education (r = –0.16, p = 0.007). Conclusion: The Czech version of the FES-I had very good reliability and validity and may be useful in future cross-cultural comparisons in research among patients with early-stage dementia.

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The Quality of Life Scale for Children (QoL-C)

Journal of Children s Services ◽

10.1108/jcs-05-2013-0019 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 4-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hannah L. Thompson ◽

Marie-Claire Reville ◽

Anna Price ◽

Laura Reynolds ◽

Lauren Rodgers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Test Reliability ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Content Type ◽

Quality Of Life Scale ◽

Life Scale ◽

One To One

Purpose – There is a lack of valid and reliable generic measures of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) for children under eight. The purpose of this paper is to assess the psychometric properties of the newly formulated Quality of Life Scale for Children (QoL-C), which uses a pictorial response format. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 335 primary school children completed the QoL-C on two occasions, two weeks apart. Children aged four to seven were interviewed one-to-one while children aged eight to nine completed the measure as a class activity. Test-re-test reliability, convergent validity and child-parent concordance were assessed. Findings – Only one child refused to complete the QoL-C, which suggests the measure is user-friendly. Test-re-test reliability was moderate for the measure's total score (intraclass correlation coefficient =0.48, 95 percent CI 0.39, 0.57) but low to fair for individual items (K from 0.13 to 0.37). Internal consistency was moderate (α=0.42 time one, 0.53 time two). A small significant correlation was found between the QoL-C and Child Health Meter in the expected direction (r=−0.32), suggesting convergent validity. There was low concordance between the children's QoL-C responses and parent's responses (r=0.19) to a parallel measure. Research limitations/implications – The results suggest that further development of this measure is needed. However, the findings indicate that one-to-one support increases the reliability of very young children's responses. The use of pictures, emoticons and minimal text used in the QoL-C should be investigated further. Originality/value – Low parent-child concordance underscores the importance of younger children getting the opportunity to share their views about their HRQoL.

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Development and validation of a patient-reported measure of compassion in healthcare: the Sinclair Compassion Questionnaire (SCQ)

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045988 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e045988

Author(s):

Shane Sinclair ◽

Thomas F Hack ◽

Cara C MacInnis ◽

Priya Jaggi ◽

Harrison Boss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Acute Care ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Well Being ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Term Care ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale

ObjectivesCompassion is a key indicator of quality care that is reportedly eroding from patients’ care experience. While the need to assess compassion is recognised, valid and reliable measures are lacking. This study developed and validated a clinically informed, psychometrically rigorous, patient-reported compassion measure.DesignData were collected from participants living with life-limiting illnesses over two study phases across four care settings (acute care, hospice, long term care (LTC) and homecare). In phase 1, data were analysed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), with the final items analysed via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in phase 2. The Schwartz Center Compassionate Care Scale (SCCCS), the revised Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS-r) and Picker Patient Experience Questionnaire (PPEQ) were also administered in phase 2 to assess convergent and divergent validity.Setting and participants633 participants were recruited over two study phases. In the EFA phase, a 54-item version of the measure was administered to 303 participants, with 330 participants being administered the final 15-item measure in the CFA phase.ResultsBoth EFA and CFA confirmed compassion as a single factor construct with factor loadings for the 15-item measure ranging from 0.76 to 0.86, with excellent test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient range: 0.74–0.89) and excellent internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.96). The measure was positively correlated with the SCCCS (r=0.75, p<0.001) and PPEQ (r=0.60, p<0.001). Participants reporting higher experiences of compassion had significantly greater well-being and lower depression on the ESAS-r. Patients in acute care and hospice reported significantly greater experiences of compassion than LTC residents.ConclusionsThere is strong initial psychometric evidence for the Sinclair Compassion Questionnaire (SCQ) as a valid and reliable patient-reported compassion measure. The SCQ provides healthcare providers, settings and administrators the means to routinely measure patients experiences of compassion, while providing researchers a robust measure to conduct high-quality research.

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Translation, Reliability Assessment, and Validation of the Persian Version of MedRisk Instrument for Measuring Patient Satisfaction With Physical Therapy Care (20-Item MRPS)

Journal of Modern Rehabilitation ◽

10.18502/jmr.v15i2.7730 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mahboobeh Abdolalizadeh ◽

Maryam Ghodrati ◽

Ahmad Saeedi ◽

Hossein Kamyab ◽

Ali Rezaie Rayeni Nejad

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Patient Satisfaction ◽

Physical Therapy ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Global Rating ◽

Floor Effect ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Persian Version

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the 20-item version of the MedRisk. Materials and Methods: In our study, we used a cross-sectional and prospective validation study design. This research was a test development study involving 297 outpatients with musculoskeletal disorders from the physiotherapy centers in Kerman City, Iran, in 2017. All patients completed the MedRisk instrument for measuring patient satisfaction with physical therapy care. Participants also answered a demographic questionnaire, visual analog score, and global rating of change. Internal consistency and reproducibility were investigated, too. To determine test-retest reliability, 40 randomly selected patients completed the MedRisk instrument again 5-7 days after their treatment. Factor analysis, divergent validity, convergent validity, and the floor and ceiling effects were tested, too. The Ethics Committee of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran, reviewed and approved this research project. The SPSS software-24 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Dimension of MedRisk demonstrated a high internal consistency (the Cronbach alpha=0.82). Reproducibility was also satisfactory (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.76). The standard error of measurement, minimal detectable changes, and coefficients of variation indices were respectively 0.63, 1.76, and 0.13 for the total score. In factor analysis, the 4-factor solution has emerged. The external validity testing revealed that the MedRisk instrument score correlated negatively with the visual analog scale (r=-0.18, P=0.002) and global rating of change (r=-0.19, P=0.001). Eighteen individual items of MedRisk were positively correlated with global satisfaction. The results showed that items 5 and 7 had a floor effect, and all other items except items 4, 5, and 7 had a ceiling effect. Conclusion: The Persian version of the MedRisk instrument is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring patient satisfaction with physical therapy and can be used in a clinical setting.

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Development and Validation of the Body Understanding Measure for Pregnancy Scale (BUMPs) and its Role in Antenatal Attachment

10.31234/osf.io/jv49r ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth Kirk ◽

Catherine Preston

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Body Satisfaction ◽

The Body ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Multiple Indicators ◽

Antenatal Attachment ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Development And Validation ◽

In Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a unique period in a woman’s life during which her body undergoes rapid and dramatic change. Many of these changes are in direct conflict to social ideals of female body appearance, such as increases in body size and weight. Existing research that has examined body satisfaction in pregnancy is limited by the use of measures that are not designed for pregnancy, yielding biased results. Two studies have attempted to develop measures for pregnancy but have used sub-optimal sample sizes and/or have not fully validated the measure with independent samples. We seek to address these limitations in the current study and report the development and validation of the newly developed Body Understanding Measure for Pregnancy scale (BUMPs) in 613 pregnant women across two independent samples. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors; satisfaction with appearing pregnant, weight gain concerns and physical burdens of pregnancy, which were confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis. Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) modelling indicated the scale is appropriate for women in all three trimesters of pregnancy. Evidence of internal reliability, test-retest reliability and convergent validity provide excellent psychometric support. We further demonstrated construct validity by supporting three hypotheses, finding that more positive body satisfaction in pregnancy was related to (a) better relationship quality (b) lower depression and anxiety (c) higher levels of interoception, specifically body listening and body trusting. Additionally, we present evidence that BUMPs is the strongest predictor of antenatal attachment compared with depression, anxiety, gestational age and relationship satisfaction.

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A Spanish adaptation of the Quality in Psychiatric Care—Inpatient (QPC-IP) instrument: Psychometric properties and factor structure

BMC Nursing ◽

10.1186/s12912-021-00710-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sara Sanchez-Balcells ◽

Maria-Teresa Lluch-Canut ◽

Marta Domínguez del Campo ◽

A. R. Moreno-Poyato ◽

M. Tomás-Jiménez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Psychiatric Care ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Temporal Stability ◽

Spanish Version ◽

Test Reliability ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Satisfaction Scale

Abstract Background and aim Western countries share an interest in evaluating and improving quality of care in the healthcare field. The aim was to develop and examine the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Spanish version of the Quality in Psychiatric Care–Inpatient (QPC-IP) instrument. Methods A psychometric study was conducted, translating the QPC-IPS instrument into Spanish, revision of the instrument by a panel of experts, and assessing its psychometric properties. 150 psychiatric inpatients completed the QPC-IP. Test-retest reliability was assessed by re-administering the questionnaire to 75 of these patients. Results After conducting pilot testing and a cognitive interview with 30 inpatients, it was determined that the QPC-IPS was adequate and could be self-administered. A Cronbach’s alpha of 0.94 was obtained for the full instrument and values of 0.52–0.89 for the various dimensions of the questionnaire. Test re test reliability: The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient for the full questionnaire was 0.69, while for the individual dimensions values between 0.62 and 0.74 were obtained, indicating acceptable temporal stability. Convergent validity was analysed using 10-point numerical satisfaction scale, giving a positive correlation (0.49). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed six factors consistent with the original scale. The Spanish version yielded adequate results in terms of validity and reliability. Conclusion Our findings provide evidence of the convergent validity, reliability, temporal stability and construct validity of the Spanish QPC-IP for measuring patient quality in psychiatric care in Spanish hospitals. Hospital administrators can use this tool to assess and identify areas for improvement to enhance quality in psychiatric care.

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Validating the Arabic Scale of Happiness among College Students

The Open Psychology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874350102114010046 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 46-52

Author(s):

Hamzeh M. Dodeen ◽

Brettjet L. Cody

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Satisfaction With Life ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Culturally Influenced

Background: Happiness is well known to have positive consequences not only on one person but also on society as a whole. For this reason, psychologists have become increasingly interested in positive psychology in general and in happiness in particular. This interest has been reflected in studying happiness and measuring it. Thus, questions raised lately about the best methods or producers and tools to accurately measure it. And, because happiness is a culturally influenced construct, the applicability of such tools needs to be verified across cultures. Objectives: The study aimed at assessing the reliability and validity of the Arab Scale of Happiness (ASH). The study was conducted on college students, and the analysis included testing of several statistical analyses such as the correlations between two tools for measuring happiness, namely, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWKS), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Methods: A total of 731 college students from a public university in UAE were recruited for the tests used in the study. The validation process of the ASH included assessing its factor structure using both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent validity, discriminant validity, and internal reliability of the scale were assessed and reported in addition to evaluating gender differences. Results: Results indicated that the ASH is unidimensional, with a dominant factor explained more than 50% of the variance. The internal reliability of the ASH was high (α= .93), and all items performed properly in measuring happiness. The scale has a good convergent validity as it is highly and positively correlated with OHQ and SWLS, and good discriminate validity as its highly and negatively correlated with BDI-II. Conclusion: The ASH is a reliable and valid scale for measuring happiness among youth and college students. It is necessary to establish its appropriateness for use across populations or countries in future studies. Furthermore, the scale can be used in cross-cultural applications to assess happiness among different groups of individuals.

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