Reflections on the Human Face

The significance of the human face in social interaction can hardly be overestimated. We rely primarily on facial appearance in discriminating between members of our species, but we also use the face to judge the age and gender of a person and to interpret his or her emotional state. We find certain faces pleasant or attractive, attribute personality characteristics to people such as intelligence or honesty based on physiognomy, and use facial cues to guess people's intentions and predict their behavior toward us. Similarly, we can gauge the effect of our words or actions on others by the feedback we receive from their faces. The face assumes a privileged role in social communication almost immediately after birth, suggesting that the neural systems underlying various facial behaviors are to a large extent innately specified and genetically determined.

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Face for Interface

Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-561-0.ch044 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 308-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Maja Pantic

Keyword(s):

Interpersonal Communication ◽

Social Life ◽

Affective State ◽

Human Face ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Lip Reading ◽

The Face ◽

And Gender ◽

Taste And Smell ◽

Production Apparatus

The human face is involved in an impressive variety of different activities. It houses the majority of our sensory apparatus—eyes, ears, mouth, and nose—allowing the bearer to see, hear, taste, and smell. Apart from these biological functions, the human face provides a number of signals essential for interpersonal communication in our social life. The face houses the speech production apparatus and is used to identify other members of the species; it regulates conversation by gazing or nodding and interprets what has been said by lip reading. It is our direct and naturally preeminent means of communicating and understanding somebody’s affective state and intentions on the basis of the shown facial expression (Lewis & Haviland-Jones, 2000). Personality, attractiveness, age, and gender also can be seen from someone’s face. Thus, the face is a multi-signal sender/receiver capable of tremendous flexibility and specificity. In general, the face conveys information via four kinds of signals listed in Table 1.

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Conventions and temporal differences in painted faces: A study of posture and color distribution

Electronic Imaging ◽

10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.11.hvei-267 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (11) ◽

pp. 267-1-267-8

Author(s):

Mitchell J.P. van Zuijlen ◽

Sylvia C. Pont ◽

Maarten W.A. Wijntjes

Keyword(s):

Scientific Community ◽

Human Face ◽

Art Galleries ◽

Art Collections ◽

Color Distribution ◽

Scientific Domain ◽

The Face ◽

And Gender ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

The human face is a popular motif in art and depictions of faces can be found throughout history in nearly every culture. Artists have mastered the depiction of faces after employing careful experimentation using the relatively limited means of paints and oils. Many of the results of these experimentations are now available to the scientific domain due to the digitization of large art collections. In this paper we study the depiction of the face throughout history. We used an automated facial detection network to detect a set of 11,659 faces in 15,534 predominately western artworks, from 6 international, digitized art galleries. We analyzed the pose and color of these faces and related those to changes over time and gender differences. We find a number of previously known conventions, such as the convention of depicting the left cheek for females and vice versa for males, as well as unknown conventions, such as the convention of females to be depicted looking slightly down. Our set of faces will be released to the scientific community for further study.

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Age and gender-based human face reconstruction from single frontal image

Multimedia Tools and Applications ◽

10.1007/s11042-018-6869-5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 79 (5-6) ◽

pp. 3217-3242 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zuzana Ferková ◽

Petra Urbanová ◽

Dominik Černý ◽

Marek Žuži ◽

Petr Matula

Keyword(s):

Human Face ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Face Reconstruction ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender

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Educational and Ethical Views of Attar Neishabouri

Review of European Studies ◽

10.5539/res.v8n1p267 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 267

Author(s):

Reza Yazdani

Keyword(s):

Well Being ◽

Health Issues ◽

Mental Images ◽

Divine Attributes ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Stages Of Growth ◽

Self Confidence ◽

The Family ◽

The Face ◽

And Gender

<p>Attar believes that some health standards and different hygienic methods should be taught to children. Although teaching the methods of healthcare and well-being is among the necessities of life, child’s understanding and intelligence should not be ignored. There is no doubt that religious give great importance to health issues and even emphasize that they should be taught to children. Dealing with appearance causes that their truth-seeking spirit is misled. Accordingly, Sufism recommends people to abandon appearance and deal with the interior. In the stages of growth, child’s mental images are related to sensory issues. He gradually understands lighting, heating and other things that are exposed to his senses and realizes their differences. Formation of mental images and attention to their differences are related to the growth and complexity of the child’s nerves and experience. Affection and kindness to children is desirable. But parents and educators should know that going to extremes in this case is harmful. Attar believes that loving the children excessively causes that he is brought up as a weak and powerless person and loses his self-confidence. So, he shows weakness in the face of problems. But if he is educated with moderation, he will act accordingly. Too much attention to children makes them timid. Treating the children with justice and fairness is one of the Divine attributes. According to Attar, parents should not discriminate between their children and should deal with them justly in all aspects just as you like to be treated with justice in all situations. In many educational books, it is said that the apparent treatment of parents with children may vary according to their age and gender and this is difference rather than discrimination. Attar states that we should act carefully and accurately. These differences should not make parents not act fairly in loving children, but they should justify the children that if they were in such a situation, they would receive the same treatment. Discrimination and injustice in the family, whether tangible or intangible, cause that children feel contempt and become alienated from their family and education.</p>

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Are the facial gender and facial age variants of the composite face illusion products of a common mechanism?

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review ◽

10.3758/s13423-019-01684-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 62-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Katie L. H. Gray ◽

Yvonne Guillemin ◽

Zarus Cenac ◽

Sophie Gibbons ◽

Tim Vestner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Face Processing ◽

Common Mechanism ◽

Subjective Perception ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Target Region ◽

Holistic Face Processing ◽

Gender Biases ◽

The Face ◽

And Gender ◽

Composite Face

AbstractWhen the upper half of one face (‘target region’) is spatially aligned with the lower half of another (‘distractor region’), the two halves appear to fuse together perceptually, changing observers’ subjective perception of the target region. This ‘composite face illusion’ is regarded as a key hallmark of holistic face processing. Importantly, distractor regions bias observers’ subjective perception of target regions in systematic, predictable ways. For example, male and female distractor regions make target regions appear masculine and feminine; young and old distractor regions make target regions appear younger and older. In the present study, we first describe a novel psychophysical paradigm that yields precise reliable estimates of these perceptual biases. Next, we use this novel procedure to establish a clear relationship between observers’ susceptibility to the age and gender biases induced by the composite face illusion. This relationship is seen in a lab-based sample (N = 100) and is replicated in an independent sample tested online (N = 121). Our findings suggest that age and gender variants of the composite illusion may be different measures of a common structural binding process, with an origin early in the face-processing stream.

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Identifying Text Message through Different Types of Translation

International Journal of Languages Literature and Linguistics ◽

10.18178/ijlll.2021.7.3.299 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 127-132

Author(s):

Alla Meyerovich ◽

Keyword(s):

Text Analysis ◽

Text Message ◽

Main Idea ◽

Literary Text ◽

Point Of View ◽

Personality Characteristics ◽

Linguistic Variables ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Different Types ◽

And Gender

Main idea, concept, message are practically terms denoting the same phenomenon. To give a definition to a text message is no less hard than to formulate the message. Still, stylistic text analysis presupposes detection of text elements that contribute to message formation and are marked from this point of view; the understanding of the message depends on many factors, including extra-linguistic variables: historical and cultural background as well as readers' personality characteristics such as the habit and ability to read, their educational and social status, age and gender. The more pronounced then is the necessity of adequate message formulation. The procedure of literary text translation into other verbal as well as in non-verbal languages helps clearly reveal the message. Several stages of the procedure were worked out in the study to train future teachers in reading and analyzing the text.

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5. Predictive biometrics

Biometrics: A Very Short Introduction ◽

10.1093/actrade/9780198809104.003.0005 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 90-97

Author(s):

Michael Fairhurst

Keyword(s):

Emotional State ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Biometric System ◽

Biometric Data ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

Iris Data

Is there any reason why the data captured in a biometric system could not be used for other sorts of prediction too? ‘An introduction to predictive biometrics’ looks at how instead of supplementing conventional data with soft biometric data, conventional biometric data might be used to predict some soft biometric characteristics of an individual. Predictive biometrics has expanded considerably in recent years, with the two most frequently studied characteristics being age and gender using, for example, biometric iris data. Recent studies are taking predictive biometrics further still, aiming to predict so-called ‘higher level’ individual characteristics, such as those which reflect an individual’s mental or emotional state.

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