scholarly journals Reproducibility of systematic literature reviews on food, nutrition, physical activity and endometrial cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1006-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Thompson ◽  
EV Bandera ◽  
VJ Burley ◽  
JE Cade ◽  
D Forman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Food Nutrition ◽  
Search And Selection ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractObjectiveDespite the increasing dependence on systematic reviews to summarise the literature and to issue public health recommendations, the formal assessment of the reliability of conclusions emerging from systematic reviews has received little attention. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate whether two independent centres, in two continents, draw similar conclusions regarding the association of food, nutrition and physical activity and endometrial cancer, when provided with the same general instructions and with similar resources.DesignThe assessment of reproducibility concentrated on four main areas: (1) paper search and selection; (2) assignment of study design; (3) inclusion of ‘key’ papers; and (4) individual studies selected for meta-analysis and the summary risk estimate obtained.ResultsIn total 310 relevant papers were identified, 166 (54 %) were included by both centres. Of the remaining 144 papers, 72 (50 %) were retrieved in the searches of one centre and not the other (54 in centre A, 18 in centre B) and 72 were retrieved in both searches but regarded as relevant by only one of the centres (52 in centre A, 20 in centre B). Of papers included by both centres, 80 % were allocated the same study design. Agreement for inclusion of cohort-type and case–control studies was about 63 % compared with 50 % or less for ecological and case series studies. The agreement for inclusion of 138 ‘key’ papers was 87 %. Summary risk estimates from meta-analyses were similar.ConclusionsTransparency of process and explicit detailed procedures are necessary parts of a systematic review and crucial for the reader to interpret its findings.

scholarly journals Study design guidelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-368
Author(s):  
Andrey P. Sereda ◽  
Marina A. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Copyright Holder ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Key Aspects

Complying with certain requirements or, more precisely, following the guidelines for the design of a scientific publication helps to make it not only more comprehensible for reviewers and readers, but actually enhances the quality of work. For example, even if some aspects in design logic were fulfilled but not described, other researchers doing meta-analysis may wrongly but for a good reason downgrade such publication and exclude it from the analysis. understanding of the guidelines for study design ensures not only the proper description of the results but the initial planning of work. The CARE guidelines were established for reporting of clinical cases, STROBE for reporting observational studies (cohort and case-control studies), CONSORT for reporting randomized studies (these guidelines are often used also for other comparative and case series studies), STARD for reporting diagnostic studies, and PRISMa for reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The present paper describes the key aspects of those guidelines and provides templates for graphic display of study design in form of flow charts. evidently, we should not forget that each study is unique and there is always a place for a reasonable compromise between requirements and the real logic of the research in place. The article is the reprint published with the permission of the copyright holder. Original article: Sereda AP, Andrianova MA. Study Design Guidelines. Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2019;25(3):165-184. doi: 10.21823/2311-2905-2019-25-3-165-184

scholarly journals Study Design Guidelines

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Sereda ◽  
M. A. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Key Aspects

Complying with certain requirements or, more precisely, following the guidelines for the design of a scientific publication helps to make it not only more comprehensible for reviewers and readers, but actually enhances the quality of work. For example, even if some aspects in design logic were fulfilled but not described, other researchers doing meta-analysis may wrongly but for a good reason downgrade such publication and exclude it from the analysis. Understanding of the guidelines for study design ensures not only the proper description of the results but the initial planning of work. The CA RE guidelines were established for reporting of clinical cases, STROBE — for reporting observational studies (cohort and case-control studies), CO NSORT — for reporting randomized studies (these guidelines are often used also for other comparative and case series studies), STARD — for reporting diagnostic studies, and PRISMA — for reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The present paper describes the key aspects of those guidelines and provides templates for graphic display of study design in form of flow charts. Evidently, we should not forget that each study is unique and there is always a place for a reasonable compromise between “requirements” and the real logic of the research in place.

Abstract TP63: Risk of Contrast Induced Nephropathy After Emergency CTA in Stroke Patients: A Meta-Analysis

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thirumalaivasan Dhasakeerthi ◽  
Muhammad Ishfaq ◽  
Balaji Krishnaiah ◽  
Andrei Alexandrov ◽  
Georgios Tsivgoulis
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Contrast Induced Nephropathy ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Contrast Ct

Background: Contrast agents for computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and perfusion (CTP) are presumed to be nephrotoxic prompting many hospitals to require serum creatinine values prior to imaging likely causing delays in door to needle times. The objective of this study is to assess the risk of developing contrast induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients who are undergoing CTA and CTP. Materials and Methods: We have searched the electronic databases up to July 2019 for studies that reported incidence of AKI in patients who have undergone CTA and CTP. We calculated pooled odds ratios and 95% CIs by using random-effects models for the primary end point being AKI due to contrast induced nephropathy. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Results: Eight case control studies assessing 4,449 patients have been included in the study. The odds of AKI in CTA/CTP patients versus non-contrast CT was not statistically significant (odds ratio = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.20-1.39, p=0.199). There was no significant heterogeneity between the studies (Cochran’s Q statistic 3.632, df 4; P = .461, I2=2.514%). Overall, no AKI patient required hemodialysis due to contrast induced nephropathy. The absolute number of patients who developed AKI among CTA/CTP patients was lower than among patients who underwent just non-contrast CT (67 versus 87, NS). Conclusion: The use of contrast agents for CTA/CTP in acute stroke is not associated with an increased risk of developing contrast induced nephropathy nor AKI requiring dialysis.

Study Design and Statistics

2020 ◽  
pp. 977-1096
Author(s):  
Edward H. Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Noninferiority Trials ◽  
Correct Usage ◽  
Meta Analyses

The Study Design and Statistics chapter of the 11th edition of the AMA Manual of Style begins with a description of the parts of a scientific manuscript and the role of each part: Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. The features unique to different study types are outlined: randomized clinical trials, parallel-design double-blind trials, crossover trials, equivalence and noninferiority trials, cluster trials, observational studies, cohort studies, case-control studies, case series, comparative effectiveness research, meta-analyses, cost-effectiveness/cost-benefit analyses, quality improvement studies, and survey studies. Because correct treatment depends on accurate diagnosis, attention is given to various types of diagnostic tests. A large glossary of statistical terms indicates the appropriate applications of commonly used statistical techniques, providing definitions, presentation, and tips and guidelines for correct usage. Many new terms have been added to this glossary since the previous edition.

scholarly journals Index of Independence

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Ilija Barukčić
Keyword(s):  
Publication Bias ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Thought Experiments ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Degree Of Certainty ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objective. Under certain circumstances, the results of multiple investigations – particularly, rigorously-designed trials, can be summarized by systematic reviews and meta-analyses. However, the results of properly conducted meta-analyses can but need not be stronger than single investigations, if (publication) bias is not considered to a necessary extent. Methods. In assessing the significance of publication bias due to study design simple to handle statistical measures for quantifying publication bias are developed and discussed which can be used as a characteristic of a meta-analysis. In addition, these measures may permit comparisons of publication biases between different meta-analyses. Results. Various properties and the performance of the new measures of publication bias are studied and illustrated using simulations and clearly described thought experiments. As a result, individual studies can be reviewed with a higher degree of certainty. Conclusions. Publication bias due to study design is a serious problem in scientific research, which can affect the validity and generalization of conclusions. The index of unfairness and the index of independence are of use to quantify publication bias and to improve the quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Iranian Hemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Amin Afsharimoghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
Meta Analyses

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome as one of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases has recently been the focus of clinical studies. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in hemodialysis patients in Iran. Methods: The present systematic review was done using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Case-control, cohort and crosssectional studies conducted in Iran were included. Clinical trials, case reports, letters to editors, systematic reviews, study protocols, narrative reviews, and case series were excluded. Subgroup analysis was conducted for determining the heterogeneity based on the participants as well as their gender. Meta-analysis was conducted using STATA version 14.0. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among 799 patients was 50% (95% CI: 47.0, 53.0, I2=50.6). The analysis of subgroups was conducted for determining the heterogeneity based on the participants as well as their gender. Based on the analysis of the subgroups using a random effects model, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be 44% and 55% in Iranian men and women undergoing hemodialysis, respectively. Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in hemodialysis patients, it is advisable and logical that patients with chronic renal failure should be regularly evaluated for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors both at the diagnosis time and afterwards.

scholarly journals Anticoagulant-related nephropathy: systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolinny Borinelli de Aquino Moura ◽  
Paula Marques Prates Behrens ◽  
Rafaela Pirolli ◽  
Aimee Sauer ◽  
Dayana Melamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Anticoagulated Patients

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to report the prevalence and mortality associated with anticoagulant-related nephropathy (ARN) through a systematic review of the literature. Methods Electronic searches were conducted in the Medline and EMBASE databases, and manual searches were performed in the reference lists of the identified studies. The studies were selected by two independent researchers, first by evaluating the titles and abstracts and then by reading the complete texts of the identified studies. Case series, cross-sectional studies, cohort studies and case–control studies reporting the prevalence and factors associated with ARN were selected. The methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Meta-analyses of the prevalence of ARN and 5-year mortality using the random effects model were performed when possible. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Results Five studies were included. Prevalence of ARN ranged from 19% to 63% among the four included cohort studies. Meta-analysis of these resulted in high heterogeneity [I2 96%, summary effect 31%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 22–42%]. Subgroup meta-analysis yielded an ARN prevalence of 20% among studies that included patients with fewer comorbidities (I2 12%; 95% CI 19–22%). In a direct comparison, meta-analysis of the 5-year mortality rate between anticoagulated patients who had experienced ARN and anticoagulated patients without ARN, patients with ARN were 91% more likely to die (risk ratio = 1.91; 95% CI 1.22–3; I2 87%). Risk factors for ARN that were reported in the literature included initial excessive anticoagulation, chronic kidney disease, age, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and heart failure. Conclusions ARN studies are scarce and heterogeneous, and present significant methodological limitations. The high prevalence of ARN reported herein suggests that this entity is underdiagnosed in clinical practice. Mortality in patients with ARN seems to be high compared with patients without this condition in observational studies.

scholarly journals Application of the Subspace-Based Methods in Health Monitoring of Civil Structures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3607
Author(s):  
Hoofar Shokravi ◽  
Hooman Shokravi ◽  
Norhisham Bakhary ◽  
Mahshid Heidarrezaei ◽  
Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Identification ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Subspace System Identification ◽  
Insight Into

A large number of research studies in structural health monitoring (SHM) have presented, extended, and used subspace system identification. However, there is a lack of research on systematic literature reviews and surveys of studies in this field. Therefore, the current study is undertaken to systematically review the literature published on the development and application of subspace system identification methods. In this regard, major databases in SHM, including Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, have been selected and preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) has been applied to ensure complete and transparent reporting of systematic reviews. Along this line, the presented review addresses the available studies that employed subspace-based techniques in the vibration-based damage detection (VDD) of civil structures. The selected papers in this review were categorized into authors, publication year, name of journal, applied techniques, research objectives, research gap, proposed solutions and models, and findings. This study can assist practitioners and academicians for better condition assessment of structures and to gain insight into the literature.

scholarly journals Diet and physical activity in pregnancy to prevent gestational diabetes: a protocol for an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis on the differential effects of interventions with economic evaluation

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e048119
Author(s):  
Dyuti Coomar ◽  
Jonathan M Hazlehurst ◽  
Frances Austin ◽  
Charlie Foster ◽  
Graham A Hitman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Randomised Trials ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
In Pregnancy

IntroductionMothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of pregnancy-related complications and developing type 2 diabetes after delivery. Diet and physical activity-based interventions may prevent GDM, but variations in populations, interventions and outcomes in primary trials have limited the translation of available evidence into practice. We plan to undertake an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of randomised trials to assess the differential effects and cost-effectiveness of diet and physical activity-based interventions in preventing GDM and its complications.MethodsThe International Weight Management in Pregnancy Collaborative Network database is a living repository of IPD from randomised trials on diet and physical activity in pregnancy identified through a systematic literature search. We shall update our existing search on MEDLINE, Embase, BIOSIS, LILACS, Pascal, Science Citation Index, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects and Health Technology Assessment Database without language restriction to identify relevant trials until March 2021. Primary researchers will be invited to join the Network and share their IPD. Trials including women with GDM at baseline will be excluded. We shall perform a one and two stage random-effect meta-analysis for each intervention type (all interventions, diet-based, physical activity-based and mixed approach) to obtain summary intervention effects on GDM with 95% CIs and summary treatment–covariate interactions. Heterogeneity will be summarised using I2 and tau2 statistics with 95% prediction intervals. Publication and availability bias will be assessed by examining small study effects. Study quality of included trials will be assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach will be used to grade the evidence in the results. A model-based economic analysis will be carried out to assess the cost-effectiveness of interventions to prevent GDM and its complications compared with usual care.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required. The study is registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42020212884). Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of behavioural economic incentive programmes for the promotion of a healthy diet and physical activity: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e046035
Author(s):  
Suparee Boonmanunt ◽  
Oraluck Pattanaprateep ◽  
Boonsong Ongphiphadhanakul ◽  
Gareth McKay ◽  
John Attia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Economic Incentive ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Behavioural Economic ◽  
Meta Analyses

IntroductionObesity and being overweight are major risk factors for metabolic syndrome and non-communicable diseases. Despite the recommendation that a healthy diet and physical activity can reduce the severity of these diseases, many fail to adhere to these measures. From a behavioural economic perspective, adherence to such measures can be encouraged through financial incentives. However, additional related behavioural economic approaches may improve the effectiveness of an incentive programme. As such, we have developed a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis to summarise the current evidence from financial incentive programmes with and without behavioural economic insights for promoting healthy diet and physical activity.Methods and analysisPrevious systematic reviews, meta-analyses and individual studies were identified from Medline and Scopus in June 2020 and will be updated until December 2020. Individual studies will be selected and data extracted by two reviewers. Disagreement will be resolved by consensus or adjudicated by a third reviewer. A descriptive analysis will summarise the effectiveness of behavioural economic incentive programmes for promoting healthy diet and physical activity. Moreover, individual studies will be pooled using network meta-analyses where possible. I2 statistics and Cochran’s Q test will be used to assess heterogeneity. Risk of bias and publication bias, if appropriate, will be evaluated, as well as the overall strength of the evidence.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for a systematic review and meta-analysis is not required. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020198024.

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