Influence of selected fibrolytic enzymes on the ensiling characteristics and in vitro rumen degradation of maize silage

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 213-213
Author(s):  
D. Colombatto ◽  
F. L. Mould ◽  
M. K. Bhat ◽  
R. H. Phipps ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Organic Matter Degradation ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Rumen Degradation

Selected fibrolytic enzyme preparations applied at ensiling have been shown to reduce the fibre contents and to increase the initial rate of in vitro organic matter degradation (OMD) of maize silage (Colombatto et al., 2001). However, there is little information on changes in the fibre content of maize forage during the ensiling process, as affected by enzyme addition. The present study examined the effects of characterised enzyme preparations (Colombatto et al., 2000), derived from mesophilic and thermophilic fungal sources applied at ensiling, on the quality and in vitro rumen degradation characteristics of maize silage, as assessed using the Reading Pressure Technique (RPT, Mauricio et al., 1999).

Screening of fibrolytic enzymes as additives for ruminant diets: relationship between enzyme activities and the in vitro degradation of enzyme-treated forages

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 210-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Colombatto ◽  
D.P. Morgavi ◽  
A.F. Furtado ◽  
K.A. Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Commercial Enzyme ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
Feed Enzymes

Results in the literature concerning the efficacy of feed enzymes for ruminant diets have been mixed. Commercial preparations currently used are fermentation extracts containing several enzymic activities. It has been suggested that ruminal fermentation of grass and maize silages is enzyme-limited (Wallace et al., 2001). In order to design better enzyme additives, the enzyme activities likely to affect the animal responses should be identified. This study examined 23 commercial enzyme preparations for their biochemical properties and their ability to influence the in vitro degradation of alfalfa and maize silage.

Potential of solubility, enzymatic methods and NIRS to predict in situ rumen escape protein

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. De Boever ◽  
B.G. Cottyn ◽  
J.M. Vanacker ◽  
C.V. Boucque
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Streptomyces Griseus ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
The Difference

The percentage of feed protein escaping rumen degradation was measured by the in situ method (%EPsitu) for 29 compound feeds, untreated and formaldehyde-treated soyabean meal and 12 forages: 3 grass silages, 2 maize silages, fresh grass, grass hay, fodder beets, fresh potatoes, ensiled beet pulp, chopped ear-maize silage and brewers' grains. Loss of particles through bag pores was determined by the difference between the washable fraction (W) and the fraction soluble in borate-phosphate buffer at pH 6.7 (S). W - S was most pronounced for compound feeds (on average 14.4 percentage units), for brewers' grains and maize silages. A correction of %EPsitu, assuming that W - S degrades like the potentially degradable fraction, was not appropriate. Solubility in borate-phosphate buffer after 1 h, enzymic degradability by protease from Streptomyces griseus or ficin after 1, 6 and 24 h and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) (for compound feeds alone) were examined as a routine method to predict %EPsitu. With the buffer and S. griseus the effect of pH (6.7 vs. 8.0) and at pH 8.0 the effect of amount of substrate (500-mg sample vs. 20 mg N) were tested. With ficin, 500-mg samples were incubated at pH 6.7. Predictions were better when compound feeds and forages were considered separately. However, the best in vitro method was different for the 2 feed categories, being solubility in buffer for the compound feeds and enzymic degradation of a constant amount of protein with S. griseus at pH 8.0 for forages. NIRS showed potential to predict %EPsitu of compound feeds, but needs more reference samples. The Dutch feed tables appeared more accurate than the best in vitro method for compound feeds, but was too inaccurate for some forages like fodder beets, maize silage and ear-maize silage.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Cellulose Rich Organic Matter Degradation by Inoculation with Streptomyces sp. Strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Simonida Djuri
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Organic Matter Degradation ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Cellulose Production ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Streptomyces Spp

Microbial degradation of organic matter is a vital part of carbon cycle in nature. Actinobacteria play an important role in the decomposition of cellulose rich organic matter (CROM). Streptomyces spp. are abundant in soil, produce various secondary metabolites and secrete extracellular enzymes. The aim of this research was to isolate and select Streptomyces strains with the best cellulose degradation abilities. Out of total 32 actinobacteria isolates, four Streptomyces strains (CA1, CA10, PA2 and PA7) were subjected to morphological, physiological, biochemical characterization and molecular identification. CROM degradation potential of the strains was investigated on straw and beech briquettes as well as on legume based substrate in in vitro condition. Streptomyces strains CA1 and CA10 showed the best cellulose production and starch hydrolysis abilities, followed by strains PA2 and PA7. Strain CA1 was also positive to production of pectinase enzymes. Streptomyces zaomyceticus CA1 and S. tanashiensis CA10 were used as inoculants, which degraded the raw cellulose from 38.38 to 81.69% in the investigated substrates (straw, beech, legume), during a 30-day incubation experiment. CROM inoculation with the selected Streptomyces strains improved and accelerated its degradation in controlled conditions. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

Comparison of bovine rumen liquor and bovine faeces as sources of micro-organisms for the in vitro gas production technique for assessing silages of maize and maize plant fractions

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 60-60
Author(s):  
U.R. Altaf ◽  
R. Mauricio ◽  
F.L. Mould ◽  
T. Smith ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Maize Plant ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Micro Organisms

A previous study (Mauricio et al., 1998) with 12 forage substrates (straw, hay and dried grasses) showed a high correlation between rumen liquor and faeces for total gas production and in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD). However parameters estimated using faecal inoculum were generally lower man when using rumen liquor. To confirm this observation, a second study was conducted using maize silage and silages made from maize plant fractions.

Rumen degradability of organic matter, nitrogen and fibre fractions in forages

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Susmel ◽  
B. Stefanon ◽  
C. R. Mills ◽  
M. Spanghero
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Sodium Dichromate ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Main Component

ABSTRACTRumen degradability of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin was evaluated with the in situ technique for maize silage and cocksfoot, timothy, fescue, lucerne and meadow hays. The degradability of each of the six forages was studied separately, each forage being used in turn as the main component of the diet offered to four fistulated cows. For each forage 300 g were mordanted with sodium dichromate and placed in the rumen when the same forage was studied. Faecal grab samples were collected to measure the forage transit time. Digestibility was evaluated using both lignin as an indicator and by an in vitro method.Rumen outflow rate was higher for cocksfoot and lucerne hays than for maize silage and the meadow, timothy and fescue hays (P < 0·01). The effective degradabilities of DM and OM were higher in maize silage, fescue and lucerne than in cocksfoot, timothy or meadow hay (P < 0·01). Effective degradability of N was highest in lucerne and lowest in timothy and meadow hay (P < 0·01). The degradability of NDF, hemicellulose and cellulose for fescue was always the highest of the six forages (P < 0·01; P < 0·05; F < 0·01 respectively).Rumen outflow rate was statistically correlated with the c value of DM (r = 0·47), N (r = 0·54), NDF (r = 0·43) and hemicellulose (r = 0·43). High correlations were observed between rate constants of degradation of NDF and hemicellulose, cellulose or lignin (0·93, 0·75 and 0·79 respectively). The regression between in vitro and lignin-derived digestibility was highly significant (P < 0·001, r2 = 0·902 residual s.e. 0·017). The multiple regression analysis between lignin-based digestibility and degradability coefficients, effective degradability and coefficients of faecal chromium excretion was highly significant (r = 0·748; residual s.e. = 0·03).

The development of plant components and their effects on the composition of fresh and ensiled forage maize: 2. The effect of genotype, plant density and date of harvest on the composition of maize silage

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Wilkinson ◽  
R. H. Phipps
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Apparent Loss ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Plant Components

SummaryForage maize was harvested on three occasions from three genotypes (Inra 200, LG11 and Anjou 210), grown at three plant densities (5·0, 9·8 and 13·5 plants/m2). Three replicate silos were filled with 8 kg fresh crop per treatment, sealed, and stored for 100 days.Crops from all treatments fermented to give predominantly lactic acid, low values for pH (average 3·9, range 3·7–4·1), with no butyric acid. Apparent loss of watersoluble carbohydrates during storage appeared to be directly related to their content at harvest.Genotype and plant density had relatively little effect on the composition of the silage, or on digestibility in vitro. Later harvest was reflected in increased contents of dry matter and starch, and in restricted fermentation. The content of digestible organic matter in the D.M. was decreased by later harvest.

Comparison of bovine rumen liquor and bovine faeces as sources of micro-organisms for thein vitrogas production technique for assessing silages of maize and maize plant fractions

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 60-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.R. Altaf ◽  
R. Mauricio ◽  
F.L. Mould ◽  
T. Smith ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Maize Plant ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Micro Organisms

A previous study (Mauricioet al., 1998) with 12 forage substrates (straw, hay and dried grasses) showed a high correlation between rumen liquor and faeces for total gas production andin vitroorganic matter digestibility (OMD). However parameters estimated using faecal inoculum were generally lower man when using rumen liquor. To confirm this observation, a second study was conducted using maize silage and silages made from maize plant fractions.

scholarly journals Associative effects between red clover and kikuyu grass silage: Proteolysis reduction and synergy during in vitro organic matter degradation

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Cristina Guzatti ◽  
Paulo Gonçalves Duchini ◽  
Gilberto Vilmar Kozloski ◽  
Vincent Niderkorn ◽  
Henrique Mendonça Nunes Ribeiro-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Organic Matter Degradation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Kikuyu Grass

Performance of lambs and the incidence of staggers and heat stress on two perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) cultivars using a leader-follower rotational grazing management system

2001 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. BLUETT ◽  
J. HODGSON ◽  
P. D. KEMP ◽  
T. N. BARRY
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

A summer lamb finishing experiment at Palmerston North, New Zealand compared the performance and health of weaned lambs grazing Aries HD or Yatsyn 1 perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Aries HD ryegrass was originally selected for increased digestibility over summer and early autumn. Two groups of Romney×Suffolk lambs (15 per group) were rotationally grazed on each cultivar in a leader-follower sequence to assess both the nutritive value of the pastures and the alkaloid challenge imposed by the respective cultivar/endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) associations. Herbage from leader pastures contained a higher content of ryegrass (600 v. 474±27·3 g/kg, P < 0·001) and a lower content of dead material (355 v. 479±34·2 g/kg, P < 0·001) than follower pastures. The in vitro organic matter digestibility coefficient of leader pastures was greater (0·62 v. 0·55±0·024, P < 0·05) and the neutral detergent fibre content lower (592 v. 631±11·4 g/kg, P < 0·005) than follower pastures. Consequently, the leader lambs had faster liveweight gains (92 v. 53±10·6 g/day, P < 0·0005) than the follower lambs. Aries HD and Yatsyn 1 cultivars were similar in sward composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility, neutral detergent fibre content and nitrogen content. Lambs grazing Aries HD had a higher herbage intake in late January than lambs grazing Yatsyn 1 pasture (0·95 v. 0·85±0·023 kg OM/day, P < 0·005). Overall, the liveweight gains of lambs grazing Aries HD and Yatsyn 1 were similar (71 v. 73±10·6 g/day, P > 0·7).Grazing sequence and cultivar did not affect the concentrations of lolitrem B and peramine from herbage cut to ground level. However, serum prolactin concentration, which can indicate ergovaline intoxication, was lower in lambs grazing follower swards (181 v. 120±18·0 ng/ml, P < 0·005). Ergovaline concentration in Aries HD herbage was about half the concentration detected in Yatsyn 1 herbage (0·25 v. 0·49±0·050 mg/kg, P < 0·001). In addition, respiration rate, which can be an indicator of heat stress, was higher in lambs grazing Yatsyn 1 than Aries HD (77 v. 74±1·1 breaths per minute, P < 0·005). All lambs on all treatments had clinical ryegrass staggers from 10 February to 9 March. Lambs were removed from the experiment on 9 March. Both grazing sequence and cultivar affected the severity of ryegrass staggers. Staggers score was highest in Yatsyn 1 followers (4·4) and lowest in Aries HD leaders (3·1). Both grazing sequence and cultivar affected the alkaloid challenge imposed on lambs, resulting in differences in staggers severity, heat stress and performance of the lambs over the summer and autumn period.

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