scholarly journals DOHaD in science and society: emergent opportunities and novel responsibilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Penkler ◽  
M. Hanson ◽  
R. Biesma ◽  
R. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
Social Responsibilities ◽  
Robust Implementation ◽  
Scientific Knowledge Production ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Disease Risks

AbstractThe field of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) has grown considerably in recent decades and is receiving increasing recognition from health policymakers. Today, DOHaD research aims to offer a comprehensive perspective on health and disease that traces how different life experiences shape health and disease risks over the entire life course. This integrative perspective opens up distinct possibilities for improving health. At the same time, it raises questions regarding the specific social responsibilities of DOHaD as a field and about possible pathways to a socially just and scientifically robust implementation of DOHaD knowledge in society. In this article, we review the history and key characteristics of DOHaD as a field of scientific knowledge production. We argue that based on its key assumptions – that life circumstances, health and disease are closely linked on a molecular scale – DOHaD is an inherently political research field. When tracing how life environments affect health and disease, it is of utmost social and political importance to specify how DOHaD understands and frames these life environments, which aspects of life worlds are included and which excluded, and how research results are interpreted and translated into health recommendations at individual, societal and policy levels. We suggest a number of ways by which the DOHaD community can constructively and responsibly meet the demands that these inherent characteristics place on knowledge production and dissemination in the field.

Active Coeliac: Disassembling Gluten and Coeliac Disease

Somatechnics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 188-205
Author(s):  
Sofia Varino
Keyword(s):  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Biomedical Knowledge ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Object A ◽  
Scientific Knowledge Production ◽  
New Materialisms

This article follows the trajectories of gluten in the context of Coeliac disease as a gastrointestinal condition managed by lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet. Oriented by the concept of gluten as an actant (Latour), I engage in an analysis of gluten as a participant in volatile relations of consumption, contact, and contamination across coeliac eating. I ask questions about biomedical knowledge production in the context of everyday dietary practices alongside two current scientific research projects developing gluten-degrading enzymes and gluten-free wheat crops. Following the new materialisms of theorists like Elizabeth A. Wilson, Jane Bennett, Donna Haraway and Bruno Latour, I approach gluten as an alloy, an impure object, a hybrid assemblage with self-organizing and disorganizing capacity, not entirely peptide chain nor food additive, not only allergen but also the chewy, sticky substance that gives pizza dough its elastic, malleable consistency. Tracing the trajectories of gluten, this article is a case study of the tricky, slippery capacity of matter to participate in processes of scientific knowledge production.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism: From Proof of Concept to Therapeutic Intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1302
Author(s):  
Patrice D. Cani ◽  
Emilie Moens de Hase ◽  
Matthias Van Hul
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Science Area ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Host Metabolism

The field of the gut microbiota is still a relatively young science area, yet many studies have already highlighted the translational potential of microbiome research in the context of human health and disease. However, like in many new fields, discoveries are occurring at a fast pace and have provided new hope for the development of novel clinical applications in many different medical conditions, not in the least in metabolic disorders. This rapid progress has left the field vulnerable to premature claims, misconceptions and criticism, both from within and outside the sector. Tackling these issues requires a broad collaborative effort within the research field and is only possible by acknowledging the difficulties and challenges that are faced and that are currently hindering clinical implementation. These issues include: the primarily descriptive nature of evidence, methodological concerns, disagreements in analysis techniques, lack of causality, and a rather limited molecular-based understanding of underlying mechanisms. In this review, we discuss various studies and models that helped identifying the microbiota as an attractive tool or target for developing various translational applications. We also discuss some of the limitations and try to clarify some common misconceptions that are still prevalent in the field.

scholarly journals Interest and Attitudes of Patients With Advanced Cancer With Regard to Secondary Germline Findings From Tumor Genomic Profiling

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. e590-e601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jada G. Hamilton ◽  
Elyse Shuk ◽  
Margaux C. Genoff ◽  
Vivian M. Rodríguez ◽  
Jennifer L. Hay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Genomic Profiling ◽  
Inherited Disease ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
Secondary Findings ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Disease Risks

Purpose: Tumor genomic profiling (TGP) can reveal secondary findings about inherited disease risks in a patient with cancer. Little is known about how patients with advanced cancer, currently the primary users of TGP, perceive the benefits and harms of secondary germline findings. Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews with 40 patients with advanced breast, bladder, colorectal, or lung cancer who had TGP. Qualitative interview data were evaluated by using a thematic content analysis approach. Results: Most participants expressed interest in the prospect of learning their secondary germline findings (57%), although a minority was equivocal (29%) or disinterested (14%). Reasons for these preferences varied but were influenced by participants’ perceptions of diverse benefits and harms of this information, which they regarded as relevant to themselves; their families; and other patients with cancer, medical science, and society. These attitudes were uniquely shaped by participants’ personal disease experiences and health status. Conclusion: Many patients with advanced cancer are interested in learning secondary germline findings and hold optimistic and perhaps unrealistic beliefs about the potential health benefits. Patients also have important concerns about clinical and emotional implications of this information. These perceptions are necessary to address to ensure that patients make informed decisions about learning secondary germline findings.

Scientific Knowledge Production Processes

2004 ◽  
pp. 136-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Boden ◽  
Deborah Cox ◽  
Maria Nedeva ◽  
Katharine Barker
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Scientific Knowledge Production

scholarly journals Known unknowns: Filling the gaps in scientific knowledge production in the Caatinga

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e0219359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thainá Lessa ◽  
Janisson W. dos Santos ◽  
Ricardo A. Correia ◽  
Richard J. Ladle ◽  
Ana C. M. Malhado
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Scientific Knowledge Production ◽  
Known Unknowns

Organizations and Innovation within the Biotechnology Industry in China: An Interdisciplinary Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Biotechnology Industry ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Interdisciplinary Perspective ◽  
Scientific Knowledge Production ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
Organizational Features

This article explores the research patterns and organizational features within R&D sector in China's biotechnology industry, delineating the innovation in knowledge production and industrial development. The more recent development of China's biotechnology industry is briefly overviewed from an interdisciplinary perspective, whilst a set of salient features embodied by social actors are envisaged as have so far strongly shaped the market-based, commercially driven mode of scientific knowledge production in the R&D activities. Furthermore, this mode serves as a premise to the innovation of the interaction-network. The implications derived from this analytical work shed a new light upon policy-making both at the level of S&T governance and in the management practice in China's biotechnology industry.

scholarly journals A Scientometric Systematic Review of Entrepreneurial Wellbeing Knowledge Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Contreras-Barraza ◽  
Juan Felipe Espinosa-Cristia ◽  
Guido Salazar-Sepulveda ◽  
Alejandro Vega-Muñoz ◽  
Antonio Ariza-Montes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Robust Approach ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge ◽  
Scientometric Study

This article presents a scientometric study regarding entrepreneurship and its relationship with wellbeing. The study presents a systematic review and measures impact and relational character to identify the relevance of countries, research organizations, and authors in the field of entrepreneurial wellbeing. The study poses the following research questions: What is the nature of the evolution of scientific knowledge in the entrepreneurial wellbeing field? What is the nature of the concentration in terms of geographical distribution and co-authorship level of knowledge production in the entrepreneurial wellbeing field? What are the knowledge trends in knowledge production for entrepreneurial wellbeing literature? The contribution of this research is two-fold. First, in terms of methodology, it contributes study into the use of a more robust approach to search for the scientometric trends about entrepreneurship wellbeing in addition to the PRISMA review tools and the PICOS eligibility criteria. Secondly, the study presents research updates in the search for results for the last 2 years of knowledge production. This upgrade is particularly important in a research field that presents exponential growth, where 2019 and 2020 presented almost double the amount of knowledge production compared to 2017 and 2018.

scholarly journals Geopolítica do conhecimento e da informação: semiperiferia e estratégias de desenvolvimento | Geopolitics of knowledge and information: the semiperiphery and development strategies

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maíra Baumgarten
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Strategic Knowledge ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Scientific Knowledge Production ◽  
Social Technologies ◽  
Social Organizational

Resumo Este artigo é fruto dos debates e reflexões vinculados à preparação e realização da mesa “Geopolítica da informação e do conhecimento e suas implicações nas estratégias de desenvolvimento” no Seminário “Desenvolvimento em Questão: que sociedade da informação e do conhecimento?”, realizado no Rio de Janeiro, em setembro de 2006. A partir das três intervenções ocorridas durante o evento e dos debates que se seguiram, são abordados os temas relativos às desigualdades (no âmbito social, organizacional e territorial) no acesso a informações e conhecimentos estratégicos e desigualdades na capacidade de inovação e aprendizado. São debatidas, ainda, as novas formas de apropriação e privatização de conhecimentos estratégicos e, também, os requisitos para as políticas de C&T e sua relação com o desenvolvimento. O conjunto de questões levantado a partir das exposições foi bastante rico e seu eixo principal girou em torno das dificuldades envolvidas nos processos de comercialização da C&T, das vantagens e desvantagens da concentração da produção do conhecimento científico e da importância de políticas voltadas à resolução dos problemas ocasionados pela concentração demasiada. O grande consenso foi sobre a necessidade da formulação e implementação de políticas adequadas às peculiaridades nacionais e locais. Outro tema abordado foi o das tecnologias convencionais e tecnologias sociais e sua aplicação em diferentes contextosPalavras-chave: Geopolítica do conhecimento e da informação; desenvolvimento; ciência e tecnologia; inovação social, tecnologias sociais, comercialização de C&T  Abstract This article is based on the debate and reflexions on the round-table “Geopolitics of information and knowledge” in the Seminar “Development in Question: what information or knowledge society?” (2006). The main issues discussed are inequalities (social, organizational and territorial) in the access to information and strategic knowledge and in the capacity for learning and innovation; the new forms of appropriation and privatization of strategic knowledge; and the needs of S&T policies and  how they relate to development. These issues generated a rich debate around the themes of the difficulties involved in the processes of commercialization of S&T, advantages and disadvantages of the concentration of scientific knowledge production, and the importance of policies addressing the problems caused by its excessive concentration. There was a consensus on the necessity of formulating and implementing policies appropriate to local and national peculiarities. Another issu addressed was that of conventional technologies as well as of social technologies and their possible applications in different contexts. Keywords Geopolitics of knowledge and information; development; science and technology; social innovation; social technologies; commercialization of S&T  

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