Potato injury risk and weed control from reduced rates of PPO inhibitor herbicides

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Jed B. Colquhoun ◽  
Daniel J. Heider ◽  
Richard A. Rittmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
High Precipitation Events ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract The ability to use the protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor herbicides fomesafen, flumioxazin, and sulfentrazone in potato is limited regionally or by soil texture largely because of crop injury noted in research in the 1990s. With that in mind, we evaluated if reducing the herbicide rates could maintain weed control while providing more consistent crop safety. Studies were conducted on a silt loam and a coarse-textured loamy sand soil. Soil texture played a greater than anticipated role in PPO inhibitor herbicide injury risk as it relates to high precipitation events. For example, in 2020 at the silt loam location, there were five precipitation events across the season that exceeded 2.5 cm, including one 6 days after treatment (DAT), and a seasonal total precipitation that was over 10 cm greater than the previous year. Despite excessive moisture and initial potato injury as high as 27% where flumioxazin was applied at the high rate with s-metolachlor, by 29 DAT injury was less than 10% in all treatments and marketable tuber yield was similar among treatments. In contrast, in 2020 at the loamy sand location there were four precipitation events across the season that exceeded 2.5 cm and potato injury was as much as 60%. In 2020 the high amount of injury from flumioxazin was hypothesized to be caused by precipitation prior to herbicide application and not after, suggesting a need for more research in this area. This work documents the fine line between yield reduction presumably caused by reduced weed control and yield reduction assumed to be related to herbicide injury. This delineation between adequate weed control and consistent crop safety may differ by soil texture and environmental conditions, supporting the notion that custom-tailored weed management may become more necessary as high precipitation events become more common in Upper Midwest USA agricultural systems.

scholarly journals Inoculation and Soil Texture Effects on Yield and Yield Components of Mungbean

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre A. Diatta ◽  
Wade E. Thomason ◽  
Ozzie Abaye ◽  
Larry J. Vaughan ◽  
Thomas L. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Group I ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is a short-duration and relatively drought-tolerant crop grown predominantly in the tropics. This grain legume can improve soil fertility through biological nitrogen (N) fixation. To assess the effects of Bradyrhizobium (group I) inoculation on yield and yield attributes of mungbean, a greenhouse study was conducted during Fall 2016 with two mungbean cultivars (‘Berken’ and ‘OK2000’), two inoculum treatments (inoculated and uninoculated), and two soil textures (loamy sand and silt loam). Pots were laid out in a completely randomized design and treatment combinations were replicated seven times. The main effects of cultivar and soil texture significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected mungbean seed weight and plant residue mass. Seed yield (13%), plant residue (22%), and protein content (6%) of OK2000 were significantly higher than Berken cultivar. A 31% seed yield and 40% plant residue increase were recorded on silt loam soil compared to loamy sand soil. Significant increase in plant height (18%) and number of pods per plant (21%) were also recorded when mungbean plants were grown on silt loam compared to loamy sand soil. Bradyrhizobium inoculation significantly increased the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per plant, and seed yield. [Cultivar × inoculation] and [cultivar × soil texture] interactions had significant (P ≤ 0.05) effects on number of seeds per pods and plant height, respectively. Understanding the agronomic practices and soil physical properties that may limit mungbean production could help in optimizing its establishment and growth in non-traditional growing areas.

scholarly journals Guidelines for surfactant selection to treat petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Ritoré ◽  
Bruno Coquelet ◽  
Carmen Arnaiz ◽  
José Morillo ◽  
José Usero
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil

AbstractThe present study determined the most effective surfactants to remediate gasoline and diesel-contaminated soil integrating information from soil texture and soil organic matter. Different ranges for aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (> C6–C8, > C8–C10, > C10–C12, > C12–C16, > C16–C21, and > C21–C35) in gasoline and diesel fuel were analyzed. This type of analysis has been investigated infrequently. Three types of soils (silty clay, silt loam, and loamy sand) and four surfactants (non-ionic: Brij 35 and Tween 80; anionic: SDBS and SDS) were used. The results indicated that the largest hydrocarbon desorption was 56% for silty clay soil (SDS), 59% for silt loam soil (SDBS), and 69% for loamy sand soil (SDS). Soils with large amounts of small particles showed the worst desorption efficiencies. Anionic surfactants removed more hydrocarbons than non-ionic surfactants. It was notable that preferential desorption on different hydrocarbon ranges was observed since aliphatic hydrocarbons and large ranges were the most recalcitrant compounds of gasoline and diesel fuel components. Unlike soil texture, natural organic matter concentration caused minor changes in the hydrocarbon removal rates. Based on these results, this study might be useful as a tool to select the most cost-effective surfactant knowing the soil texture and the size and chemical structure of the hydrocarbons present in a contaminated site.

scholarly journals The influence of plant mulches on the content of phenolic compounds in soil and primary weed infestation of maize

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Stokłosa ◽  
Tomasz Hura ◽  
Ewa Stupnicka-Rodzynkiewicz ◽  
Teresa Dąbkowska ◽  
Andrzej Lepiarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
High Precipitation Events ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Events

In growing maize, an increase in the content of phenolic compounds and selected phenolic acids in soil was found after the incorporation of white mustard, buckwheat, spring barley, oats and rye mulches into the soil. The highest content of phenolic compounds in soil was found after oats mulch incorporation (20% more than in the control soil). The highest content of selected phenolic acids was found for the soil with the oats and rye mulch. Among the phenolic acids investigated, ferulic acid was most commonly found in the soil with the plant mulches. However, two phenolic acids: the protocatechuic and chlorogenic acid, were not detected in any soil samples (neither in the control soil nor in the mulched soil). At the same time, a decrease in the primary weed infestation level in maize was found in the plots with all the applied plant mulches, especially on the plots with oats, barley and mustard. The plant mulches were more inhibitory against monocotyledonous weeds than dicotyledonous ones. During high precipitation events and wet weather, a rapid decrease in the content of phenolic compounds in soil and an increase in the primary weed infestation level in maize were observed.

Weed Control Systems in Cotton on Tifton Loamy Sand Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde C. Dowler ◽  
E. W. Hauser
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
And Control ◽  
Continuous Use

We evaluated nine systems of weed control over a 3-year period for cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) tolerance and control of weeds on Tifton loamy sand soil. Cultivation with sweeps did not control weeds effectively, which allowed weed competition to reduce cotton yields. Five cultivations plus an annual average of 185 hr/ha hand-hoeing was required to keep cotton relatively free of weeds for 7 to 8 weeks after planting. The use of herbicides offered certain economic advantages over systems using only cultural practices in controlling weeds. A preplant application of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) reduced annual hand-hoeing requirements by 66 hr/ha. The level of weed control at harvest time increased each year in all systems that used a herbicide program, but not where only cultivation or hand-hoeing was used. The continuous use of specific weed-control systems shifted weed populations. Systems that achieved 100% control by the end of the third year included all of the following: (a) a preplanting or at planting treatment of trifluralin or EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) plus (b) a preemergence application of fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea], (c) two directed postemergence sprays with MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate), and (d) diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea]. Large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.] and Florida pusley (Richardia scabraL.) were nearly eliminated where we used trifluralin. Systems that did not include a postemergence application of MSMA allowed common cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicumWallr.), Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum(Sw.) DC], and other weeds to emerge and remain in the crop row, reducing yield of lint cotton. Cotton yield appeared to be directly related to the level of early-season weed control. We did not detect biologically active soil residues at harvest time each year. Our weed-control systems did not affect cotton fiber length, strength, or color.

Late Holocene high precipitation events recorded in lake sediments and catchment geomorphology, Lake Vuoksjávrátje, NW Sweden

Boreas ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Berntsson ◽  
Krister N. Jansson ◽  
Malin E. Kylander ◽  
Francois De Vleeschouwer ◽  
Sebastien Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
High Precipitation Events ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Events

scholarly journals Supplementary material to "Aerosol-induced high precipitation events near the Himalayan foothills"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goutam Choudhury ◽  
Bhishma Tyagi ◽  
Naresh Krishna Vissa ◽  
Jyotsna Singh ◽  
Chandan Sarangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Himalayan Foothills ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
High Precipitation Events ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Events

Effect of Soil Type and Irrigation Method on Lateral Movement of Cycloate

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Stanger ◽  
Arnold P. Appleby
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Lateral Movement ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Echinochloa Crusgalli ◽  
Soil Movement ◽  
Irrigation Method ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil

In greenhouse studies, lateral movement and toxicity ofS-ethyl N-ethylthiocyclohexanecarbamate (cycloate) to barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli(L.) Beauv.) was greater in a loamy sand soil than in two silt loam soils when cycloate was applied by subsurface line injection. Greatest movement and effectiveness resulted from injection into a preirrigated soil without further irrigation. Lateral movement was adequate under furrow irrigation, but the treated band was displaced. Movement of the cycloate was inadequate under sprinkler or subirrigation. Cycloate was more effective when mechanically mixed with the soil than when injected. Cycloate moved more readily in moist soils than in dry soils. When cycloate was injected into a dry loamy sand soil, movement was similar whether irrigation was applied immediately or after 24 hr.

Splash erosion experiments with silt loam and loamy sand soil under simulated rainfall produced by two types of rainfall simulators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nives Zambon ◽  
Lisbeth Lolk Johannsen ◽  
Peter Strauss ◽  
Tomáš Dostál ◽  
David Zumr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Rainfall Simulator ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Splash Erosion ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Soil Erosion By Water

<p>Soil erosion by water is globally the main soil degradation process which leaves serious consequences on agricultural land and water aquifers. Splash erosion is the initial stage of soil erosion by water, resulting from the destructive force of rain drops acting on soil surface aggregates. Splash erosion studies conducted in laboratories use rainfall simulators. They produce artificial rainfall which can vary according to type of the rainfall simulator. In this study the aim was to quantify the differences in splash erosion rates affected by rainfall produced by two different rainfall simulators on two silt loam and one loamy sand soil. Splash erosion was measured using modified Morgan splash cups and the rainfall simulators were equipped with four VeeJet or one FullJet nozzle. The soil samples placed under simulated rainfall were exposed to intensity range from 28 to 54 mm h<sup>-1</sup> and from 35 to 81 mm h<sup>-1</sup>, depending on the rainfall simulator. Rainfall characteristics such as drop size and velocity distribution were measured with an optical laser disdrometer Weather Sensor OTT Parsivel Version 1 (Parsivel) by OTT Messtechnik. Rainfall simulator with VeeJet nozzles produced smaller drops but higher drop velocity which resulted in higher kinetic energy per mm of rainfall compared to rainfall simulator with FullJet nozzles. For the same intensity rate measured kinetic energy under the rainfall simulator with VeeJet nozzles was 45% higher than rainfall kinetic energy from rainfall simulator with FullJet nozzles. Accordingly, the average splash erosion rate was 45 and 59% higher under the rainfall simulator with VeeJet nozzles for one silt loam and loamy sand soil, respectively. Splash erosion was found to be a linear or power function of the rainfall kinetic energy, depending on rainfall simulator. The obtained results highlight the sensitivity of the splash erosion process to rainfall characteristics produced by different rainfall simulators. The heterogeneity of rainfall characteristics between different types of rainfall simulators makes a direct comparison of results obtained from similar erosion studies difficult. Further experiments including comparison between more rainfall simulators could define influencing rainfall parameters on splash erosion under controlled laboratory conditions.</p>

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