Nonthermal Plasma-Assisted Photocatalytic Conversion of Simulated Natural Gas for High-Quality Gasoline Production near Ambient Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 3877-3881
Author(s):  
Shijun Meng ◽  
Aiguo Wang ◽  
Peng He ◽  
Hua Song
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Nonthermal Plasma ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Gasoline Production

High-performance inverted planar perovskite solar cells without a hole transport layer via a solution process under ambient conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (38) ◽  
pp. 19294-19298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xichang Bao ◽  
Qianqian Zhu ◽  
Meng Qiu ◽  
Ailing Yang ◽  
Yujin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Hole Transport Layer ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Ito Glass

High-quality CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films were directly prepared on simple treated ITO glass in air under a relative humidity of lower than 30%.

A large grain size perovskite thin film with a dense structure for planar heterojunction solar cells via spray deposition under ambient conditions

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (74) ◽  
pp. 60562-60569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhurong Liang ◽  
Shaohong Zhang ◽  
Xueqing Xu ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Junxia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Dense Structure ◽  
Heterojunction Solar Cells ◽  
Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells ◽  
Planar Heterojunction

A facile spray deposition process was developed to prepare high-quality perovskite films with full surface coverage and large grain size.

Starter Kit for Electrochemical Sensors Based on Polythiophene Thin Films—Synthesis of High-Quality Films and Protocol for Fast and Gentle Electrode Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Franziska Verena Oberhaus ◽  
Dieter Frense
Keyword(s):  
Boron Trifluoride ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Working Solution ◽  
Lewis Acid Catalyst ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Deposited Films

Due to their unique properties, polythiophene and other conductive polymers have become the subject of intensive research and are promising substrate materials for innovative and trendsetting applications. To this day, boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) is the preferred solvent for the electropolymerization of thiophene, although it does not allow for reproducible film qualities due to its decomposition under ambient conditions. We therefore want to equip the reader with a starter kit for the electropolymerization of high-quality polythiophene films from stable solvents and a simple yet efficient method to remove the deposited films from the electrodes for their reuse. By drying the working solution prior to its utilization, and by adding a Lewis acid catalyst, films that display enhanced electron transfer and a smooth surface topography can be obtained, which can both be beneficial for the analytic performance of a subsequently built biosensor.

scholarly journals The tesseract in two dimensional materials, a DFT approach

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 8618-8627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Zhou ◽  
Guanglong Zhang ◽  
Fangyuan Xiu ◽  
Shuwei Xia ◽  
Liangmin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
2D Material ◽  
Two Dimensional Materials

The tesseract contained 2D material, C24Se12, is an effective molecular sieve with high selectivity to recover helium from natural gas under ambient conditions.

Nanocrystalline semiconductor LEDs with simple structure and high efficiency

2003 ◽  
Vol 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietrich Bertram ◽  
Volker Weiler ◽  
Dimitri Talapin ◽  
Horst Weller
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Semiconductor Nanoparticles ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Nanocrystalline Semiconductor

AbstractNanocrystalline semiconductor particles exhibit a size dependent bandgap emission, due to size quantisation effects. These particles are derived from solution chemistry and can be made monodisperse under the right synthesis conditions. Compared to organic materials, the inorganic nanoparticles show much higher stability against oxidation and degradation, which makes them an interesting candidate for LEDs and displays. So far, LEDs based on semiconductor nanoparticles typically included low stability organic materials to provide charge injection. The talk will present a new class of nanoparticle LEDs, made without sensitive organic materials. These LEDs show high efficiencies, well defined color throughout the red to green part of the visible spectrum and improved stability under ambient conditions without excessive encapsulation. Using high quality monodisperse suspensions, high color purity is achieved for the emission which paves the road to cheap, high quality displays based on inorganic semiconductor nanoparticles.

Model-Based Calibration of a Biogas Engine Control System

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Flory ◽  
Joel Hiltner ◽  
Clay Hardenburger
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Crank Angle ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission

Pipeline natural gas composition is monitored and controlled in order to deliver high quality, relatively consistent gas quality in terms of heating value and detonation characteristics to end users. The consistency of this fuel means gas-fired engines designed for electrical power generation (EPG) applications can be highly optimized. As new sources of high quality natural gas are found, the demand for these engines is growing. At the same time there is also an increasing need for EPG engines that can handle fuels that have wide swings in composition over a relatively short period of time. The application presented in this paper is an engine paired with an anaerobic digester that accepts an unpredictable and varying feedstock. As is typical in biogas applications, there are exhaust stream contaminants that preclude the use of an oxygen or NOx sensor for emissions feedback control. The difficulty with such a scenario is the ability to hold a given exhaust gas emission level as the fuel composition varies. One challenge is the design of the combustion system hardware. This design effort includes the proper selection of compression ratio, valve events, ignition timing, turbomachinery, etc. Often times simulation tools, such as a crank-angle resolved engine model, are used in the development of such systems in order to predict performance and reduce development time and hardware testing. The second challenge is the control system and how to implement a robust control capable of optimizing engine performance while maintaining emissions compliance. Currently there are limited options for an OEM control system capable of dealing with fuels that have wide swings in composition. Often times the solution for the engine packager is to adopt an aftermarket control system and apply this in place of the control system delivered on the engine. The disadvantage to this approach is that the aftermarket controller is not calibrated and so the packager is faced with the task of developing an entire engine calibration at a customer site. The controller must function well enough that it will run reliably during plant start-up and then eventually prove capable of holding emissions under typical operating conditions. This paper will describe the novel use of a crank-angle resolved four-stroke engine cycle model to develop an initial set of calibration values for an aftermarket control system. The paper will describe the plant operation, implementation of the aftermarket controller, the model-based calibration methodology and the commissioning of the engine.

Charge-Discharge Characteristics of an Adsorbed Natural Gas Storage System under Ambient Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 1448-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyabrato Sahoo ◽  
Maddali Ramgopal
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Conduction Model ◽  
Adsorbed Natural Gas ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Adsorbed Phase

The performance of an adsorbed natural gas (ANG) storage system with natural convection heat transfer between the ANG bed and the ambient air is studied. Results are obtained for the bed without and with external fins on ambient air side. A one dimensional transient conduction model with suitable kinetic equation is formulated to simulate the performance of the bed filled with a homogeneous mixture of activated carbon and graphite. The model duly considers non-ideal behaviour of natural gas, variable specific heat of the adsorbed phase and heat of adsorption. Results are obtained for the case of constant pressure charging and constant flow discharging. The performance of the ANG bed is evaluated in terms of delivery capacity and discharge time. Results are obtained at an ambient temperature of 308 K and 35 bar for a charging time of 3.34 min. It is found that under this condition, the bed temperature increases by 70 and 45K and the storage capacity reduces by 75 and 60% without and with external fins, respectively. During discharge also, due to insufficient heat supply the bed temperature drops to very a low value thereby increasing the amount of adsorbate retained at the end of discharge process. This study clearly shows the need for improving the heat transfer rate from or to the ANG bed for higher delivery capacity.

Secondary Fluids for GAX Absorption Heat Pump

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Anand ◽  
C. B. Panchal ◽  
D. C. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Pumping Power ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Absorption Heat Pump ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Secondary Fluid

The gas-fired Generator-Absorber heat eXchanger (GAX) heat pump is being considered for space conditioning in residential and light commercial applications. In order to meet the national building codes for ammonia absorption heat pumps, a secondary fluid is used to interface with the air-coils. Proper choice of a secondary fluid maximizes the economic advantage of the GAX heat pump. The secondary fluid transfers the heating and cooling loads from the absorption heat pump to and from outdoor and indoor air-coils. The physical properties of secondary fluids influence the heat transfer performance in the heat-exchange equipment and hence the effective lift, thereby determining the cycle coefficient of performance (COP). Additionally, the pumping power for each fluid varies depending on the density and viscosity at operating temperatures. The variation in cycle COP and pumping power as a result of fluid properties is ultimately manifested as changes in electric and natural-gas cost. An analysis was carried out to evaluate six secondary fluids for a GAX absorption heat pump. A performance model was developed to simulate the secondary-fluid flow loops and the absorption heat pump. The utility costs for heating and cooling were determined for a typical building. The effects of ambient conditions and local utility rates were determined by modeling the annual utility costs in four cities: Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York. These four cities provided wide variations in heating and cooling requirements, and utility rates for natural gas and electricity. The results from this study provide a basis for selecting secondary fluids for heat pumping in different locations.

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