Photocatalytic H2O Overall Splitting into H2 Bubbles by Single Atomic Sulfur Vacancy CdS with Spin Polarization Electric Field

ACS Nano ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiari He ◽  
Lijun Hu ◽  
Chengtian Shao ◽  
Shujuan Jiang ◽  
Chuanzhi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Spin Polarization ◽  
Sulfur Vacancy ◽  
Polarization Electric Field

Triggering photocatalytic activity of carbon dot-based nanocomposites by self-supplying peroxide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Cai ◽  
Qing Chang ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Caihong Hao ◽  
Jinlong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Catalytic Process ◽  
Charge Accumulation ◽  
Carbon Dot ◽  
Carrier Transfer ◽  
Polarization Electric Field

The photocatalyst performance highly relies on the quantity of carrier transfer from the bulk to surface during the catalytic process. However, the polarization electric field induced by charge accumulation at...

scholarly journals A thermodynamic approach to rate-type models in deformable ferroelectrics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Giorgi ◽  
Angelo Morro
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
Polarization Electric Field ◽  
Field Plane ◽  
Vector Valued ◽  
Rate Type ◽  
Hysteretic Properties

AbstractThe purpose of the paper is to establish vector-valued rate-type models for the hysteretic properties in deformable ferroelectrics within the framework of continuum thermodynamics. Unlike electroelasticity and piezoelectricity, in ferroelectricity both the polarization and the electric field are simultaneously independent variables so that the constitutive functions depend on both. This viewpoint is naturally related to the fact that an hysteresis loop is a closed curve in the polarization–electric field plane. For the sake of generality, the deformation of the material and the dependence on the temperature are allowed to occur. The constitutive functions are required to be consistent with the principle of objectivity and the second law of thermodynamics. Objectivity implies that the constitutive equations are form invariant within the set of Euclidean frames. Among other results, the second law requires a general property on the relation between the polarization and the electric field via a differential equation. This equation shows a dependence fully characterized by two quantities: the free energy and a function which is related to the dissipative character of the hysteresis. As a consequence, different hysteresis models may have the same free energy. Models compatible with thermodynamics are then determined by appropriate selections of the free energy and of the dissipative part. Correspondingly, major and minor hysteretic loops are plotted.

RESONANT SPIN POLARIZATION IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL HOLE GAS

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 1259-1270
Author(s):  
TIANXING MA
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Spin Polarization ◽  
Zeeman Splitting ◽  
Resonant Peak ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Structural Inversion ◽  
Inversion Asymmetry ◽  
Peak Increase ◽  
Luttinger Hamiltonian

Within the Luttinger Hamiltonian, electric-field-induced resonant spin polarization of a two-dimensional hole gas in a perpendicular magnetic field was studied. The spin polarization arising from splitting between the light and the heavy hole bands shows a resonant peak at a certain magnetic field. Especially, the competition between the Luttinger term and the structural inversion asymmetry leads to a rich resonant peaks structure, and the required magnetic field for the resonance may be effectively reduced by enlarging the effective width of the quantum well. Furthermore, the Zeeman splitting tends to move the resonant spin polarization to a relative high magnetic field and destroy these rich resonant spin phenomena. Finally, both the height and the weight of the resonant peak increase as the temperature decreases. It is believed that such resonant spin phenomena may be verified in the sample of a two-dimensional hole gas, and it may provide an efficient way to control spin polarization by an external electric field.

scholarly journals Effect of interchange instability on magnetic reconnection

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Lyatsky ◽  
M. L. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Buoyancy Force ◽  
Strong Turbulence ◽  
Polarization Electric Field ◽  
Interchange Instability ◽  
Reconnection Layer ◽  
Fast Reconnection

Abstract. We present here the results of a study of interacting magnetic fields that involves a force normal to the reconnection layer. In the presence of such force, the reconnection layer becomes unstable to interchange disturbances. The interchange instability results in formation of tongues of heated plasma that leaves the reconnection layer through its wide surface rather than through its narrow ends, as is the case in traditional magnetic reconnection models. This plasma flow out of the reconnection layer facilitates the removal of plasma from the layer and leads to fast reconnection. The proposed mechanism provides fast reconnection of interacting magnetic fields and does not depend on the thickness of the reconnection layer. This instability explains the strong turbulence and bidirectional streaming of plasma that is directed toward and away from the reconnection layer that is observed frequently above reconnection layers. The force normal to the reconnection layer also accelerates the removal of plasma islands appearing in the reconnection layer during turbulent reconnection. In the presence of this force normal to the reconnection layer, these islands are removed from the reconnection layer by the "buoyancy force", as happens in the case of interchange instability that arises due to the polarization electric field generated at the boundaries of the islands.

scholarly journals Current-Induced Spin Photocurrent in GaAs at Room Temperature

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Xiao-Lan Xue ◽  
Xiao-Lin Zeng ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Spin Polarization ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Polarization Direction ◽  
Applied Bias ◽  
Applied Bias Voltage ◽  
Sample Plane ◽  
Bulk Gaas ◽  
Circularly Polarized

Circularly polarized photocurrent, observed in p-doped bulk GaAs, varies nonlinearly with the applied bias voltage at room temperature. It has been explored that this phenomenon arises from the current-induced spin polarization in GaAs. In addition, we found that the current-induced spin polarization direction of p-doped bulk GaAs grown in the (001) direction lies in the sample plane and is perpendicular to the applied electric field, which is the same as that in GaAs quantum well. This research indicates that circularly polarized photocurrent is a new optical approach to investigate the current-induced spin polarization at room temperature.

scholarly journals Valley and spin polarization manipulated by electric field in magnetic silicene superlattice

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 086801
Author(s):  
Hou Hai-Yan ◽  
Yao Hui ◽  
Li Zhi-Jian ◽  
Nie Yi-Hang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Spin Polarization

Synergetic polarization effect of protonation and Fe-doping on g-C3N4 with enhanced photocatalytic activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaogang Liu ◽  
Wenjie Chen ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Zhengbo Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Polarization Effect ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Fe Doping ◽  
Polarization Electric Field ◽  
Local Polarization

The local polarization electric field resulting from protonation and Fe-doping in g-C3N4 can be formed, thus highly facilitating the separation and transport of charge carriers and boosting the photocatalytic activity.

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