Validity Issues in Cognitive-Behavioral Case Formulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory H. Mumma
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Causal Model ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Statistical Prediction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Case Formulation ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity

Despite considerable interest and growth in methods to develop or generate cognitive behavioral case formulations (CBCFs), relatively little conceptual and empirical work has focused on the validation or testing of these formulations. A case formulation can be regarded as an idiographic theory of the person and his or her life situation. This complex set of clinical judgments consists of a measurement model including the behavior problems or distress constructs and how they are measured; and a causal model involving variables such as thoughts or beliefs hypothesized to trigger and maintain this person’s distress or dysfunction. This article describes four types of validity issues in CBCF and how these validity issues can be evaluated using person-specific, intraindividual data collected daily or multiple times a day. Specific topics include the evaluation of content and construct (convergent and discriminant) validity for the measurement model, and the evaluation of predictive and treatment-related validity for the causal model. One goal of the person-specific evaluation of CBCF validity is to develop an intraindividual statistical prediction model that has the advantages of actuarial prediction yet is fine-grained and tailored to the specific issues and life circumstances of greatest relevance for a particular individual. Greater attention to evaluation of validity issues in CBCF is important for future research comparing formulation-based to manualized treatment. Implications and applications to clinical practice and training are discussed.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity Scale Among Iranian Cancer Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Pahlevan Sharif ◽  
Ong Fon Sim ◽  
Mozhgan Moshtagh ◽  
Navaz Naghavi ◽  
Hamid Sharif Nia
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Financial Toxicity ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Factor Measurement

Abstract Objective This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of financial toxicity (COST) scale in a sample of cancer patients in Iran. Methods A total of 398 cancer patients completed a demographic questionnaire and the 11-item Persian COST. Performing a Maximum likelihood exploratory factor analysis, extracted three factors of financial worry (four items), financial distress (three items) and direct and indirect cost of control (three items) accounting for 65.204% of the variance. The highest load was related to financial distress and the lowest was related to direct and indirect costs concerns. Results The results of conducting confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the three-factor measurement model had a good fit. Moreover, the measurement model showed good items consistency, good construct reliability, as well as good construct validity in terms of convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of validating the scale in different contexts as the structure and loadings of the factors have appeared diffidently in various countries. The validated Persian COST can be used in future studies in Iran as a reliable and valid scale to measure financial toxicity among cancer patients.

The Structure, Specificity, and Validity of Depression Symptoms

2017 ◽  
pp. 61-86
Author(s):  
David Watson ◽  
Michael W. O’Hara
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Comprehensive Measurement ◽  
Symptom Criteria

This chapter examines key symptom criteria of major depression. It begins by developing a comprehensive measurement model based on six symptom dimensions: dysphoria, lassitude, insomnia, suicidality, appetite loss, and appetite gain. It then demonstrates that these symptom dimensions are robust and show impressive convergent and discriminant validity across multiple methods (self-reports, clinicians’ ratings, interview assessments). Three types of symptoms—dysphoria, lassitude, and suicidality—exhibit strong criterion validity and significant specificity in relation to diagnoses of major depression. In contrast, symptoms of insomnia and appetite disturbance display unimpressive criterion validity and poor specificity. Moreover, these nonspecific symptoms provided little or no incremental information in logistic regression analyses. Taken together, these results suggest that the diagnosis of depression can be improved by focusing primarily on strong and specific symptoms (such as dysphoria and lassitude) and deemphasizing weak and nonspecific symptoms (i.e., insomnia and appetite disturbance).

scholarly journals Measurement Model and Adaptation of a Self-Efficacy Scale for Mathematics in University Students

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401989908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Beatriz Echeverría Castro ◽  
Mirsha Alicia Sotelo Castillo ◽  
Christian Oswaldo Acosta Quiroz ◽  
Laura Fernanda Barrera Hernández
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Analysis ◽  
Social Persuasion

The aim of the study was to adjust the measurement model of an instrument of sources of Self-efficacy for Mathematics to sample of university students from Northeast of Mexico and the sex measurement invariance. A second-order modeling was performed, which shows convergent and discriminant validity, which corresponds to the original Bandura theory of self-efficacy and contains four factors: experience in mastery, social persuasion, vicarious learning, and physiological state (emotional activation). There was adequate goodness of fit of the model in the confirmatory analysis. The advantages of the use of this instrument are discussed for its simplicity and ease of applications, qualification, and interpretation, to be used by teachers, tutors, and advisors of mathematics.

scholarly journals Further Validation of Workplace Spirituality Scale in an Eastern Context

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Workplace Spirituality ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Business And Management

Several scales for measuring workplace spirituality (WPS) are available. However, a majority of the available scales were developed in the Western context that may not be generalizable in an Eastern context. Petchsawang and Duchon (2009) developed a 22-item, four dimensional WPS scale with a sample from an Eastern Buddhist-centric culture for capturing WPS in an Eastern context. The purpose of this study was to assess the generalizability, dimensionality, and convergent and discriminant validity of this scale in another Eastern context, which has a strong tradition of Hindu culture. Confirmatory Factor Analyses were conducted on the data collected from 211 individuals, and results supported the four dimensions of the scale. Other statistical analyses demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity of the scale. Limitations of the study are highlighted, and suggestions for future research are discussed.Journal of Business and Management Studies Vol.1(1) 2016: 1-13

Measuring humility in musical contexts: Initial development of the Musical Humility Scale

2020 ◽  
pp. 030573561989641
Author(s):  
William J Coppola ◽  
Anita B Kumar ◽  
Joshua N Hook
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Model Building ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Musical Engagement ◽  
Testing Criteria

The purpose of this study was to construct and validate a psychometric measure of humility in musical contexts. Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) ( N = 423), we demonstrated initial evidence for the validity of a theoretical model of musical humility. We used CFA to test an a priori model building from prior research, which confirmed five factors: purposeful musical engagement and collaboration, other-orientedness, lack of superiority, acknowledgment of shortcomings and learnability, and healthy pride. The resulting Musical Humility Scale is comprised of 30 items that may be further tested alongside other psychometric batteries for investigating predictors and correlates of humility in musical participation. We offer limitations and directions for future research, including strategies for refining the testing criteria and suggestions for establishing convergent and discriminant validity.

Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Assessment Center Dimensions: A Conceptual and Empirical Reexamination of the Assessment Center Construct-Related Validity Paradox

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winfred Arthur ◽  
David J. Woehr ◽  
Robyn Maldegen
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Generalizability Theory ◽  
Assessment Center ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

This study notes that the lack of convergent and discriminant validity of assessment center ratings in the presence of content-related and criterion-related validity is paradoxical within a unitarian framework of validity. It also empirically demonstrates an application of generalizability theory to examining the convergent and discriminant validity of assessment center dimensional ratings. Generalizability analyses indicated that person, dimension, and person by dimension effects contribute large proportions of variance to the total variance in assessment center ratings. Alternately, exercise, rater, person by exercise, and dimension by exercise effects are shown to contribute little to the total variance. Correlational and confirmatory factor analyses results were consistent with the generalizability results. This provides strong evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity of the assessment center dimension ratings–a finding consistent with the conceptual underpinnings of the unitarian view of validity and inconsistent with previously reported results. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Running on empty

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 977-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Tan ◽  
Ximena B. Arriaga ◽  
Christopher R. Agnew
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Dependence Scale ◽  
Commitment Level

Commitment has often been used to examine why individuals unjustifiably persist in relationships that are lacking in or devoid of satisfaction. However, the practicality of using commitment to examine these situations has been questioned because of its substantial association with satisfaction. Across three studies, we created a measure of nonvoluntary dependence and investigated the validity and reliability of the Nonvoluntary Dependence Scale from an investment model perspective. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed evidence of a single factor and reliability analyses revealed good internal reliability for the measure. The new measure also evidenced desirable convergent and discriminant validity with respect to a number of existing individual- and relationship-level constructs. Consistent with hypotheses, nonvoluntary dependence was significantly associated with commitment level, investments, and alternatives but not with relationship satisfaction. Differences in nonvoluntary dependence were also found between individuals in aggressive versus nonaggressive relationships, with no differences found in commitment level. Implications regarding this new measure, as well as directions for future research, are discussed.

scholarly journals From Perceived Supervisor Social Power to Employee Commitment: Definition and Scale Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léandre Alexis Chénard-Poirier ◽  
Christian Vandenberghe ◽  
Alexandre J. S. Morin
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Future Research ◽  
English Canada ◽  
Affective Organizational Commitment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
French Canada ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity

It has been theoretically proposed that employees’ perceptions of their supervisor social power in the organization entail a potential to influence their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. However, no study has investigated such potential. This lack of research stems from the absence of a common understanding around the meaning of perceived supervisor social power (PSSP) and the absence of any validated measure. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to establish PSSP definition and to validate a five-item scale to measure this construct. Three studies encompassing four independent samples of employees from three different countries and three different languages (i.e., France, cross-sectional [Study 1, Sample 1], Canada, cross-sectional [Study 1, Sample 2: French Canada; Study 2: English Canada], Romania, two-wave data collection [Study 3]) were conducted to assess the validity of PSSP. Results showed that responses to the PSSP scale presented excellent psychometric properties (i.e., factor validity, reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity). Furthermore, the structure of the proposed five-item measure of PSSP was found to be invariant across four samples. Finally, PSSP nomological validity (i.e., integration into a nomological network) was assessed. Study 1 and Study 2 showed that PSSP was positively related to affective organizational commitment. All three studies showed that PSSP acted as a positive moderator of the relation between affective commitment to the supervisor and affective organizational commitment. Together, these studies support the psychometric soundness of the PSSP scale and presented the first evidence of its potential to influence followers. Implications of these findings for future research on supervisor social power are discussed.

scholarly journals Convergent and discriminant validity of psychiatric symptoms reported in The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study at age 3 years with independent clinical assessment in the Longitudinal ADHD Cohort Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Biele ◽  
Pål Zeiner ◽  
Heidi Aase
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Parent Questionnaires

Epidemiological studies often use parent questionnaires to assess children's development and mental health. To date, few studies have investigated the validity of parent questionnaires with standardized clinical assessments as criterion. The current study examines discriminant and convergent validity of parent questionnaires for symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiance Disorder (ODD), and Conduct Disorder (CD) as well as symptoms of Separation Anxiety employed in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study by using structured clinical interviews performed 5 months later in the Longitudinal ADHD Cohort Study as a criterion. The comparison of confirmatory factor analysis models and examination of factor correlations indicate convergent and discriminant validity of MoBa parent questionnaires for preschool children, especially for the assessment of ADHD and ODD/CD. Future research should attempt to further improve parent questionnaires, examine their validity in representative samples, and explicitly test their utility for screening.

The construct validity of Schein's career anchors orientation inventory

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nira Danziger ◽  
Dalia Rachman‐Moore ◽  
Rony Valency
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Career Anchors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Career Anchor ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Reliable Instrument

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test the construct validity of the measurement model of Schein's Career Orientation Inventory, where entrepreneurship and creativity constitute two separate constructs.Design/methodology/approachA fairly representative sample of 1,847 Israeli working adults completed Schein's Career Anchor Inventory (COI) questionnaire, which probes career anchor constructs through associated indicator items. The data were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis to compare the fit of the proposed nine‐construct model with that of Schein's eight‐construct model.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that: the proposed nine‐construct model of the COI, which distinguishes between Entrepreneurship and Creativity and designates each as a separate construct, yields a better fit than Schein's eight‐construct model; and the nine‐construct model has convergent and discriminant validity and unidimensionality.Originality/valueThe study's contributions are threefold: first, it generally supports Schein's Career Anchor Theory, yet with nine anchors rather than with the original eight; second, it confirms the distinction between entrepreneurship and creativity; and third, it highlights the need to rephrase several existing items, and add new ones. The suggested changes and the conceptual framework of the nine‐anchor model will make the COI a more valid and reliable instrument, both for theory‐building and for practical and diagnostic use by career counselors.

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