scholarly journals Dissociating stimulus-set and response-set in the context of task-set switching.

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 700-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Kieffaber ◽  
John K. Kruschke ◽  
Raymond Y. Cho ◽  
Philip M. Walker ◽  
William P. Hetrick
Keyword(s):  
Task Set ◽  
Stimulus Set ◽  
Set Switching ◽  
Response Set

A Review of the Role of Cue Processing in Task Switching

2013 ◽  
Vol 221 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Jost ◽  
Wouter De Baene ◽  
Iring Koch ◽  
Marcel Brass
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Task Switch ◽  
Task Set ◽  
Switch Costs ◽  
Set Switching ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
Cue Encoding ◽  
Cue Processing

The role of cue processing has become a controversial topic in research on cognitive control using task-switching procedures. Some authors suggested a priming account to explain switch costs as a form of encoding benefit when the cue from the previous trial is repeated and hence challenged theories that attribute task-switch costs to task-set (re)configuration. A rich body of empirical evidence has evolved that indeed shows that cue-encoding repetition priming is an important component in task switching. However, these studies also demonstrate that there are usually substantial “true” task-switch costs. Here, we review this behavioral, electrophysiological, and brain imaging evidence. Moreover, we describe alternative approaches to the explicit task-cuing procedure, such as the usage of transition cues or the task-span procedure. In addition, we address issues related to the type of cue, such as cue transparency. We also discuss methodological and theoretical implications and argue that the explicit task-cuing procedure is suitable to address issues of cognitive control and task-set switching.

scholarly journals Shifting and stopping: fronto-striatal substrates, neurochemical modulation and clinical implications

2007 ◽  
Vol 362 (1481) ◽  
pp. 917-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.W Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Task Set ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Set Switching ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Stop Signal Reaction Time ◽  
Neuropsychological Investigation ◽  
The Right

The neuropsychological basis of attentional set-shifting, task-set switching and stop-signal inhibition is reviewed through comparative studies of humans and experimental animals. Using human functional neuroimaging, plus neuropsychological investigation of patients with frontal damage quantified by structural magnetic resonance imaging, and through parallels with effects of specific lesions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum in rats and marmosets, it is possible to define both distinct and overlapping loci for tasks such as extra-dimensional shifting and reversal learning, stop-signal reaction time and task-set switching. Notably, most of the paradigms implicate a locus in the right PFC, specifically the right inferior frontal gyrus, possibly associated with processes of response inhibition. The neurochemical modulation of fronto-striatal circuitry in parallel with effects on task performance has been investigated using specific neuropharmacological agents in animals and by human psychopharmacological investigations, sometimes in conjunction with functional imaging. Evidence is provided for double dissociations of effects of manipulations of prefrontal cortical catecholamine and indoleamine (5-HT) systems that have considerable implications in the treatment of disorders such as Parkinson's disease, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and depression, as well as in theoretical notions of how ‘fronto-executive’ functions are subject to state-dependent influences, probably related to stress, arousal and motivation.

scholarly journals Reconciling the influence of task-set switching and motor inhibition processes on stop signal after-effects

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin A. Anguera ◽  
Kyle Lyman ◽  
Theodore P. Zanto ◽  
Jacob Bollinger ◽  
Adam Gazzaley
Keyword(s):  
Stop Signal ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
Task Set ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Set Switching

Short Article: Inhibition of irrelevant category–response mappings

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 1629-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryl W. Schneider ◽  
Frederick Verbruggen
Keyword(s):  
Memory Load ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Task Set ◽  
Response Sets ◽  
Response Set ◽  
Mapping Condition

When switching tasks, performance tends to be worse for n – 2 repetitions than with n – 2 switches. This n – 2 repetition cost has been hypothesized to reflect task-set inhibition: specifically, inhibition of irrelevant category–response mappings involved in response selection. This hypothesis leads to divergent predictions for situations in which all tasks involve the same stimulus categories: An n – 2 repetition cost is predicted when response sets differ across tasks, but not when the response set stays the same. The authors tested these predictions by having subjects perform relative judgements with different reference points. In Experiment 1, the stimulus categories were the same across reference points, but the response set either differed or stayed the same (the multiple- and single-mapping conditions, respectively). An n – 2 repetition cost was found in the multiple-mapping condition but not in the single-mapping condition. Experiment 2 provided evidence against the possibility that these divergent effects reflected differences in memory load. These findings confirm predictions that link n – 2 repetition costs to inhibition of irrelevant category–response mappings.

scholarly journals Stimulus set and response set in task switching: A comparison using ERP

2008 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Umebayashi ◽  
Tsunetaka Okita
Keyword(s):  
Task Switching ◽  
Stimulus Set ◽  
Response Set
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