Neural System Interactions Within the Context of Learning and Memory: Interaction Between Prefrontal Cortex and Striatal Circuitry in Facilitation of Strategy Switching

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Ragozzino
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Context Of Learning

Emotion-Based Decision Making in schizophrenia: evidence from the Iowa Gambling Task

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Bellani ◽  
Luisa Tomelleri ◽  
Paolo Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Social Conduct ◽  
Contextual Stimuli

The decision making can be defined as the mental process in which a “choice is made after reflecting on the consequences of that choice” (Bechara & Van Der Linden, 2005; Bechara et al., 1997). It is a complex process that involves cognitive as well as emotion-based functions. In fact human beings make fast adaptive decisions in daily life, and that is based on the skill to relate emotion to contextual stimuli in order to anticipate outcomes through activation of emotional states (Bechara et al., 2005). In this regard, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) has been widely recognized to play a key role in the emotional decision making process. The VMPFC includes the medial part of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the more ventral sectors of the medial prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex (Bechara et al., 1997). In particular the OFC, within the VMPFC, is part of a neural system underpinning decision-making and reward-related behaviours which are thought to be linked to social conduct (Rolls, 2000).

scholarly journals Relationship between the LHPP Gene Polymorphism and Resting-State Brain Activity in Major Depressive Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Cui ◽  
Xiaohong Gong ◽  
Yanqing Tang ◽  
Lingtao Kong ◽  
Miao Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Major Depressive

A single-nucleotide polymorphism at the LHPP gene (rs35936514) has been reported in genome-wide association studies to be associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the neural system effects of rs35936514 that mediate the association are unknown. The present work explores whether the LHPP rs35936514 polymorphism moderates brain regional activity in MDD. A total of 160 subjects were studied: a CC group homozygous for the C allele (23 individuals with MDD and 57 controls) and a T-carrier group carrying the high risk T allele (CT/TT genotypes; 22 MDD and 58 controls). All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scanning. Brain activity was assessed using the amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF). MDD patients showed a significant increased ALFF in the left middle temporal gyrus and occipital cortex. The T-carrier group showed increased ALFF in the left superior temporal gyrus. Significant diagnosis × genotype interaction was noted in the bilateral lingual gyri, bilateral dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (P<0.05, corrected). Results demonstrated that MDD patients with LHPP rs35936514 CT/TT genotype may influence the regional brain activity. These findings implicate the effects of the rs35936514 variation on the neural system in MDD.

scholarly journals The neural system of metacognition accompanying decision-making in the prefrontal cortex

PLoS Biology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e2004037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lirong Qiu ◽  
Jie Su ◽  
Yinmei Ni ◽  
Yang Bai ◽  
Xuesong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Neural System

scholarly journals Theta oscillations in the prefrontal-hippocampal circuit do not couple to respiration-related oscillations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunandha Srikanth ◽  
Dylan Le ◽  
Yudi Hu ◽  
Jill K Leutgeb ◽  
Stefan Leutgeb
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Low Coherence ◽  
Theta Frequency ◽  
Neural Computations

Oscillatory activity is thought to coordinate neural computations across brain regions, and theta oscillations are critical for learning and memory. Because the frequency of respiratory-related oscillations (RROs) in rodents can overlap with the frequency of theta in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus, we asked whether odor-cued working memory may be supported by coupling between these two oscillations. We first confirmed that RROs are propagated to the hippocampus and PFC and that RRO frequency overlaps with canonical theta frequency. However, we found low coherence between RROs and local theta oscillations in the hippocampus-PFC network when the two types of oscillations overlapped in frequency. This effect was observed during all behavioral phases including during movement and while odors were actively sampled when stationary. Despite the similarity in frequency, RROs and theta oscillations therefore appear to be limited to supporting computation in distinct networks, which suggests that sustained long-range coordination between oscillation patterns that depend on separate pacemakers is not necessary to support at least one type of working memory.

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