The Norm, the Act and the Object of Crime as Bases for the Classification of Criminal Behavior

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlomo Shoham
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Object Of Crime

Digital Detection of Suspicious Behavior With Gesture Recognition and Patterns Using Assisted Learning Algorithms

2020 ◽  
pp. 150-179
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Ochoa Guevara ◽  
Andres Esteban Puerto Lara ◽  
Nelson F. Rosas Jimenez ◽  
Wilmar Calderón Torres ◽  
Laura M. Grisales García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Gesture Recognition ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Classification Techniques ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Digital Detection ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Prototype Phase

This chapter presents a study to identify with classification techniques and digital recognition through the construction of a prototype phase that predicts criminal behavior detected in video cameras obtained from a free platform called MOTChallenge. The qualitative and descriptive approach, which starts from individual attitudes, expresses a person in his expression, anxiety, fear, anger, sadness, and neutrality through data collection and feeding of some algorithms for assisted learning. This prototype begins with a degree higher than 40% on a scale of 1-100 of a person suspected, subjected to a two- and three-iterations training parameterized into four categories—hood, helmet, hat, anxiety, and neutrality—where through orange and green boxes it is signaled at the time of the detection and classification of a possible suspect, with a stability of the 87.33% and reliability of the 96.25% in storing information for traceability and future use.

scholarly journals Recognition of Unlawful Behavior of Unknown Persons Inclined to Committing Offenses in Social Isolation Places

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Kaluzhina ◽  
Boris Spasennikov ◽  
Alina Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Abstract Model ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Institutional Control ◽  
Current State ◽  
Modeling And Forecasting ◽  
Definition Of

Based on the analysis of the current state of the penal system, the article analyzes present-day approaches in the system of tools for understanding unlawful manifestations of pre-criminal behavior in places of social isolation. It states the importance of traditional methods of operational and investigative diagnostics and operational and investigative identification in obtaining primary information regarding the objects of operational interest. According to the criteria of the criminal encroachment object and the degree of importance of the relations protected by the criminal law, which could be damaged if an offense is committed in terms of social isolation, the article carries out an analysis and offers a classification of the objects that need to be monitored by the operational and institutional control. The article analyses the possibilities of specific characteristics of the digital environment, innovative modeling and forecasting methods that underlie the construction of an abstract model of pre-criminal behavior. On the basis of a comparative analysis of working with the big data, it substantiates the necessity of integrating the existing types of recordings into an entire system. It emphasizes the importance of criminological knowledge in the technology of operational recognition and formulates the definition of recognition of unlawful behavior of an unidentified person in places of social isolation.

Recidivism, Crime, and Delinquency: A Psychoanalyst's Perspective

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-104
Author(s):  
Eugene H. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Traumatized Children ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Crime And Delinquency ◽  
Individual Outcome ◽  
Multiproblem Families

A comprehensive review of the subject of recidivism is presented. It is found that sociological and simplistic psychological theories of crime and delinquency fail to explain variation in individual outcome under similar social conditions. It seems that severely deprived and traumatized children from disorganized multiproblem families commonly develop ego pathology typical of the borderline disorders, and contribute disproportionately to the numbers of recidivist delinquents. In a classification of adult criminal behavior based on the nature and severity of disturbances in the three mental agencies, it is found that the less the ego pathology, the more is criminal behavior attributable to disturbances of superego development.

Stalking: Classification and Typology

Stalking ◽  
2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra A. Pinals
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Treatment Considerations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Given

Stalking, as currently conceptualized, is a complex phenomenon, and individual stalking cases can be quite distinct. Several authors have proposed classification schemes in an effort to discern and understand common themes among cases of stalking. These stalking “typologies” reflect both theoretical considerations and empirical examinations of persons whose behaviors have shaped the definition of stalking. Typologies have been constructed from clinical and law enforcement perspectives. Classification schemes to date have been broadly based on factors such as the motivation of the stalker, psychiatric symptoms among stalkers, the nature of the relationship between the pursuer and the victim, victim characteristics, and harm to the victim. These classifications have been conceptualized to assist with risk assessment, risk management, and treatment considerations in stalking cases. This chapter describes some historical underpinnings of classification categories, compares existing typologies of stalkers, and explicates the typological scheme adopted throughout this book. Over the last 15 years, stalking has become increasingly recognized as a distinctive form of potentially criminal behavior that may come to the attention of mental health professionals. At the same time that the criminal justice system has grappled with defining stalking for legal purposes, clinicians who encounter stalking behavior have attempted to create useful classifications of stalking behaviors. Attempts have also been made to develop taxonomies of stalking types that might guide law enforcement professionals. Taxonomic classifications are common in science and, when they are successful, they help us organize and identify unique aspects of information and refine our understanding of the given phenomenon under study. Setting up a system of classification of stalking, a behavior that is difficult to define and codify, has several advantages. Once established, a useful taxonomy of stalkers could improve communication among professionals and could help them better appreciate aspects of stalking, including the natural course of the behavior and prognosis of particular stalkers. In addition, taxonomic categorization can facilitate case comparisons and improve clinicians’ abilities to assess risks, manage risks, and provide treatment. Stalking typologies may also enlighten decisions about social policy and legal regulation related to the phenomenon.

scholarly journals Epistemological Substantiation of Crime Determinism

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Igor Alekseevich Burmistrov ◽  
Liliya Vladimirovna Glazkova
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
Causes Of Crime

In the context of aggravation of social processes in the country and the growth of crime, this article substantiates the study of the causes of crime as a landmark and popular research process, in relation to existing changes in society. Currently, the study of the causes of crime despite the numerous studies on this topic is still in demand and relevant. Changing the types of criminal groups, methods of criminal behavior, socio-economic conditions entails a constant need to improve the theoretical basis of the fight against crime, one of the main places in which, of course, plays criminology. The authors investigate the causes and factors contributing to the emergence and spread of crime, analyze different approaches to the classification of the causes of crime. It is emphasized that studying the causes of crime, we always focus on cause-and-effect relationships. But to absolutize it in any case it is impossible. This can lead to the isolation of individual phenomena, to the separation from their relations with other phenomena. It is proved that in the study of crime it is necessary to take into account both its causes and conditions, which together are denoted by the term “determination of crime”. The authors come to the conclusion that “determination” plays a fundamental role in philosophical knowledge of the world. It means that all real processes (both natural and social) arise and develop naturally, because they are caused by certain reasons. If there is a phenomenon that has led to another phenomenon, the first is called a cause and the second is a consequence. The reasons are not any, but quite certain, the corresponding consequences

scholarly journals Use of Correlation Dependencies between Criminals' and Victims' Personalities in Establishing the Circumstances of the Encroachment on Personal Freedom

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
A. N. Kalyuzhnyy
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Interconnected System ◽  
Personal Freedom ◽  
Court Practice

The forensic characteristics of crimes form a relatively stable, interconnected system. The presence of one of its elements makes it possible to state the presence of another one. This necessitates the study on correlation relationships between the elements. The analysis of the data on forensic characteristics of encroachment on personal freedom revealed that between victims and criminals there are specific relationships that form significant circumstances for the investigation of these crimes. It is substantiated that data on the identity of the victim of encroachment on personal freedom are the motivational basis for the commission of the investigated crimes, determining the mechanism of criminal behavior of the perpetrators. The author gives classification of victims of the analyzed crimes: those involving the exploitation of victims and not involving exploitation of the victims. Sociodemographic, moral, psychological and biological traits of victims’ personality distinctive of each of the identified groups are substantiated. The classification of the personality traits of criminals encroaching on personal freedom, i.e. “captors,” “slave owners,” and “imprisoners,” is given; the qualitative uniqueness of the personality traits of each group is investigated. To justify the correlation dependencies of criminals and victims, the materials of court practice are analyzed, conclusions are drawn and the results of the study are summarized.

Note on the spectral classification of carbon stars in the photographic infrared region

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Y. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Region ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Carbon Stars

We have investigated the spectrograms (dispersion: 8Å/mm) in the photographic infrared region fromλ7500 toλ9000 of some carbon stars obtained by the coudé spectrograph of the 74-inch reflector attached to the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. The names of the stars investigated are listed in Table 1.

Diagnostic Value of Electron Microscopy in Soft Tissue Tumors

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Gerald Fine ◽  
Azorides R. Morales
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Myxoma ◽  
Osteogenic Sarcoma ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Amelanotic Melanoma ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Good Agreement

For years the separation of carcinoma and sarcoma and the subclassification of sarcomas has been based on the appearance of the tumor cells and their microscopic growth pattern and information derived from certain histochemical and special stains. Although this method of study has produced good agreement among pathologists in the separation of carcinoma from sarcoma, it has given less uniform results in the subclassification of sarcomas. There remain examples of neoplasms of different histogenesis, the classification of which is questionable because of similar cytologic and growth patterns at the light microscopic level; i.e. amelanotic melanoma versus carcinoma and occasionally sarcoma, sarcomas with an epithelial pattern of growth simulating carcinoma, histologically similar mesenchymal tumors of different histogenesis (histiocytoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma, lytic osteogenic sarcoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma), and myxomatous mesenchymal tumors of diverse histogenesis (myxoid rhabdo and liposarcomas, cardiac myxoma, myxoid neurofibroma, etc.)

Ultrastructure of mesotheliomas

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Irving Dardick
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Spindle Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation

With the extensive industrial use of asbestos in this century and the long latent period (20-50 years) between exposure and tumor presentation, the incidence of malignant mesothelioma is now increasing. Thus, surgical pathologists are more frequently faced with the dilemma of differentiating mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinoma and spindle-cell sarcoma involving serosal surfaces. Electron microscopy is amodality useful in clarifying this problem.In utilizing ultrastructural features in the diagnosis of mesothelioma, it is essential to appreciate that the classification of this tumor reflects a variety of morphologic forms of differing biologic behavior (Table 1). Furthermore, with the variable histology and degree of differentiation in mesotheliomas it might be expected that the ultrastructure of such tumors also reflects a range of cytological features. Such is the case.

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