Alternatives to mentoring: Leadership, substitutes for leadership, and career management

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinta Byrne ◽  
Bryan J. Dik ◽  
Dan Chiaburu
1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 1215-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry L. Childers ◽  
Alan J. Dubinsky ◽  
Esra Gencturk

Researchers in organizational behavior posit that supervisors can influence subordinates' affective and behavioral responses. Certain individual, task, and organizational characteristics, however, may serve to substitute for, neutralize, or supplement a manager's influence on employees' job responses: these characteristics are referred to as “substitutes for leadership.” This paper summarizes the results of an empirical analysis of the psychometric properties of an instrument designed to measure leadership substitutes.


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