Thought disorder symptoms at intake moderate change during psychotherapy

BackgroundBoth language and music are thought to have evolved from a musical protolanguage that communicated social information, including emotion. Individuals with perceptual music disorders (amusia) show deficits in auditory emotion recognition (AER). Although auditory perceptual deficits have been studied in schizophrenia, their relationship with musical/protolinguistic competence has not previously been assessed.MethodMusical ability was assessed in 31 schizophrenia/schizo-affective patients and 44 healthy controls using the Montreal Battery for Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA). AER was assessed using a novel battery in which actors provided portrayals of five separate emotions. The Disorganization factor of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used as a proxy for language/thought disorder and the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used to assess cognition.ResultsHighly significant deficits were seen between patients and controls across auditory tasks (p < 0.001). Moreover, significant differences were seen in AER between the amusia and intact music-perceiving groups, which remained significant after controlling for group status and education. Correlations with AER were specific to the melody domain, and correlations between protolanguage (melody domain) and language were independent of overall cognition.DiscussionThis is the first study to document a specific relationship between amusia, AER and thought disorder, suggesting a shared linguistic/protolinguistic impairment. Once amusia was considered, other cognitive factors were no longer significant predictors of AER, suggesting that musical ability in general and melodic discrimination ability in particular may be crucial targets for treatment development and cognitive remediation in schizophrenia.

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Differential characterization of stress sensitivity and its main control mechanism in deep pore-fracture clastic reservoirs

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86444-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Denglin Han ◽

Huachao Wang ◽

Chenchen Wang ◽

Wenfang Yuan ◽

Juan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Evaluation Method ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Rapid Change ◽

Stress Sensitivity ◽

Irreversible Damage ◽

Tectonic Zone ◽

Oil And Gas Fields ◽

Moderate Change ◽

Sample Measurement ◽

Gas Fields

AbstractStress sensitivity in reservoirs is critical during the exploitation of oil and gas fields. As a deep clastic reservoir under strong tectonic compression, the Ahe Formation in the northern tectonic zone of the Kuqa depression exhibited strong stress sensitivity effect. However, the conventional evaluation method by using permeability damage rate as a constraint restricts the mechanistic understanding of the strong stress sensitivity effect. In this study, morphology of stress sensitivity test curve, coupled with rate change of permeability and extent of irreversible damage in actual sample measurement through micro-CT in-situ scanning, is used to characterize differentially. The strong stress sensitivity effects of the studied intervals can be divided into three types: (1) rapid change in permeability–weak irreversible damage, (2) moderate change in permeability–strong irreversible damage and (3) moderate change in permeability–moderate irreversible damage. The strong stress sensitivity is caused by the micro-pores and micro-fractures, which are widely developed in the studied reservoir. The mechanisms caused by the two types of pore are different. The stress sensitivity effects in micro-fracture-rich reservoirs are characterized by rapid change in permeability and weak irreversible damage. Meanwhile, the stress sensitivity effects in micro-pore-rich reservoirs are manifested as moderate change in permeability and strong irreversible damage. The study shows that the differences in the content of micro-pores and micro-fractures and their reverse mechanisms of stress sensitivity co-create different types of stress sensitivity within the samples. Accordingly, the differences of the stress sensitivity type in macroscopic samples are caused by the competition between the microscopic differences of pore types.

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Objective Measures of Thinking Integrated with Psychiatric Symptoms

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1965.16.2.539 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 539-546 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. J. Craig

Keyword(s):

Principal Components ◽

Concept Formation ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Thought Disorder ◽

Objective Measures ◽

Curvilinear Relationship ◽

Factor Scores

Considering (1) overinclusion to be related to symptoms of paranoia, delusions, thought-disorder, and ideas of reference, and (2) retardation of speed to be related to depression and slowness, scores for 66 patients were examined on 11 tests of these dimensions. Thirty-eight variables in rotated principal components gave these factors: (a) overinclusion, (b) poor concept formation, and (c) conceptual retardation. The overinclusion hypothesis was confirmed except for ideas of reference. Overinclusion and retardation defined as symptom entities provided better differentiation on factor scores than did the diagnoses of schizophrenia and depression. It was proposed that generalization and mental speed have a curvilinear relationship in which the extremes are directly related to symptoms of disordered thinking and depression.

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Formal thought disorder in first-episode psychosis

Comprehensive Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.08.005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 70 ◽

pp. 209-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ahmet Ayer ◽

Berna Yalınçetin ◽

Esra Aydınlı ◽

Şilay Sevilmiş ◽

Halis Ulaş ◽

...

Keyword(s):

First Episode Psychosis ◽

Thought Disorder ◽

First Episode ◽

Formal Thought Disorder ◽

Episode Psychosis

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The type—token ratio in schizophrenic disorders: clinical and research value

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700003159 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 151-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Theo C. Manschreck ◽

Brendan A. Maher ◽

Toni M. Hoover ◽

Donna Ames

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Spoken Language ◽

Thought Disorder ◽

Clinical Value ◽

Clinical Sensitivity ◽

Normal Controls

SynopsisPrior research has indicated that the type-token ratio (TTR), a measure of repetition in language, correlates with clinical judgements of thought disorder when spoken language was examined, and differentiates statistically thought-disordered from non-thought-disordered schizophrenics and psychiatric and normal controls. We replicated this finding and examined the clinical sensitivity and specificity of the TTR measure in the diagnosis and in the assessment of thought disorder. The current clinical value of the TTR is limited, but further investigations of the nature of repetition in schizophrenic language are warranted.

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Language Dysfunction in Schizophrenia

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.139.6.519 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 139 (6) ◽

pp. 519-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Raymond Faber ◽

Michele Bierenbaum Reichstein

Keyword(s):

Language Comprehension ◽

Picture Naming ◽

Language Disorders ◽

Thought Disorder ◽

Formal Thought Disorder ◽

Token Test ◽

Naming Test ◽

Normal Controls

SummarySimilarities between language disorders in aphasia and formal thought disorder in schizophrenia are explored in 24 schizophrenic, 5 manic and 5 depressed psychiatric in-patients, and 28 normal controls. Eight sub-tests from the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, a picture naming test and the Token Test were administered. Schizophrenics with formal thought disorder showed significant abnormalities compared to all other groups, particularly on the Token Test and the repetition of phrases test. These deficits are suggestive of language comprehension and repetition dysfunctions in a substantial minority of rigorously defined schizophrenics.

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