Objective Measures of Thinking Integrated with Psychiatric Symptoms

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Factor Scores

Considering (1) overinclusion to be related to symptoms of paranoia, delusions, thought-disorder, and ideas of reference, and (2) retardation of speed to be related to depression and slowness, scores for 66 patients were examined on 11 tests of these dimensions. Thirty-eight variables in rotated principal components gave these factors: (a) overinclusion, (b) poor concept formation, and (c) conceptual retardation. The overinclusion hypothesis was confirmed except for ideas of reference. Overinclusion and retardation defined as symptom entities provided better differentiation on factor scores than did the diagnoses of schizophrenia and depression. It was proposed that generalization and mental speed have a curvilinear relationship in which the extremes are directly related to symptoms of disordered thinking and depression.

Relationship of Religiosity to Death Anxiety of Middle-Aged Males

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Downey
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Probability Sample ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of

The purpose of this study was to determine how religiosity was related to death anxiety among a group of middle-aged men. A non-probability sample of 237 male volunteers between the ages of 40 and 59 yr. of whom 88.7% were engaged in professional occupations completed a questionnaire composed of various research instruments. A single composite score for religiosity was obtained through a principal-components analysis of 13 items selected, adjusted, and compiled by Downey (1980) from various religiosity scales. Boyar's Fear of Death Scale assessed death anxiety, while “experience of death” was measured by three items and was utilized as a control variable in determining the association between religiosity and death anxiety. Analysis indicated that “experience of death” or the amount of contact the male has had with death was not related to death anxiety. Data did not support the prediction that those males who were less religious would exhibit higher scores on death anxiety than would those men who were more religious. Further analyses demonstrated a curvilinear relationship between religiosity and death anxiety. The middle-aged men who were moderately religious evidenced a significantly higher fear of death than the men who were either low or high in religiosity.

scholarly journals Multiple-time measurements of multidimensional psychiatric states from immediately before the COVID-19 pandemic to one year later: A longitudinal online survey of the Japanese population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiki Oka ◽  
Takatomi Kubo ◽  
Nao Kobayashi ◽  
Fumiya Nakai ◽  
Yuka Miyake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly affected the mental health of both infected and uninfected people. Although most psychiatric disorders have highly overlapping genetic and pathogenic backgrounds, most studies investigating the impact of the pandemic have examined only single psychiatric disorders. It is necessary to examine longitudinal trajectories of factors that modulate psychiatric states across multiple dimensions. 2274 Japanese citizens participated in online surveys presented in December 2019 (before the pandemic), August 2020, Dec 2020, and April 2021. These surveys included nine questionnaires on psychiatric symptoms, such as depression and anxiety. Multi-dimensional psychiatric time series data were then decomposed into four principal components. We used generalized linear models to identify modulating factors for effects of the pandemic on these components. The four principal components can be interpreted as general psychiatric burden, social withdrawal, alcohol-related problems, and depression/anxiety. Principal components associated with general psychiatric burden and depression/anxiety peaked during the initial phase of the pandemic. They were further exacerbated by the economic burden of the pandemic. In contrast, principal components associated with social withdrawal showed a delayed peak, with human relationships as an important risk modulating factor. In addition, being elderly and female were risk factors shared across all components. Our results show that COVID-19 has imposed a large and varied burden on the Japanese population since the commencement of the pandemic. Although components related to the general psychiatric burden remained elevated, peak intensities differed between components related to depression/anxiety and those related to social anxiety. These results underline the importance of using flexible monitoring and mitigation strategies for mental problems, according to the phase of the pandemic.

Microgeographic genetic variation of Sitka spruce in southeastern Alaska

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1004-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. Campbell ◽  
William A. Pawuk ◽  
Arland S. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Additive Genetic Variation

Microgeographic genetic variation among populations of Sitka spruce on Mitkof Island in southeastern Alaska is described. In two common-garden environments, we evaluated genotypes of 208 parent trees from 114 locations in a 17 000-ha area. Two principal components accounted for most of the variation among locations in 11 traits measured to evaluate growth vigor and rhythm of 2-year-old seedlings. Regression analyses of factor scores derived from principal components revealed genetic gradients associated with elevation, slope, aspect, and west–east and north–south direction. Large amounts of additive genetic variation in factor scores occurred among trees within locations. When this variation within locations was used as a scale, variation among locations was also large. In an extreme case, locations differed in factor scores of the first principal component by about 3.0 units of the standard deviation of additive genetic variation in factor scores. Of the total differentiation in this case, elevational range (600 m) contributed 0.7 units of standard deviation, aspect contributed 0.9 units, and distance (16 km) from north central to southeastern parts of the island contributed 1.4 units.

An Experimental Study of Schizophrenic Thought Disorder

1959 ◽  
Vol 105 (440) ◽  
pp. 627-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Payne ◽  
P. Mattussek ◽  
E. I. George
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Kurt Goldstein

For many years, schizophrenic thought disorder has been regarded as being due to an abnormality of concept formation of some sort. However, there has not been general agreement about the nature of this abnormality. Kurt Goldstein and his followers (9, 32, 33) have argued that schizophrenics are abnormally “concrete”. That is to say, they are unable to perform inductive reasoning, since they are unable to make an abstract generalization. Norman Cameron (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19) on the other hand argues that in one sense at least, schizophrenic concepts are over-generalized. He believes that the concepts formed by schizophrenics are “over-inclusive”. They are unable to maintain the normal conceptual boundaries, and incorporate into their concept elements (some of them personal) which are merely associated with the concept, but are not an essential part of it. This makes their thinking both over-general, and less precise than normal. A large number of studies have been carried out to test both these hypotheses.

scholarly journals Principal components analysis of a large cohort with Tourette syndrome

2008 ◽  
Vol 193 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. Robertson ◽  
Robert R. Althoff ◽  
Adam Hafez ◽  
David L. Pauls
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Unitary Condition ◽  
Motor Tics

BackgroundTourette syndrome is a heterogeneous familial disorder for which the genetic mechanisms are unknown. A better characterisation of the phenotype may help identify susceptibility genesAimsTo extend previous factor-analytic studies of the syndromeMethodSymptom data from 410 people with Tourette syndrome were included in agglomerative hierarchical cluster and principal components analysesResultsFive factors were observed, characterised by: (1) socially inappropriate behaviours and other complex vocal tics; (2) complex motor tics; (3) simple tics; (4) compulsive behaviours; and (5) touching self. Individuals with co-occurring attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder had significantly higher factor scores on Factors 1 and 3, whereas individuals with co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder and behaviours had significantly higher factor scores for Factors 1–4ConclusionsThese findings add to the growing body of evidence that Tourette syndrome is not a unitary condition and can be disaggregated into more homogeneous symptom components

scholarly journals The identification and perceived importance of dimensions of managerial success for different levels of management

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Loubser ◽  
L. C. De Jager
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Managerial Success ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Multiple Analysis

Dimensions or factors related to managerial success were identified from the literature and a list of 78 generic dimensions compiled. These dimensions were rated in terms of their relative importance for every level of management by 241 managers on junior, middle and senior levels. A principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation was performed on the data and nine factors or clusters of dimensions were extracted. The resulting factor scores were then subjected to a multiple analysis of variance. Results indicate that the importance of these factors differ significantly across the three levels of management. The implications of the findings are discussed in both theoretical and practical terms. Opsomming Dimensies of faktore wat met bestuursukses verband hou is uit die literatuur gei'dentifiseer en 'n lys van 78 generiese dimensies is saamgestel. Hierdie dimensies se relatiewe belangrikheid vir eike bestuursvlak is deur 241 bestuurders op junior, middel en senior vlak beoordeel. 'n Hoofkomponent faktorontleding met varimax rotasie is op die data uitgevoer en nege faktore of groepe dimensies is onttrek. Die resulterende faktortellings is daarna aan 'n meervoudige analise van variansie onderwerp. Resultate dui daarop dat die belangrikheid van hierdie faktore beduidend verskil oor die verskillende bestuursvlakke. Die implikasies van die bevindinge word in beide teoretiese en praktiese terme bespreek.

Children's Fears: A Survey of Italian Children Ages 6 to 10 Years

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 971-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Salcuni ◽  
Daniela di Riso ◽  
Claudia Mazzeschi ◽  
Adriana Lis
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Mainstream Classrooms ◽  
Average Factor ◽  
Fear Survey Schedule ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Italian Children

The aim of this study was to explore children's fears. The article reports on average factor scores of a study carried out in Italy using the Fear Survey Schedule for Children (here, the “Fear Survey”; Ollendick, 1983) with normal 6- to 10-yr.-old children (931 girls, 914 boys). Participants were 1,845 children, recruited in mainstream classrooms. Respondents were asked to complete the schedule indicating their fears and the intensity of such fears. A principal components analysis yielded a four-factor structure (1: Death and Danger, 2: Injury and Animals, 3: Failure and Criticism, 4: Fear of the Unknown). Average factor scores showed significant differences across the factors and according to sex and age. Girls reported significantly higher fearfulness than boys. Age differences were found on some factors.

scholarly journals The Cambridge Behavioural Inventory revised

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen J. Wear ◽  
Catherine J. Wedderburn ◽  
Eneida Mioshi ◽  
Caroline H. Williams-Gray ◽  
Sarah L. Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Components Analysis

Abstract Neurobehavioural and psychiatric symptoms are common in a range of neurodegenerative disorders with distinct profiles which are helpful in the diagnosis and monitoring of these disorders. The Cambridge Behavioural Inventory (CBI) has been shown to distinguish frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), but it is lengthy. Objective: To develop a shorter version of the 81 item CBI. Methods: CBI data from 450 participants with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bv-FTD) (64), AD (96), PD (215) and HD (75) were analysed using Principal Components Analysis and measures of internal consistency (Cronbach alpha). Results: A reduced 45-item questionnaire was developed. The instrument identified distinct behavioural profiles and performed as well as the original version. Conclusions: A shorter (45 item) version of the CBI is capable of differentiating bv-FTD and AD from PD and HD. It may be useful in delineating the type and extent of problems in these disorders as well as monitoring therapeutic interventions.

Instructors' Ratings of Delinquents after Outward Bound Survival Training and Their Subsequent Recidivism

1975 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Baer ◽  
Peter J. Jacobs ◽  
Frances E. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Outward Bound ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Prediction Of Recidivism ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Long Term Prediction ◽  
Successful Students

After participating in an Outward Bound survival training course, 60 male delinquents were evaluated by patrol leaders. Successful students were awarded a certificate and all Ss were then paroled. A significant association was found between nonrecidivism within a 5-yr. period and the awarding of a certificate. Principal components analysis of a 40-item rating scale completed by the patrol leaders yielded six factors. Significant correlations were found between the factor scores of Maturity, Leadership, and Effort, with nonrecidivism. Results suggest that a rating based on Outward Bound performance can provide a long-term prediction of recidivism.

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