Feature-based stereotypes of African American, Asian American, European American, and Hispanic American faces: Does race matter?

The occupational profile of the various ethnic groups varies in the United States. The occupational stratification is sometimes based on one’s ethnicity rather than ability. When interethnic occupational differences are attributed to discrimination the result is inefficiency in the labor market. The purpose of this study is to determine the occupations in which ethnic minorities are dominant and the factors which are most significant in either increasing or reducing this dominance. The data consist of 183 Economic Areas (as defined by the Bureau of Economic Analysis). Explanatory variables reflect educational levels, human capital accumulation, social status, government action, and general area characteristic for each groups. Occupational attributes are used to aggregate all occupations, reflecting prestige and satisfaction levels. African-American, Hispanic-American and Asian-American groups are compared to non-Hispanic whites. Males and females are tested separately. The results show that African American and Hispanic males and females are influenced by similar variables. The level of higher education assists the labor position of African and Hispanic American males reducing interethnic occupational differences. The density of the minority group in the area improves the position of their female counterparts. The Asian American group is very different.

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Culture, Caregiving, and Health: Exploring the Influence of Culture on Family Caregiver Experiences

ISRN Public Health ◽

10.1155/2014/689826 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Jennifer R. Pharr ◽

Carolee Dodge Francis ◽

Christine Terry ◽

Michele C. Clark

Keyword(s):

Cultural Values ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Asian American ◽

Family Caregiver ◽

Family Caregiving ◽

Cultural Influences ◽

European American ◽

Hispanic American ◽

Cultural Determinants ◽

Caregiver Experiences

Ethnic minorities are expected to experience a greater demand for family caregiving than non-Latino Whites due to their projected population growth. Although the consensus of researchers on caregiving and culture finds that the caregiving experience differs significantly among cultural/ethnic groups, the question remains as to how cultural values and norms influence the caregiver experiences. We conducted an interpretative, phenomenological qualitative analysis of focus group transcripts from four groups (African American, Asian American, Hispanic American, and European American) for cultural influences on caregiving. Data were collected in Nevada between December 7, 2009, and August 20, 2010. Thirty-five caregivers participated in this study. We found commonalities among all of the cultural/ethnic groups in their experiences of the difficulties of caregiving. However, there were some significant differences in the cultural values and norms that shaped the caregiving experience. We categorized these differences as: (a) cultural embeddedness of caregiving, (b) cultural determinants of caregiving responsibilities or taxonomy of caregiving, and (c) cultural values and norms underlying the decision to provide care. The significance of this study is that it highlights the culturally perceived mandate to provide care in the African, Asian, and Hispanic American cultures.

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Multicultural experiences of family caregiving: A study of african american, european american, and hispanic american families

New Directions for Mental Health Services ◽

10.1002/yd.23319987706 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 (77) ◽

pp. 45-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Peter J. Guarnaccia

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Family Caregiving ◽

European American ◽

Hispanic American ◽

Multicultural Experiences ◽

American Families

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Causal inference multiple imputation investigation of the impact of cannabinoids and other substances on ethnic differentials in US testicular cancer incidence

BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology ◽

10.1186/s40360-021-00505-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Albert Stuart Reece ◽

Gary Kenneth Hulse

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Testicular Cancer ◽

Multiple Imputation ◽

Asian American ◽

Dose Response ◽

Pacific Islander ◽

Hispanic American ◽

Caucasian American ◽

Caucasian Americans

Abstract Background Ethnic differences in testicular cancer rates (TCRs) are recognized internationally. Cannabis is a known risk factor for testicular cancer (TC) in multiple studies with dose-response effects demonstrated, however the interaction between ancestral and environmental mutagenic effects has not been characterized. We examined the effects of this presumed gene-environment interaction across US states. Methods State based TCR was downloaded from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) website via SEERStat. Drug use data for cigarettes, alcohol use disorder, analgesics, cannabis and cocaine was taken from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health a nationally representative study conducted annually by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) with a 74.1% response rate. Cannabinoid concentrations derived from Drug Enforcement Agency publications. Median household income and ethnicity data (Caucasian-American, African-American, Hispanic-American, Asian-American, American-Indian-Alaska-Native-American, Native-Hawaiian-Pacific-Islander-American) was from the US Census Bureau. Data were processed in R using instrumental regression, causal inference and multiple imputation. Results 1975–2017 TCR rose 41% in African-Americans and 78.1% in Caucasian-Americans; 2003–2017 TCR rose 36.1% in Hispanic-Americans and 102.9% in Asian-Pacific-Islander-Americans. Ethnicity-based scatterplot-time and boxplots for cannabis use and TCR closely mirrored each other. At inverse probability-weighted interactive robust regression including drugs, income and ethnicity, ethnic THC exposure was the most significant factor and was independently significant (β-estimate = 4.72 (2.04, 7.41), P = 0.0018). In a similar model THC, and cannabigerol were also significant (both β-estimate = 13.87 (6.33, 21.41), P = 0.0017). In additive instrumental models the interaction of ethnic THC exposure with Asian-American, Hispanic-American, and Native-Hawaiian-Pacific-Islander-American ethnicities was significant (β-estimate = − 0.63 (− 0.74, − 0.52), P = 3.6 × 10− 29, β-estimate = − 0.25 (− 0.32, − 0.18), P = 4.2 × 10− 13, β-estimate = − 0.19 (− 0.25, − 0.13), P = 3.4 × 10− 9). After multiple imputation, ethnic THC exposure became more significant (β-estimate = 0.68 (0.62, 0.74), P = 1.80 × 10− 92). 25/33 e-Values > 1.25 ranging up to 1.07 × 105. Liberalization of cannabis laws was linked with higher TCR’s in Caucasian-Americans (β-estimate = 0.09 (0.06, 0.12), P = 6.5 × 10− 10) and African-Americans (β-estimate = 0.22 (0.12, 0.32), P = 4.4 × 10− 5) and when dichotomized to illegal v. others (t = 6.195, P = 1.18 × 10− 9 and t = 4.50, P = 3.33 × 10− 5). Conclusion Cannabis is shown to be a TC risk factor for all ethnicities including Caucasian-American and African-American ancestries, albeit at different rates. For both ancestries cannabis legalization elevated TCR. Dose-response and causal relationships are demonstrated.

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Matthew X. Vernon, The Black Middle Ages: Race and Construction of the Middle Ages. The New Middle Ages. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018, xiii, 266 pp.

Mediaevistik ◽

10.3726/med.2019.01.77 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 387-388

Author(s):

Albrecht Classen

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Middle Ages ◽

Asian American ◽

Subject Matter ◽

Black Americans ◽

Major Portion ◽

Hispanic American ◽

History Of ◽

The Subject ◽

The Middle Ages

When I agreed to review this book, I had not paid enough attention to the subtitle, which reveals that the author is primarily concerned with the issue of Medievalism. In essence, Vernon is examining how Black or African American medievalists and writers have viewed the Middle Ages and what the study of the medieval world might mean for the struggle of Black Americans against racism and colonialism today. He argues that the examination of the Middle Ages mattered deeply for those intellectuals because many issues in that past are still mirrored in the present. This could be of relevance especially for those who are interested in the history of scholarship and the particular approach to that period from a specific ethnic perspective. Of course, then we would also need books about Asian American medievalists, Hispanic American medievalists, etc., which seems to be valid in political terms, but does not really do justice to the subject matter. At any rate, I cannot examine and evaluate the major portion of this book because it falls into the category of modern Medievalism.

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