Conflict Minerals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Aligning Trade and Security Interventions

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben de Koning
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Conflict Minerals ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

Digging Deeper: the Politics of ‘Conflict Minerals’ in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo

Global Policy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Cuvelier ◽  
Jose Diemel ◽  
Koen Vlassenroot
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Conflict Minerals ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

scholarly journals Conflict Minerals Disclosures: Reporting Requirements and Implications for Auditing

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. A1-A23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jomo Sankara ◽  
Deborah L. Lindberg ◽  
Khalid A. Razaki
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Publicly Traded Companies ◽  
Conflict Minerals ◽  
Consumer Protection Act ◽  
Reporting Requirements ◽  
Disclosure Requirements ◽  
Reporting Requirement ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

SUMMARY Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (Dodd-Frank Act) created a reporting requirement for publicly traded companies that manufacture products using “conflict minerals” from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) or adjoining countries. Under certain circumstances, companies must file a Conflict Minerals Report (CMR) in addition to a Specialized Disclosure Report (Form SD). Companies that claim their products are free of conflict minerals from the DRC must have an audit of their CMR. We investigate the extent to which companies have complied with the new disclosure requirements as well as the current and future auditing implications.

scholarly journals Regulating the old game of smuggling? Coltan mining, trade and reforms in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Iguma Wakenge ◽  
Dennis Dijkzeul ◽  
Koen Vlassenroot
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Conflict Minerals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Artisanal Miners

AbstractThis article examines the smuggling of coltan into and out of artisanal mining areas in northern Katanga where the ITRI Tin Supply Chain Initiative (iTSCi), a policy on conflict minerals, tries to improve transparency in trading tin, tantalum (coltan) and tungsten. The article approaches smuggling from a sociology of economic life perspective, closely examining how and why artisanal miners and mine-based middlemen (négociants) helped smugglers (hiboux) in the trafficking of coltan. The findings indicate that the social networks in which miners and mine-basednégociantsare embedded allow the miners,négociantsand smugglers to maintain close relationships and to breach official regulations, but miners and mine-basednégociantsalso rely on the same networks to cheat in their dealings with the smugglers. This article concludes that, rather than considering coltan mining areas to be ‘enclaves of regulations’, understanding and addressing smuggling at both local and broader contexts call for a comprehensive, more contextualised approach.

African conflict mineral systems face challenges

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Global Supply Chains ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mineral Supply ◽  
Conflict Minerals ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Universal Solution ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

Subject Conflict mineral tracing systems in Africa. Significance Societe Miniere de Bisunzu (SMB), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)’s top coltan exporter, in January announced it will exit the ITSCI Programme for Responsible Mineral Supply Chains to join a rival system. The ITSCI was established to avoid such duplications, and SMB’s withdrawal raises questions about the future of traceability initiatives and their efficacy in reducing conflict where minerals are mined. Impacts Global demand for responsible sourcing will grow despite recent setbacks to traceability initiatives. Global supply chains will remain contaminated until a watertight, low-cost and universal solution becomes available throughout those chains. Expanding ‘conflict minerals’ to include those mined in inhumane conditions or with child labour could even erode existing safeguards.

scholarly journals Geochemical Fingerprinting of Conflict Minerals Using Handheld XRF: An Example for Coltan, Cassiterite, and Wolframite Ores from Democratic Republic of the Congo, Africa

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza K. Somarin
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Geochemical Fingerprinting ◽  
Conflict Minerals ◽  
The World ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Spider Diagrams

Conflict minerals are those mined in politically unstable regions of the world and are then sold to finance war or other illegal activities. Industrial manufacturers are required to show that minerals used in their applications are not derived from conflict areas. Several geochemical and geochronological methods have been suggested to fingerprint conflict minerals; however, all these methods require sophisticated and extensive laboratory procedures. Portable X-ray fluorescence data of 108 samples from various location in Democratic Republic of the Congo shows that cassiterite and wolframite ores from all studied regions can be fingerprinted using various discrimination diagrams. Coltan ore samples from several regions can also be discriminated using major and trace elements of these samples. In addition, patterns in chondrite-normalized spider diagrams for each region are unique and can be used as fingerprinting tools.

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