Topology of signal recognition particle receptor in endoplasmic reticulum membrane

Nature ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 318 (6044) ◽  
pp. 334-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leander Lauffer ◽  
Pablo D. Garcia ◽  
Richard N. Harkins ◽  
Lisa Coussens ◽  
Axel Ullrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Signal Recognition Particle ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane ◽  
Signal Recognition ◽  
Signal Recognition Particle Receptor

scholarly journals The beta subunit of the signal recognition particle receptor is a transmembrane GTPase that anchors the alpha subunit, a peripheral membrane GTPase, to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.

1995 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Miller ◽  
S Tajima ◽  
L Lauffer ◽  
P Walter
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Protein Targeting ◽  
Signal Sequence ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Signal Recognition Particle ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane ◽  
Protein Chain ◽  
Signal Recognition ◽  
Signal Recognition Particle Receptor ◽  
Er Membrane

The signal recognition particle receptor (SR) is required for the cotranslational targeting of both secretory and membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. During targeting, the SR interacts with the signal recognition particle (SRP) which is bound to the signal sequence of the nascent protein chain. This interaction catalyzes the GTP-dependent transfer of the nascent chain from SRP to the protein translocation apparatus in the ER membrane. The SR is a heterodimeric protein comprised of a 69-kD subunit (SR alpha) and a 30-kD subunit (SR beta) which are associated with the ER membrane in an unknown manner. SR alpha and the 54-kD subunits of SRP (SRP54) each contain related GTPase domains which are required for SR and SRP function. Molecular cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding SR beta revealed that SR beta is a transmembrane protein and, like SR alpha and SRP54, is a member of the GTPase superfamily. Although SR beta defines its own GTPase subfamily, it is distantly related to ARF and Sar1. Using UV cross-linking, we confirm that SR beta binds GTP specifically. Proteolytic digestion experiments show that SR alpha is required for the interaction of SRP with SR. SR alpha appears to be peripherally associated with the ER membrane, and we suggest that SR beta, as an integral membrane protein, mediates the membrane association of SR alpha. The discovery of its guanine nucleotide-binding domain, however, makes it likely that its role is more complex than that of a passive anchor for SR alpha. These findings suggest that a cascade of three directly interacting GTPases functions during protein targeting to the ER membrane.

scholarly journals Insulin secretory granule biogenesis. Co-ordinate regulation of the biosynthesis of the majority of constituent proteins

1991 ◽  
Vol 274 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
P C Guest ◽  
E M Bailyes ◽  
N G Rutherford ◽  
J C Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Signal Recognition Particle ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane ◽  
Signal Recognition ◽  
Translational Initiation ◽  
Insulin Secretory Granule ◽  
Fold Stimulation

Two-dimensional gel-electrophoretic analysis combined with fluorography and densitometric quantification was used to examine the effects of glucose on the biosynthesis of rat pancreatic islet proteins. An increase in the medium glucose concentration from 2.8 to 16.7 mM produced a 10-20 fold stimulation in the synthesis of 10 out of 260 detected islet proteins, as judged by incorporation of [35S]methionine during a 20 min incubation. The synthetic rates of the majority of the remaining proteins were stimulated by 2-4-fold. Greater resolution achieved by pulse-chase labelling and subcellular fractionation showed that, of 32 major proteins localized to insulin secretory granules, the biosynthesis of 25 were stimulated 15-30-fold by glucose. By contrast, only eight of 160 proteins in the soluble fraction showed a response of similar magnitude. It is concluded that there is a major and co-ordinated activation of the biosyntheses of proteins destined for secretory granules, which most likely occurs at the level of translational initiation and signal-recognition-particle-mediated translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. However, it is clear that not all granule proteins, or the majority of proteins translocated across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, are affected in an equivalent manner. In addition, the synthesis of a small number of cytosolic proteins may be increased markedly by insulinotropic stimuli.

scholarly journals Direct probing of the interaction between the signal sequence of nascent preprolactin and the signal recognition particle by specific cross-linking.

1987 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wiedmann ◽  
T V Kurzchalia ◽  
H Bielka ◽  
T A Rapoport
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Protein Translocation ◽  
Signal Sequence ◽  
Signal Recognition Particle ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane ◽  
Signal Recognition ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Lysine Residues ◽  
Nascent Chain

We have studied the interaction between the signal sequence of nascent preprolactin and the signal recognition particle (SRP) during the initial events in protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. A new method of affinity labeling was used, whereby lysine residues, carrying the photoreactive group 4-(3-trifluoromethyldiazirino) benzoic acid in their side chains, are incorporated into a protein by means of modified lysyl-tRNA, and cross-linking to the interacting component is induced by irradiation. SRP interacts through its Mr 54,000 polypeptide component with the signal sequences of nascent preprolactin chains containing about 70 residues, and with decreasing affinity with longer chains as well; it causes inhibition of elongation. Binding of SRP is reversible and requires the nascent chain to be bound to a functional ribosome. SRP cross-linked to the signal sequence still inhibits elongation but does not prevent it completely. We conclude that SRP does not block the exit site of the polypeptide chain on the ribosome. The SRP receptor of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane displaces the signal sequence from SRP and, even if SRP is cross-linked, releases elongation arrest.

scholarly journals Ribosome Binding to and Dissociation from Translocation Sites of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3860-3869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Schaletzky ◽  
Tom A. Rapoport
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Signal Recognition Particle ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane ◽  
Signal Recognition ◽  
Ribosome Binding ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Chain Complexes ◽  
Nascent Chain

We have addressed how ribosome-nascent chain complexes (RNCs), associated with the signal recognition particle (SRP), can be targeted to Sec61 translocation channels of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane when all binding sites are occupied by nontranslating ribosomes. These competing ribosomes are known to be bound with high affinity to tetramers of the Sec61 complex. We found that the membrane binding of RNC–SRP complexes does not require or cause the dissociation of prebound nontranslating ribosomes, a process that is extremely slow. SRP and its receptor target RNCs to a free population of Sec61 complex, which associates with nontranslating ribosomes only weakly and is conformationally different from the population of ribosome-bound Sec61 complex. Taking into account recent structural data, we propose a model in which SRP and its receptor target RNCs to a Sec61 subpopulation of monomeric or dimeric state. This could explain how RNC–SRP complexes can overcome the competition by nontranslating ribosomes.

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