scholarly journals PRC2 and EHMT1 regulate H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 establishment across the zygote genome

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tie-Gang Meng ◽  
Qian Zhou ◽  
Xue-Shan Ma ◽  
Xiao-Yu Liu ◽  
Qing-Ren Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Micrococcal Nuclease ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Facultative Heterochromatin ◽  
Mouse Zygotes ◽  
Essential Prerequisite

AbstractThe formation of zygote is the beginning of mammalian life, and dynamic epigenetic modifications are essential for mammalian normal development. H3K27 di-methylation (H3K27me2) and H3K27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) are marks of facultative heterochromatin which maintains transcriptional repression established during early development in many eukaryotes. However, the mechanism underlying establishment and regulation of epigenetic asymmetry in the zygote remains obscure. Here we show that maternal EZH2 is required for the establishment of H3K27me3 in mouse zygotes. However, combined immunostaining with ULI-NChIP-seq (ultra-low-input micrococcal nuclease-based native ChIP-seq) shows that EZH1 could partially safeguard the role of EZH2 in the formation of H3K27me2. Meanwhile, we identify that EHMT1 is involved in the establishment of H3K27me2, and that H3K27me2 might be an essential prerequisite for the following de novo H3K27me3 modification on the male pronucleus. In this work, we clarify the establishment and regulatory mechanisms of H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 in mouse zygotes.

scholarly journals Emerging multifaceted roles of BAP1 complexes in biological processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen Patricia Szczepanski ◽  
Lu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Multiprotein Complex ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Polycomb Repressive Complex 1

AbstractHistone H2AK119 mono-ubiquitination (H2AK119Ub) is a relatively abundant histone modification, mainly catalyzed by the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) to regulate Polycomb-mediated transcriptional repression of downstream target genes. Consequently, H2AK119Ub can also be dynamically reversed by the BAP1 complex, an evolutionarily conserved multiprotein complex that functions as a general transcriptional activator. In previous studies, it has been reported that the BAP1 complex consists of important biological roles in development, metabolism, and cancer. However, identifying the BAP1 complex’s regulatory mechanisms remains to be elucidated due to its various complex forms and its ability to target non-histone substrates. In this review, we will summarize recent findings that have contributed to the diverse functional role of the BAP1 complex and further discuss the potential in targeting BAP1 for therapeutic use.

scholarly journals The role of Dby mRNA in early development of male mouse zygotes

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Jiang Yao ◽  
Wang-Jie Xu ◽  
Xiu-Li Gong ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Zhi-Qiang Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Male Mouse ◽  
Mouse Zygotes

scholarly journals Role of melatonin in the angiogenesis potential; highlights on the cardiovascular disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afshin Rahbarghazi ◽  
Marefat Siahkouhian ◽  
Reza Rahbarghazi ◽  
Mahdi Ahmadi ◽  
Lotfali Bolboli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Functional Behavior ◽  
Angiogenesis Modulators

AbstractMelatonin possesses multi-organ and pleiotropic effects with potency to control angiogenesis at both molecular and cellular levels. To date, many efforts have been made to control and regulate the dynamic of angiogenesis modulators in a different milieu. The term angiogenesis or neovascularization refers to the development of de novo vascular buds from the pre-existing blood vessels. This phenomenon is tightly dependent on the balance between the pro- and anti-angiogenesis factors which alters the functional behavior of vascular cells. The promotion of angiogenesis is thought to be an effective strategy to accelerate the healing process of ischemic changes such as infarcted myocardium. Of note, most of the previous studies have focused on the anti-angiogenesis capacity of melatonin in the tumor niche. To the best of our knowledge, few experiments highlighted the melatonin angiogenesis potential and specific regulatory mechanisms in the cardiovascular system. Here, we aimed to summarize some previous experiments related to the application of melatonin in cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic injury and hypertension by focusing on the regulatory mechanisms.

scholarly journals Simultaneous epigenetic perturbation and genome imaging reveal distinct roles of H3K9me3 in chromatin architecture and transcription

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Feng ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Xiangnan Wang ◽  
Xiaohui He ◽  
Chen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Organization ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Gene Repression ◽  
Domain Formation ◽  
Transcriptional Initiation ◽  
Chromatin Architecture ◽  
Small Set

Abstract Introduction Despite the long-observed correlation between H3K9me3, chromatin architecture, and transcriptional repression, how H3K9me3 regulates genome higher-order organization and transcriptional activity in living cells remains unclear. Result Here, we develop EpiGo (Epigenetic perturbation induced Genome organization)-KRAB to introduce H3K9me3 at hundreds of loci spanning megabases on human chromosome 19 and simultaneously track genome organization. EpiGo-KRAB is sufficient to induce genomic clustering and de novo heterochromatin-like domain formation, which requires SETDB1, a methyltransferase of H3K9me3. Unexpectedly, EpiGo-KRAB-induced heterochromatin-like domain does not result in widespread gene repression except a small set of genes with concurrent loss of H3K4me3 and H3K27ac. Ectopic H3K9me3 appears to spread in inactive regions but is largely restricted from transcriptional initiation sites in active regions. Finally, Hi-C analysis showed that EpiGo-KRAB reshapes existing compartments mainly at compartment boundaries. Conclusions These results reveal the role of H3K9me3 in genome organization could be partially separated from its function in gene repression.

Regulatory mechanisms of hepatic phosphorylase in fetal and neonatal livers of rats.

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (4) ◽  
pp. E370
Author(s):  
R Biondi ◽  
M P Viola-Magni
Keyword(s):  
Actinomycin D ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
De Novo Synthesis ◽  
Neonatal Liver ◽  
Enzymatic Changes ◽  
Rat Livers

Active phosphorylase was determined in rat livers during the end of the fetal period and the first days of life. This enzyme increases between the 16th day of gestation and birth. After birth, another increase in observed that takes place with 6 h. In the neonatal liver, the rapid increase in active phosphorylase, is inhibited by high levels of blood glucose, but is unaffected by actinomycin D. In fetal liver glucagon administration is followed after 5 h by an increase in total phosphorylase with only a small increase in active phosphorylase; this effect is blocked by actinomycin D. The fetal changes are interpreted as de novo synthesis, whereas the neonatal increase is due to an activation of inactive phosphorylase. Both enzymatic changes appear to be regulated by glycogen. The role of phosphorylase in the regulation of glycogen metabolism in neonatal liver is discussed.

Axial mesendoderm refines rostrocaudal pattern in the chick nervous system

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (13) ◽  
pp. 2921-2934 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Rowan ◽  
C.D. Stern ◽  
K.G. Storey
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Large Panel ◽  
The Central Nervous System

There has long been controversy concerning the role of the axial mesoderm in the induction and rostrocaudal patterning of the vertebrate nervous system. Here we investigate the neural inducing and regionalising properties of defined rostrocaudal regions of head process/prospective notochord in the chick embryo by juxtaposing these tissues with extraembryonic epiblast or neural plate explants. We localise neural inducing signals to the emerging head process and using a large panel of region-specific neural markers, show that different rostrocaudal levels of the head process derived from headfold stage embryos can induce discrete regions of the central nervous system. However, we also find that rostral and caudal head process do not induce expression of any of these molecular markers in explants of the neural plate. During normal development the head process emerges beneath previously induced neural plate, which we show has already acquired some rostrocaudal character. Our findings therefore indicate that discrete regions of axial mesendoderm at headfold stages are not normally responsible for the establishment of rostrocaudal pattern in the neural plate. Strikingly however, we do find that caudal head process inhibits expression of rostral genes in neural plate explants. These findings indicate that despite the ability to induce specific rostrocaudal regions of the CNS de novo, signals provided by the discrete regions of axial mesendoderm do not appear to establish regional differences, but rather refine the rostrocaudal character of overlying neuroepithelium.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Epigenetic Perturbation and Genome Imaging Reveal Distinct Roles of H3K9me3 in Chromatin Architecture and Transcription

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Feng ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Xiangnan Wang ◽  
Xiaohui He ◽  
Chen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Organization ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Gene Repression ◽  
Domain Formation ◽  
Transcriptional Initiation ◽  
Chromatin Architecture ◽  
Small Set

AbstractDespite the long-observed correlation between H3K9me3, chromatin architecture and transcriptional repression, how H3K9me3 regulates genome higher-order organization and transcriptional activity in living cells remains unclear. Here we develop EpiGo (Epigenetic perturbation induced Genome organization)-KRAB to introduce H3K9me3 at hundreds of loci spanning megabases on human chromosome 19 and simultaneously track genome organization. EpiGo-KRAB is sufficient to induce de novo heterochromatin-like domain formation, which requires SETDB1, a methyltransferase of H3K9me3. Unexpectedly, EpiGo-KRAB induced heterochromatin-like domain does not result in widespread gene repression except a small set of genes with concurrent loss of H3K4me3 and H3K27ac. Ectopic H3K9me3 appears to spread in inactive regions but is largely restricted to transcriptional initiation sites in active regions. Finally, Hi-C analysis showed that EpiGo-KRAB induced to reshape existing compartments. These results reveal the role of H3K9me3 in genome organization could be partially separated from its function in gene repression.

Localization of Intracisternal a Particle Antigens in Neoplastic Cells and Preimplantation Mouse Embryos

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 696-697
Author(s):  
Thomas T.F. Huang ◽  
Patricia G. Calarco
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse Embryos ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse ◽  
Intracisternal A Particle ◽  
Normal Feature

The stage specific appearance of a retravirus, termed the Intracisternal A particle (IAP) is a normal feature of early preimplantation development. To date, all feral and laboratory strains of Mus musculus and even Asian species such as Mus cervicolor and Mus pahari express the particles during the 2-8 cell stages. IAP form by budding into the endoplasmic reticulum and appear singly or as groups of donut-shaped particles within the cisternae (fig. 1). IAP are also produced in large numbers in several neoplastic cells such as certain plasmacytomas and rhabdomyosarcomas. The role of IAP, either in normal development or in neoplastic behavior, is unknown.

Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression (Sponsor: Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg)

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Keyword(s):  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Mtor Inhibitor ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Expert Meeting ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractImmunosuppression permits graft survival after transplantation and consequently a longer and better life. On the other hand, it increases the risk of infection, for instance with cytomegalovirus (CMV). However, the various available immunosuppressive therapies differ in this regard. One of the first clinical trials using de novo everolimus after kidney transplantation [1] already revealed a considerably lower incidence of CMV infection in the everolimus arms than in the mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) arm. This result was repeatedly confirmed in later studies [2–4]. Everolimus is now considered a substance with antiviral properties. This article is based on the expert meeting “Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression”. The expert panel called for a paradigm shift: In a CMV prevention strategy the targeted selection of the immunosuppressive therapy is also a key element. For patients with elevated risk of CMV, mTOR inhibitor-based immunosuppression is advantageous as it is associated with a significantly lower incidence of CMV events.

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