scholarly journals Vulnerability of the North Water ecosystem to climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Ribeiro ◽  
Audrey Limoges ◽  
Guillaume Massé ◽  
Kasper L. Johansen ◽  
William Colgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
Little Auk ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
North Water

AbstractHigh Arctic ecosystems and Indigenous livelihoods are tightly linked and exposed to climate change, yet assessing their sensitivity requires a long-term perspective. Here, we assess the vulnerability of the North Water polynya, a unique seaice ecosystem that sustains the world’s northernmost Inuit communities and several keystone Arctic species. We reconstruct mid-to-late Holocene changes in sea ice, marine primary production, and little auk colony dynamics through multi-proxy analysis of marine and lake sediment cores. Our results suggest a productive ecosystem by 4400–4200 cal yrs b2k coincident with the arrival of the first humans in Greenland. Climate forcing during the late Holocene, leading to periods of polynya instability and marine productivity decline, is strikingly coeval with the human abandonment of Greenland from c. 2200–1200 cal yrs b2k. Our long-term perspective highlights the future decline of the North Water ecosystem, due to climate warming and changing sea-ice conditions, as an important climate change risk.

scholarly journals Dynamics and Impacting Factors of Ice Regimes in Latvia Inland and Coastal Waters

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 400-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Māris Kļaviņš ◽  
Zanita Avotniece ◽  
Valērijs Rodinovs
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Ice Regime ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The sea ice regime is considered to be a sensitive indicator of climate change. This study investigates long-term changes in the ice regimes of the Gulf of Riga along the coast of Latvia in comparison with those of inland waters. The ice regime of the studied region indicates the impact of climate change related to increasing air and sea water temperatures. Ice cover duration on both the sea and inland waters has decreased during recent decades. In addition, long-term records on ice break in the studied region exhibit a pattern of periodic changes in the intensity of ice regime, while trends of the sea ice regime are not consistent between periods of time. Alternating mild and severe winters also occur. The ice regime was shown to be strongly influenced by large-scale atmospheric circulation processes over the North Atlantic, as indicated by close correlation with the North Atlantic Oscillation index.

scholarly journals Holocene polynya dynamics and their interaction with oceanic heat transport in northernmost Baffin Bay

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Jackson ◽  
Anna Bang Kvorning ◽  
Audrey Limoges ◽  
Eleanor Georgiadis ◽  
Steffen M. Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
The North ◽  
North Water ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ocean Conditions

AbstractBaffin Bay hosts the largest and most productive of the Arctic polynyas: the North Water (NOW). Despite its significance and active role in water mass formation, the history of the NOW beyond the observational era remains poorly known. We reconcile the previously unassessed relationship between long-term NOW dynamics and ocean conditions by applying a multiproxy approach to two marine sediment cores from the region that, together, span the Holocene. Declining influence of Atlantic Water in the NOW is coeval with regional records that indicate the inception of a strong and recurrent polynya from ~ 4400 yrs BP, in line with Neoglacial cooling. During warmer Holocene intervals such as the Roman Warm Period, a weaker NOW is evident, and its reduced capacity to influence bottom ocean conditions facilitated northward penetration of Atlantic Water. Future warming in the Arctic may have negative consequences for this vital biological oasis, with the potential knock-on effect of warm water penetration further north and intensified melt of the marine-terminating glaciers that flank the coast of northwest Greenland.

scholarly journals Horizontal Movement of Fast Ice in the North Water Area

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (81) ◽  
pp. 547-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Ito ◽  
Fritz Müller
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Horizontal Movement ◽  
The North ◽  
North Water ◽  
Fast Ice ◽  
External Forces

AbstractThe understanding of the horizontal movement of fast ice is important for applied sea-ice mechanics. A case study, carried out in conjunction with a polynya known as North Water, is presented in this paper. The displacements of the fast-ire arches which separate the polynya from the surrounding ice-covered sea, were measured and found to be small. It is, therefore, confirmed that these arches prevent the influx of large quantities of sea ice into the polynya. The results are then explained in terms of the external forces (wind and current), the stress- strain situations and some physical characteristics (temperature and thickness) which were measured simultaneously.

Fungi and plant co-variation in Arctic Siberia inferred from sedimentary ancient DNA metabarcoding during the last 45.000 years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara von Hippel ◽  
Kathleen R. Stoof-Leichsenring ◽  
Luise Schulte ◽  
Peter Seeber ◽  
Laura S. Epp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Arctic Siberia

<p>Climate change has a great impact on boreal ecosystems including Siberian larch forests. As a consequence of warming, larch grow is possible in areas where climate used to be too cold, leading to a shift of the tree line into more arctic regions. Most plants co-exist in symbiosis with heterotrophic organisms surrounding their root system. In arctic ecosystems, mycorrhizal fungi are a prerequisite for plant establishment and survival because they support nutrient uptake from nutrient-poor soils and maintain the water supply. Until now, however, knowledge about the co-variation of vegetation and fungi is poor. Certainly, the understanding of dynamic changes in biotic interactions is important to understand adaptation mechanisms of ecosystems to climate change.</p><p>We investigated sedimentary ancient DNA from Lake Levinson Lessing, Taymyr Peninsula (Arctic Siberia, tundra), Lake Lama, Lake Kyutyunda (both northern Siberia, tundra-taiga transition zone) and Lake Bolshoe Toko (southern Siberia, forest area) covering the last about 45.000 years using ITS primers for fungi along with the chloroplast P6 loop marker for vegetation metabarcoding. We found changes in the fungal communities that are in broad agreement with vegetation turnover. To our knowledge, this is the first broad ecological study on lake sediment cores to analyze fungal biodiversity in relation to vegetation change on millennial time scales.</p>

scholarly journals The history of seabird colonies and the North Water ecosystem: Contributions from palaeoecological and archaeological evidence

AMBIO ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (S2) ◽  
pp. 175-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Davidson ◽  
Sebastian Wetterich ◽  
Kasper L. Johansen ◽  
Bjarne Grønnow ◽  
Torben Windirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
North Water ◽  
History Of ◽  
Seabird Colonies

Ancient sedimentary DNA reveals long-term impact of climate change on northern flora

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Alsos ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Polar Urals ◽  
Rapid Responses ◽  
Long Term Impact

<p>Arctic and alpine species are disproportionally affected by climate change, and knowledge about their ability to survive or disperse is essential for their long-term conservation. Ancient sedimentary DNA (sedaDNA) has improved as a proxy for reconstructing past floras, and may now be applied in high throughput analyses. Our lab has analysed, or is in the process of analysing, sedaDNA from ~40 long (up to 26 000 years old) and 11 short (0-1000 years old) lake sediment cores from the Europe (Alps, Norway, Svalbard, Iceland, Polar Urals). Both general and site-specific patterns have emerged from these data. For example, the taxa recorded in sedaDNA often indicate a warmer climate than that which has been inferred based on pollen records; this is in concordance with macrofossil evidence. Also, the limits of past northern tree lines may have been underestimated based on pollen studies. Some heathland species, such as Vaccinium spp. and Empetrum, often show a time lag in arrival compared with other species with similar climatic requirements. Thus, despite the fact that they have berries and therefore are well adapted to long-distance dispersal by birds, our data show they are constrained from rapid responses to climate changes. Other patterns are site-specific. For example, we see a stepwise doubling of floristic richness from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene in the Polar Urals, which is barely detectable in the pollen analyses. Further, the majority of taxa with a mainly arctic-alpine distributions survived the early-Holocene climate warming, when shrub and trees entered the region, probably due to a very heterogeneous landscape that allows co-existence of species with different requirements. In contrast, arctic-alpine taxa disappear from the catchment a subset of the lakes studied in North Norway after shrub and forest expansion. Linking this type of information to characteristics of these biogeographic regions may provide useful when planning for future nature reserves. In the near future, the combination of many sites, complete DNA reference libraries, and emerging molecular methods will allow for the tracking of individual species through time and space.</p>

scholarly journals Arctic sea ice-free season projected to extend into fall

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Lebrun ◽  
Martin Vancoppenolle ◽  
Gurvan Madec ◽  
François Massonnet
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
Simple Mechanism ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Ice Retreat ◽  
Sea Ice Reduction

Abstract. The recent Arctic sea-ice reduction is associated with an increase in the ice-free season duration, with comparable contributions of earlier retreat and later freeze-up. Here we show that within the next decades, the trends towards later freeze-up should progressively exceed and ultimately double the trend towards an earlier ice retreat date. This feature is robustly found in a hierarchy of climate models and is consistent with a simple mechanism: solar energy is absorbed more efficiently than it can be released in non-solar form until freeze-up. Based on climate change simulations, we envision an increase and a shift of the ice-free season towards fall, which will affect Arctic ecosystems and navigation.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE “PRECIPITATION – SOIL – DRAINAGE” SYSTEM UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE NORTH-WEST OF RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. B. Uskov ◽  
◽  
K. G. Moiseyev ◽  
M. V. Nikolaev ◽  
O. V. Kononenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Drainage ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
North West ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
The North ◽  
Precipitation Regimes

Purpose: to analyze the soil-climatic and anthropogenic reasons of decreasing drainage efficiency of closed pottery tubular drainage on the reclaimed lands of the North-West of Russia under the observed local weather conditions against the background of global climate changes. Materials and methods. The objects of research are seasonal precipitation regimes, reclaimed lands and drainage systems of closed tubular drainage. The methods of applied mathematical statistics, the ensemble method of processing and generalization of climate forecasts of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), modernized by the authors were used in research. Monitoring data on changes in the physical properties of soils of reclaimed lands during their long-term operation were obtained using laboratory agrophysical methods for studying samples taken in the field. Results. It is shown that under the conditions of the observed climatic changes, the frequency, intensity and extremeness of atmospheric precipitation are increased. Long-term exploitation of lands with a leaching drainage regime is accompanied by changes in the hydrophysical properties of soils, for example, the coefficient of heterogeneity of the subsurface horizons of soils texture of automorphic genesis decreased from 26 to 6. The system “precipitation – soil – drainage” in climatically abnormal weather conditions exceeding the initial calculated precipitation level mode by 10–20 %, is unable to ensure the removal of excess moisture from the root layer. Conclusions: when creating and reconstructing such reclamation drainage systems it is recommended to take into account the tendencies of changes in the spatial-temporal statistical structure of precipitation and to design technologies for regulating the water regime with systems for intercepting and diverting surface runoff on such reclaimed lands.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document