scholarly journals In-situ anodic precipitation process for highly efficient separation of aluminum alloys

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ke Zhong ◽  
Ya-Lan Liu ◽  
Kui Liu ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Lei Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Deposition Potential ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Fast Kinetics ◽  
Target Metal

AbstractElectrorefining process has been widely used to separate and purify metals, but it is limited by deposition potential of the metal itself. Here we report in-situ anodic precipitation (IAP), a modified electrorefining process, to purify aluminium from contaminants that are more reactive. During IAP, the target metals that are more cathodic than aluminium are oxidized at the anode and forced to precipitate out in a low oxidation state. This strategy is fundamentally based on different solubilities of target metal chlorides in the NaAlCl4 molten salt rather than deposition potential of metals. The results suggest that IAP is able to efficiently and simply separate components of aluminum alloys with fast kinetics and high recovery yields, and it is also a valuable synthetic approach for metal chlorides in low oxidation states.

scholarly journals A sample cell for the study of enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation at the grain-scale and its implications for biocementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Zehner ◽  
Anja Røyne ◽  
Pawel Sikorski
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Sample Cell

AbstractBiocementation is commonly based on microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) or enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP), where biomineralization of $$\text {CaCO}_{3}$$ CaCO 3 in a granular medium is used to produce a sustainable, consolidated porous material. The successful implementation of biocementation in large-scale applications requires detailed knowledge about the micro-scale processes of $$\text {CaCO}_{3}$$ CaCO 3 precipitation and grain consolidation. For this purpose, we present a microscopy sample cell that enables real time and in situ observations of the precipitation of $$\text {CaCO}_{3}$$ CaCO 3 in the presence of sand grains and calcite seeds. In this study, the sample cell is used in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) which allows the monitoring in situ of local pH during the reaction. The sample cell can be disassembled at the end of the experiment, so that the precipitated crystals can be characterized with Raman microspectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) without disturbing the sample. The combination of the real time and in situ monitoring of the precipitation process with the possibility to characterize the precipitated crystals without further sample processing, offers a powerful tool for knowledge-based improvements of biocementation.

Novel Agents for the In-Situ Detection of Cysteine Oxidation States

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. S137-S138
Author(s):  
Shibani Ratnayake ◽  
Shibani Ratnayake ◽  
Christopher Dunston ◽  
Eric Lattmann ◽  
Helen Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation States ◽  
Novel Agents ◽  
Cysteine Oxidation ◽  
In Situ Detection

scholarly journals Selenium– and tellurium–halogen reagents

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristram Chivers ◽  
Risto S. Laitinen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation State ◽  
Halogen Bond ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Alkyl Aryl ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Formal Oxidation State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

Abstract Selenium and tellurium form binary halides in which the chalcogen can be in formal oxidation states (IV), (II) or (I). They are versatile reagents for the preparation of a wide range of inorganic and organic selenium and tellurium compounds taking advantage of the reactivity of the chalcogen–halogen bond. With the exception of the tetrafluorides, the tetrahalides are either commercially available or readily prepared. On the other hand, the low-valent species, EX2 (E = Se, Te; X = Cl, Br) and E2X2 (E = Se, Te; X = Cl, Br) are unstable with respect to disproportionation and must be used as in situ reagents. Organoselenium and tellurium halides are well-known in oxidation states (IV) and (II), as exemplified by REX3, R2EX2 and REX (R = alkyl, aryl; E = Se, Te; X = F, Cl, Br, I); mixed-valent (IV/II) compounds of the type RTeX2TeR are also known. This chapter surveys the availability and/or preparative methods for these widely used reagents followed by examples of their applications in synthetic inorganic and organic selenium and tellurium chemistry. For both the binary halides and their organic derivatives, the discussion is subdivided according to the formal oxidation state of the chalcogen.

Redox Reactivity of Colloidal Nanoceria and Use of Optical Spectra as an In Situ Monitor of Ce Oxidation States

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (22) ◽  
pp. 14401-14408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delina Damatov ◽  
Stephanie M. Laga ◽  
Elizabeth A. Mader ◽  
Jing Peng ◽  
Rishi G. Agarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Spectra ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Redox Reactivity

scholarly journals Rational construction of a library of M29 nanoclusters from monometallic to tetrametallic

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (38) ◽  
pp. 18834-18840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Kang ◽  
Xiao Wei ◽  
Shan Jin ◽  
Qianqin Yuan ◽  
Xinqi Luan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
In Situ Synthesis ◽  
Atomic Level ◽  
Metal Exchange ◽  
Alloy Nanoparticles ◽  
Synergetic Effects ◽  
Rational Construction ◽  
Target Metal

Exploring intermetallic synergy has allowed a series of alloy nanoparticles with prominent chemical–physical properties to be produced. However, precise alloying based on a maintained template has long been a challenging pursuit, and little has been achieved for manipulation at the atomic level. Here, a nanosystem based on M29(S-Adm)18(PPh3)4 (where S-Adm is the adamantane mercaptan and M is Ag/Cu/Au/Pt/Pd) has been established, which leads to the atomically precise operation on each site in this M29 template. Specifically, a library of 21 species of nanoclusters ranging from monometallic to tetrametallic constitutions has been successfully prepared step by step with in situ synthesis, target metal-exchange, and forced metal-exchange methods. More importantly, owing to the monodispersity of each nanocluster in this M29 library, the synergetic effects on the optical properties and stability have been mapped out. This nanocluster methodology not only provides fundamental principles to produce alloy nanoclusters with multimetallic compositions and monodispersed dopants but also provides an intriguing nanomodel that enables us to grasp the intermetallic synergy at the atomic level.

New Insight into the Wax Precipitation Process: In Situ NMR Imaging Study in a Cold Finger Cell

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 9003-9013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Morozov ◽  
Oleg V. Falaleev ◽  
Oleg N. Martyanov
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Study ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Nmr Imaging ◽  
Cold Finger ◽  
Wax Precipitation ◽  
In Situ Nmr ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Synthesis of Substituted 1,3-Diesters of Glycerol Using Wittig Chemistry

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900
Author(s):  
Henry IC Lowe ◽  
Ngeh J. Toyang ◽  
Charah T. Watson ◽  
Joseph Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Natural Compound ◽  
Primary Alcohol ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Triphenyl Phosphine ◽  
Phosphonium Bromide ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
First Time ◽  
Wittig Reagent

1,3-di-O-Cinnamoyl-glycerol is a natural compound isolated from a Jamaican medicinal plant commonly referred to as Ball moss (Tillandsia recurvata). The synthesis of this compound was achieved via a Wittig chemistry process. The synthetic approach started with acylation of a di-protected glycerol with cinnamoyl chloride, deprotection of the glycerol moiety, reaction of the primary alcohol with bromo acetylbromide followed by treatment with triphenyl phosphine to give the corresponding phosphonium bromide. The phosphonium bromide was then converted in situ to the Wittig reagent which is the basis for a novel route to 1,3-di-O-cinnamoyl glycerol. Four analogs were also synthesized, three of which are new and are being reported in this article for the first time. The new compounds include 3-(3,4-diemthoxy-phenyl)-acrylic acid 2-hydroxy-3-(3-ptolyl-acryloyloxy)-propyl ester (3), 2-acetoxy-5-((E)-3-(3-((E’)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acryloyloxy)-2-hydropropoxy)-3-oxoprop-1-enyl)benzoic acid (4) and 4-((E)-3-(3-((E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acryloyloxy)-2-hydropropoxy)-3-oxoprop-1-enyl)benzoic acid (5). The compounds showed no activity in our anticancer assay.

Effect of metal chlorides on glucose mutarotation and possible implications on humin formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranav Ramesh ◽  
Athanasios Kritikos ◽  
George Tsilomelekis
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic

An in situ Raman spectroscopic kinetic study of the glucose mutarotation reaction in the presence of Lewis acids is presented herein. The effect of Lewis acids on humin formation reactions is also discussed.

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