scholarly journals Population genetics of the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) in East Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Tan ◽  
Lei Fang ◽  
Ming Qiu ◽  
Zhongming Huo ◽  
Xiwu Yan
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
North Korea ◽  
North China ◽  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Manila Clam ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Shared Haplotype ◽  
Local Germplasm ◽  
Simple Sequence

AbstractThe Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum is the world’s second most important bivalve mollusk commercially farmed, whose indigenous populations are mainly distributed in the coastal areas of East Asia. However, with the development of commercialization, mixture of populations and loss of local germplasm have become prominent problems. Here, genetic differentiation of seven Manila clam populations from East Asia was investigated through analyzing the polymorphism of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene as well as 20 simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular loci. In total, 40 haplotypes were identified, among which 31 were unique. Moreover, two main haplotypes were detected with several radiating derived haplotypes. Populations in Japan-North Korea shared haplotype Hap_31, and populations in China shared haplotype Hap_7, suggesting that the natural geographical isolation of the Yangtze River and the Yalu River might have divided the East Asian indigenous populations into three groups, which were located in South China, North China, and Japan-North Korea, respectively. The Aquaculture breeding activities from South to North in China might have promoted gene exchange among Manila clam populations. Population in Laizhou had the highest genetic diversity and therefore could be an excellent germplasm source.

Three way crosses between two-band red and white zebra strains of Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1190-1197
Author(s):  
Xi-wu YAN ◽  
Yue-huan ZHANG ◽  
Huan-qiang SUN ◽  
Zhong-ming HUO ◽  
Xin SUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Manila Clam

The “Impossible State”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex J. Bellamy
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
State Policy ◽  
North Korea ◽  
The State ◽  
Regional Trend ◽  
State Collapse ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Massive Scale ◽  
Contemporary Situation

This is the first of two chapters to examine states that have bucked the regional trend. North Korea stands out as the only state in East Asia that continues to employ mass atrocities as a matter of state policy. This chapter explains why the forces that promoted peace in other parts of the region (state consolidation and responsibility, the developmental trading state, habits of multilateralism, and power politics) failed to achieve the same effects in these two countries. It then looks at the contemporary situation to ascertain the prospects for reform and the likelihood of future reductions in the incidence of mass atrocities. It finds that the state relies on mass coercion to maintain itself in power and that there is little prospect of imminent reform, whilst state collapse remains a viable possibility that could precipitate mass atrocities on a massive scale.

scholarly journals Regional variability in black carbon and carbon monoxide ratio from long-term observations over East Asia: assessment of representativeness for black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emission inventories

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjoo Choi ◽  
Yugo Kanaya ◽  
Seung-Myung Park ◽  
Atsushi Matsuki ◽  
Yasuhiro Sadanaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
South Korea ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
East China ◽  
Co Emission

Abstract. The black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emission ratios were estimated and compiled from long-term, harmonized observations of the ΔBC∕ΔCO ratios under conditions unaffected by wet deposition at four sites in East Asia, including two sites in South Korea (Baengnyeong and Gosan) and two sites in Japan (Noto and Fukuoka). Extended spatio-temporal coverage enabled estimation of the full seasonality and elucidation of the emission ratio in North Korea for the first time. The estimated ratios were used to validate the Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) version 2.1 based on six study domains (“East China”, “North China”, “Northeast China”, South Korea, North Korea, and Japan). We found that the ΔBC∕ΔCO ratios from four sites converged into a narrow range (6.2–7.9 ng m−3 ppb−1), suggesting consistency in the results from independent observations and similarity in source profiles over the regions. The BC∕CO ratios from the REAS emission inventory (7.7 ng m−3 ppb−1 for East China – 23.2 ng m−3 ppb−1 for South Korea) were overestimated by factors of 1.1 for East China to 3.0 for South Korea, whereas the ratio for North Korea (3.7 ng m−3 ppb−1 from REAS) was underestimated by a factor of 2.0, most likely due to inaccurate emissions from the road transportation sector. Seasonal variation in the BC∕CO ratio from REAS was found to be the highest in winter (China and North Korea) or summer (South Korea and Japan), whereas the measured ΔBC∕ΔCO ratio was the highest in spring in all source regions, indicating the need for further characterization of the seasonality when creating a bottom-up emission inventory. At levels of administrative districts, overestimation in Seoul, the southwestern regions of South Korea, and Northeast China was noticeable, and underestimation was mainly observed in the western regions in North Korea, including Pyongyang. These diagnoses are useful for identifying regions where revisions in the inventory are necessary, providing guidance for the refinement of BC and CO emission rate estimates over East Asia.

scholarly journals Survey on Perkinsus Species in Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum in Korean Waters Using Species-Specific PCR

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Sil Kang ◽  
Hyun-Sung Yang ◽  
Kimberly S. Reece ◽  
Young-Ghan Cho ◽  
Hye-Mi Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Manila Clam ◽  
Korean Waters ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals The new PFAS C6O4 and its effects on marine invertebrates: First evidence of transcriptional and microbiota changes in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

2021 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 106484
Author(s):  
Ilaria Bernardini ◽  
Valerio Matozzo ◽  
Sara Valsecchi ◽  
Luca Peruzza ◽  
Giulia Dalla Rovere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Manila Clam

Testing the enemy release hypothesis: trematode parasites in the non-indigenous Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 630 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dang ◽  
X. de Montaudouin ◽  
J. Bald ◽  
F. Jude ◽  
N. Raymond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Enemy Release Hypothesis ◽  
Manila Clam ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Trematode Parasites

scholarly journals Springtime daily variations in lower-tropospheric ozone over east Asia: the role of cyclonic activity and pollution as observed from space with IASI

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (18) ◽  
pp. 10839-10856 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dufour ◽  
M. Eremenko ◽  
J. Cuesta ◽  
C. Doche ◽  
G. Foret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Co Observations ◽  
Low Pressure Systems

Abstract. We use satellite observations from IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) on board the MetOp-A satellite to evaluate the springtime daily variations in lower-tropospheric ozone over east Asia. The availability of semi-independent columns of ozone from the surface up to 12 km simultaneously with CO columns provides a powerful observational data set to diagnose the processes controlling tropospheric ozone enhancement on synoptic scales. By combining IASI observations with meteorological reanalyses from ERA-Interim, we develop an analysis method based only on IASI ozone and CO observations to identify the respective roles of the stratospheric source and the photochemical source in ozone distribution and variations over east Asia. The succession of low- and high-pressure systems drives the day-to-day variations in lower-tropospheric ozone. A case study analysis of one frontal system and one cut-off low system in May 2008 shows that reversible subsiding and ascending ozone transfers in the upper-troposphere–lower-stratosphere (UTLS) region, due to the tropopause perturbations occurring in the vicinity of low-pressure systems, impact free and lower-tropospheric ozone over large regions, especially north of 40° N, and largely explain the ozone enhancement observed with IASI for these latitudes. Irreversible stratosphere–troposphere exchanges of ozone-rich air masses occur more locally in the southern and southeastern flanks of the trough. The contribution to the lower-tropospheric ozone column is difficult to dissociate from the tropopause perturbations generated by weather systems. For regions south of 40° N, a significant correlation has been found between lower-tropospheric ozone and carbon monoxide (CO) observations from IASI, especially over the North China Plain (NCP). Considering carbon monoxide observations as a pollutant tracer, the O3–CO correlation indicates that the photochemical production of ozone from primary pollutants emitted over such large polluted regions significantly contributes to the ozone enhancements observed in the lower troposphere via IASI. When low-pressure systems circulate over the NCP, stratospheric and pollution sources play a concomitant role in the ozone enhancement. IASI's 3-D observational capability allows the areas in which each source dominates to be determined. Moreover, the studied cut-off low system has enough potential convective capacity to uplift pollutants (ozone and CO) and to transport them to Japan. The increase in the enhancement ratio of ozone to CO from 0.16 on 12 May over the North China Plain to 0.28 over the Sea of Japan on 14 May indicates photochemical processing during the plume transport.

Wars and Rumours of War, 1918-1945: Japan, the West and Asia Pacific

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Buckley
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
General Public ◽  
British Literature ◽  
North China ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The West

Supported by an in-depth Introduction and contextual analysis, this six-volume set complements Series I (1918-1937 – From Armistice to North China), addressing the history between 1938 and1945. Despite the widespread operation of war-time censorship and surveillance, publishers in the West and, to a lesser degree in East Asia, put out a range of material that remains of considerable value to later generations. Some of the texts selected are undeniably partisan but the quantity of the published material (and to some extent its quality) left the general public with a vast and varied archive of printed matter that deserves to be consulted and debated by today's researchers and students. Greater attention is given to American and British literature rather than Chinese or Japanese simply by virtue of the practical realities.

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