scholarly journals Hidden biodiversity in microarthropods (Acari, Oribatida, Eremaeoidea, Caleremaeus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Lienhard ◽  
Günther Krisper
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

AbstractA challenge for taxonomists all over the world and across all taxonomic groups is recognizing and delimiting species, and cryptic species are even more challenging. However, an accurate identification is fundamental for all biological studies from ecology to conversation biology. We used a multidisciplinary approach including genetics as well as morphological and ecological data to assess if an easily recognizable, widely distributed and euryoecious mite taxon represents one and the same species. According to phylogenetic (based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes) and species delimitation analyses, five distinct putative species were detected and supported by high genetic distances. These genetic lineages correlate well with ecological data, and each species could be associated to its own (micro)habitat. Subsequently, slight morphological differences were found and provide additional evidence that five different species occur in Central and Southern Europe. The minuteness and the characteristic habitus of Caleremaeus monilipes tempted to neglect potential higher species diversity. This problem might concern several other “well-known” euryoecious microarthropods. Five new species of the genus Caleremaeus are described, namely Caleremaeus mentobellus sp. nov., C. lignophilus sp. nov., C. alpinus sp. nov., C. elevatus sp. nov., and C. hispanicus sp. nov. Additionally, a morphological evaluation of C. monilipes is presented.

scholarly journals Revision of moles in the genus Scapanus

Therya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-281
Author(s):  
Sergio Ticul Alvarez Castañeda ◽  
Patricia Cortés-Calva
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Subspecies Level ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Morphological Differences

Scapanus latimanus is a species with many morphological differences among its populations.  This variation is associated with multiple taxonomic changes at the species or subspecies level.  This study incorporates genetic analyses and comparisons with previous morphological studies to propose a better understanding of the latimanus complex.  Mitochondrial markers (cytochrome b; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I; and cytochrome c oxidase subunit III) were sequenced to construct a phylogeny for the subfamily Scalopinae in North America.  Genetic distances ranged from 2.49 to 10.50 % among geographic areas.  Results identified three monophyletic clades with high bootstrap support values.  Based on our phylogenetic analysis and previous morphological analyses, we confirm S. anthonyi from San Pedro Mártir as a valid species and propose that S. occultus from southern California and northern Baja California peninsula be considered as a species

Multidisciplinary approach to cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection with an appeal for attention to details in assessment and standardization in reporting

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 452-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken R. Winston ◽  
Susan A. Dolan
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Shunt Infection ◽  
Csf Shunt ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Meaningful Information ◽  
Valid Data ◽  
Csf Shunt Infection ◽  
Criteria For Diagnosis ◽  
Shunt Infections

Object The goal of this study was to evaluate the problems encountered in monitoring CSF shunt infection, including the collection, analysis, and reporting of data. The authors propose a system that would produce more accurate, and hence more meaningful, information on shunt infection than do the methodologies and customs now in common use. Methods The authors reviewed and analyzed 19 years of quarterly records of a committee that has addressed CSF shunt infection in an ongoing manner. Results There are strong incentives, political and otherwise, to identify low rates of CSF shunt infection. Details of the composition and operation of a multidisciplinary approach to CSF shunt infection are summarized. Many factors affect the occurrence of shunt infection and its accurate assessment and reporting. Easily accessible sources for the identification of cases of shunt infections and for the assessment of an at-risk population often contain discrepancies in significant numbers. Conclusions Multidisciplinary oversight of the entire matter of CSF shunt infection enhances the chances for collecting accurate data, identifying causes of infection, and developing effective preventative strategies. Valid data require a mechanism for finding all individuals within the at-risk pool; the accurate identification of patients who had shunt infections; standard, pragmatic, and robust criteria for diagnosis of shunt infection; and multidisciplinary oversight of the entire process.

Choiromyces cerebriformis (Tuberaceae), a new hypogeous species from Yunnan, China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 482 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-260
Author(s):  
TIAN-JUN YUAN ◽  
OLIVIER RASPÉ ◽  
YONG-JUN LI ◽  
LI WANG ◽  
KAI-MEI SU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Light Orange

A new hypogeous species, Choiromyces cerebriformis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Yunnan province, China. Both morphological evidence and sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) support the species as new to science. C. cerebriformis differs from other Choiromyces species in having ascomata with larger lobes and light orange-brown gleba, and globose ascospores with short stick-like sparse spines ornamentation. Morphological differences and genetic distances with the similar species C. helanshanensis and C. alveolatus are discussed. A phenotypic key including related species is provided.

Genetic variation in Trithuria inconspicua and T. filamentosa (Hydatellaceae): a new subspecies and a hypothesis of apomixis arising within a predominantly selfing lineage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob D. Smissen ◽  
Kerry A. Ford ◽  
Paul D. Champion ◽  
Peter B. Heenan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Minimum Evolution ◽  
The North ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
High Level

While examining herbarium specimens of Trithuria inconspicua Cheeseman, we observed differences in the stigmatic hairs among plants from New Zealand’s North and South Islands. This motivated us to assess genetic and morphological variation within this species and its sister T. filamentosa Rodway from Tasmania. Samples were collected from lakes in the three disjunct geographic areas where the two species occur. Genetic variation in both species was assessed with simple sequence-repeat (SSR, microsatellite) markers and analyses of genetic distances. We also compared the morphology of northern and southern New Zealand T. inconspicua using fresh material. Samples of each species clustered together in a minimum evolution tree built from genetic distances. Trithuria filamentosa had more genetic diversity than did T. inconspicua. Within T. inconspicua, plants from lakes in the North Island and the South Island formed discrete genetic groups diagnosable by subtle morphological differences. Low levels of heterozygosity in both species are consistent with a high level of selfing, as suggested for other co-sexual Trithuria species, but unusual for a putative apomict. On the basis of genetic and morphological variation, we propose recognition of the northern New Zealand and southern New Zealand lineages of T. inconspicua at subspecies rank.

The recognition of infraspecific taxa in Juniperus brevifolia (Cupressaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 188 (5) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUI BENTO ELIAS ◽  
EDUARDO DIAS
Keyword(s):  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
Contact Zones ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
Morphological Differences

Based on morphological, genetic and ecological data, we describe new infraspecific taxa of the Azorean endemic Juniperus brevifolia. J. brevifolia subsp. maritima is an erect shrub or small tree, found in Flores, Terceira, Pico and São Jorge , in coastal scrubs below 100 m. J. brevifolia subsp. brevifolia occurs in all islands of the archipelago except Graciosa, between 300 and 1500 m. J. brevifolia subsp. brevifolia var. brevifolia is a small to medium tree found between 300 and 1000 m. J. brevifolia subsp. brevifolia var. montanum is a small prostrate shrub, common in mountain scrubs and blanket bogs, between 850 and 1500 m. The most striking morphological differences of subsp. maritima are the larger leaves, seed cones and seeds. Phenological patterns of the subspecies also differ, notably in the periods of seed maturation and pollination. The distribution of taxa within islands is peripatric. Coastal populations (subsp. maritima) are small and isolated from the usually much larger subsp. brevifolia populations, above 300 m. In subsp. brevifolia the varieties are parapatric, since their ranges are adjacent to each other, occurring together in narrow contact zones.

scholarly journals Adaptive response to olive cultivation in a generalist parasitic nematode (Meloidogyne javanica)

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-368
Author(s):  
Elodie Chapuis ◽  
Nadeen Ali ◽  
Camille Noûs ◽  
Guillaume Besnard
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Asexual Parasite ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Wild Progenitors

Abstract Cultivated plants usually differ from their wild progenitors in several morphological and/or physiological traits. Their microbe communities might also differ because of adaptation to new conditions related to cultivation. To test this hypothesis, we investigated morphological traits in a parthenogenetic root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) from natural and agricultural environments. Seventeen populations of M. javanica were sampled on cultivated and wild olives in Morocco, then maintained in controlled conditions for a ‘common garden’ experiment. We estimated the genetic variation based on three traits (stylet size, neck width and body width) by a quantitative genetic design (ten families per population and nine individuals per family were measured), and molecular variation was investigated with a mitochondrial marker to identify the genetic lineages of nematode isolates sampled from wild and cultivated olives. Significant morphological differences were detected between individuals from wild vs. cultivated hosts for the three traits, whereas no phylogenetic clustering was observed among isolates collected on those two hosts. Our results thus suggest an adaptive response of the asexual parasite, possibly related to the deep modification of soil nematode communities between natural olive stands and orchards.

The noble and the exalted: a multidisciplinary approach to resolving a taxonomic controversy within Ptilotus (Amaranthaceae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Hammer ◽  
Paul D. Macintyre ◽  
Francis J. Nge ◽  
Robert W. Davis ◽  
Ladislav Mucina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Ecological Data

A molecular study on Ptilotus nobilis (Lindl.) F.Muell. var. nobilis and P. exaltatus Nees var. exaltatus led to the conclusion that these taxa are conspecific, resulting in the synonymisation of the latter under the former as P. nobilis subsp. nobilis. In this study, we test previous taxonomic concepts in the P. nobilis–P. exaltatus species group by examining (1) the morphology of specimens in the herbarium and field, and (2) ecological and geographic partitioning of two widespread and broadly sympatric taxa in the group, using Maxent and CART models. We provide strong evidence supporting the reinstatement of P. exaltatus as distinct from P. nobilis, on the basis of multiple morphological characters and strong ecological and geographic partitioning, the latter showing how large-scale ecological data can be used to help resolve taxonomic issues. In addition, we raise P. nobilis subsp. angustifolius (Benl) Lally & W.R.Barker to the rank of species as P. angustifolius (Benl) T.Hammer and reinstate P. semilanatus (Lindl.) F.Muell. ex J.M.Black.

scholarly journals Where Taxonomy Based on Subtle Morphological Differences Is Perfectly Mirrored by Huge Genetic Distances: DNA Barcoding in Protura (Hexapoda)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e90653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Carol Resch ◽  
Julia Shrubovych ◽  
Daniela Bartel ◽  
Nikolaus U. Szucsich ◽  
Gerald Timelthaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Morphological Differences

Are Pecten maximus and Pecten jacobaeus different species?

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 949-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S. Wilding ◽  
Andy R. Beaumont ◽  
John W. Latchford
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Pecten Maximus ◽  
Allozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Similar Magnitude ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Dna Pcr

Two members of the scallop genus Pecten (Bivalvia: Pectinidae) occur in European waters. Pecten maximus is largely an Atlantic species whilst Pecten jacobaeus is almost completely confined to Mediterranean waters despite slight overlap of distributions in the western Mediterranean. Genetic distances between these species were estimated using both allozyme electrophoresis and mitochondrial DNA PCR–RFLP and shown to be of a similar magnitude to intraspecific values, considerably lower than expected for congeneric species. These data are discussed in the light of recognised morphological differences, hybrid rearing trials and previous studies examining genetic distance by allozyme methodologies.

scholarly journals Effects of sea ice on Arctic biota: an emerging crisis discipline

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 20170702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Macias-Fauria ◽  
Eric Post
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Arctic Biota ◽  
Area And Volume

The rapid decline in Arctic sea ice (ASI) extent, area and volume during recent decades is occurring before we can understand many of the mechanisms through which ASI interacts with biological processes both at sea and on land. As a consequence, our ability to predict and manage the effects of this enormous environmental change is limited, making this a crisis discipline . Here, we propose a framework to study these effects, defining direct effects as those acting on life-history events of Arctic biota, and indirect effects , where ASI acts upon biological systems through chains of events, normally involving other components of the physical system and/or biotic interactions. Given the breadth and complexity of ASI's effects on Arctic biota, Arctic research requires a truly multidisciplinary approach to address this issue. In the absence of effective global efforts to tackle anthropogenic global warming, ASI will likely continue to decrease, compromising the conservation of many ASI-related taxonomic groups and ecosystems. Mitigation actions will rely heavily on the knowledge acquired on the mechanisms and components involved with the biological effects of ASI.

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