scholarly journals Synthesis, structure, and properties of carbon/carbon composites artificial rib for chest wall reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhoujian Tan ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Jianming Ruan ◽  
Jiqiao Liao ◽  
Fenglei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Carbon Matrix ◽  
Chemical Vapor Infiltration ◽  
Chest Wall Reconstruction ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Artificial Bones

AbstractIn this work, braided carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composites (3D-C/C composites) are prepared by chemical vapor infiltration process. Their composite structure, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and in vivo experiments are investigated and compared with those of traditional 2.5D-C/C composites and titanium alloys TC4. The results show that 3D-C/C composites are composed of reinforced braided carbon fiber bundles and pyrolytic carbon matrix and provide 51% open pores with a size larger than 100 μm for tissue adhesion and growth. The Young’s modulus of 3D-C/C composites is about 5 GPa, much smaller than those of 2.5D-C/C composites and TC4, while close to the autogenous bone. 3D-C/C composites have a higher tensile strength (167 MPa) and larger elongation (5.0%) than 2.5D-C/C composites (81 MPa and 0.7%), and do not show obvious degradation after 1 × 106 cyclic tensile loading. The 3D-C/C composites display good biocompatibility and have almost no artifacts on CT imaging. The in vivo experiment reveals that 3D-C/C composites artificial ribs implanted in dogs do not show displacement or fracture in 1 year, and there are no obvious proliferation and inflammation in the soft tissues around 3D-C/C composites implant. Our findings demonstrate that 3D-C/C composites are suitable for chest wall reconstruction and present great potentials in artificial bones.

scholarly journals Chest wall reconstruction with 3-dimensional custom-made carbon fiber ribs

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. e177-e179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Xilong Mei ◽  
Wenliang Liu ◽  
Fenglei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Chest Wall Reconstruction ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Custom Made

Microstructure Analysis of a Carbon–Carbon Composite Using Argon Ion Etching

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Pfrang ◽  
Boris Reznik ◽  
Thomas Schimmel ◽  
Dagmar Gerthsen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Carbon Matrix ◽  
Chemical Vapor Infiltration ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Ion Etching ◽  
Carbon Fiber Felt

The microstructure of carbon–carbon composites obtained by chemical vapor infiltration of a carbon fiber felt was comparatively studied by reflection light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Ar+ ion etching was used to reveal and distinguish structural units of the pyrolytic carbon matrix. Mechanically polished samples, polished and subsequently ion etched samples, and fractured samples were compared. The values of surface roughness and surface height after polishing or after polishing and subsequent etching determined by AFM and LSCM correlate well with the degree of texture of the matrix layers obtained by polarized light microscopy and selected area electron diffraction. The carbon matrix is composed of structural units or “cells,” which contain a carbon fiber and a sequence of several differently textured layers around each fiber. Within high-textured layers columnar grains are well recognizable using polarized reflection light microscopy and confocal microscopy. The size of depressions within high-textured carbon layers found by AFM after ion etching correlates well with the size of differently tilted domains detected by both TEM and SEM.

scholarly journals Ablation Behavior of the SiC-Coated Three-Dimensional Highly Thermal Conductive Mesophase-Pitch-Based Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Carbon Matrix Composite under Plasma Flame

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2723
Author(s):  
Chong Ye ◽  
Dong Huang ◽  
Baoliu Li ◽  
Pingjun Yang ◽  
Jinshui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Carbon Matrix ◽  
Ablation Rate ◽  
Chemical Vapor Infiltration ◽  
Mesophase Pitch ◽  
Plasma Flame ◽  
Ablation Resistance

This study is focused on a novel high-thermal-conductive C/C composite used in heat-redistribution thermal protection systems. The 3D mesophase pitch-based carbon fiber (CFMP) preform was prepared using CFMP in the X (Y) direction and polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber (CFPAN) in the Z direction. After the preform was densified by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) and polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP), the 3D high-thermal-conductive C/C (CMP/C) composite was obtained. The prepared CMP/C composite has higher thermal conduction in the X and Y directions. After an ablation test, the CFPAN becomes needle-shaped, while the CFMP shows a wedge shape. The fiber/matrix and matrix/matrix interfaces are preferentially oxidized and damaged during ablation. After being coated by SiC coating, the thermal conductivity plays a significant role in decreasing the hot-side temperature and protecting the SiC coating from erosion by flame. The SiC-coated CMP/C composite has better ablation resistance than the SiC-coated CPAN/C composite. The mass ablation rate of the sample is 0.19 mg·(cm−2·s−1), and the linear ablation rate is 0.52 μm·s−1.

Fabrication of carbon-carbon composites by forced flow-thermal gradient chemical vapor infiltration

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1469-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundar Vaidyaraman ◽  
W. Jack Lackey ◽  
Garth B. Freeman ◽  
Pradeep K. Agrawal ◽  
Matthew D. Langman
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Carbon Matrix ◽  
Chemical Vapor Infiltration ◽  
Forced Flow ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Vapor Infiltration

Carbon fiber-carbon matrix composites were fabricated using the forced flow-thermal gradient chemical vapor infiltration (FCVI) process. The preforms for the infiltration were prepared by stacking 40 layers of carbon cloth in a graphite holder. The preforms were infiltrated with carbon using propylene or methane as a reactant, with hydrogen as a diluent. Composites with porosities as low as 7% have been processed within 8-12 h. The highest deposition rate obtained in the present study was ∼3 μm/h, which is more than an order of magnitude faster than the typical value of 0.1-0.25 μm/h for the isothermal infiltration process.

Biological and biomedical applications of collagenous biomaterials

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 856-857
Author(s):  
Yasushi P. Kato ◽  
Michael G. Dunn ◽  
Frederick H. Silver ◽  
Arthur J. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Cover Slip ◽  
Fibroblast Migration ◽  
Cellular Expression ◽  
Defect Repair

Collagenous biomaterials have been used for growing cells in vitro as well as for augmentation and replacement of hard and soft tissues. The substratum used for culturing cells is implicated in the modulation of phenotypic cellular expression, cellular orientation and adhesion. Collagen may have a strong influence on these cellular parameters when used as a substrate in vitro. Clinically, collagen has many applications to wound healing including, skin and bone substitution, tendon, ligament, and nerve replacement. In this report we demonstrate two uses of collagen. First as a fiber to support fibroblast growth in vitro, and second as a demineralized bone/collagen sponge for radial bone defect repair in vivo.For the in vitro study, collagen fibers were prepared as described previously. Primary rat tendon fibroblasts (1° RTF) were isolated and cultured for 5 days on 1 X 15 mm sterile cover slips. Six to seven collagen fibers, were glued parallel to each other onto a circular cover slip (D=18mm) and the 1 X 15mm cover slip populated with 1° RTF was placed at the center perpendicular to the collagen fibers. Fibroblast migration from the 1 x 15mm cover slip onto and along the collagen fibers was measured daily using a phase contrast microscope (Olympus CK-2) with a calibrated eyepiece. Migratory rates for fibroblasts were determined from 36 fibers over 4 days.

Modified chest wall reconstruction after sternum necrosis in cardiac surgery patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tewarie ◽  
A.K. Moza ◽  
A. Goetzenich ◽  
R. Zayat ◽  
R. Autschbach
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Chest Wall Reconstruction

A Comparative Study of the in vivo Distribution of 32P-Polyphosphates and 32P-Orthophosphate

1972 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Esther Miller ◽  
Leopoldo Anghileri
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
In Vivo Distribution ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Total Body

SummaryThe distribution of 32P-polyphosphates (lineal and cross-linked) and 32Porthophosphate in normal and tumor bearing animals has been studied. Differences between the cross-linked and the lineal form are related to a different degree of susceptibility to the hydrolysis by the phosphatases. In contrast to orthophosphate, the polyphosphates showed a lower accumulation in soft tissues which gives an advantageous reduction of the total body radiation dose.

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