scholarly journals Superconducting insulators and localization of Cooper pairs

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Yu. Arutyunov ◽  
Janne S. Lehtinen ◽  
Alexey Radkevich ◽  
Andrew G. Semenov ◽  
Andrei D. Zaikin
Keyword(s):  
Coulomb Blockade ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Cooper Pairs ◽  
Physical Concept ◽  
Superconducting Nanowires ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Dielectric Barriers ◽  
Flux Charge ◽  
Phase Slips

AbstractRapid miniaturization of electronic devices and circuits demands profound understanding of fluctuation phenomena at the nanoscale. Superconducting nanowires – serving as important building blocks for such devices – may seriously suffer from fluctuations which tend to destroy long-range order and suppress superconductivity. In particular, quantum phase slips (QPS) proliferating at low temperatures may turn a quasi-one-dimensional superconductor into a resistor or an insulator. Here, we introduce a physical concept of QPS-controlled localization of Cooper pairs that may occur even in uniform nanowires without any dielectric barriers being a fundamental manifestation of the flux-charge duality in superconductors. We demonstrate – both experimentally and theoretically – that deep in the “insulating” state such nanowires actually exhibit non-trivial superposition of superconductivity and weak Coulomb blockade of Cooper pairs generated by quantum tunneling of magnetic fluxons across the wire.

scholarly journals Квантовая динамика заряда в квазиодномерных сверхпроводниках

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2096
Author(s):  
Я.С. Лехтинен ◽  
Б.Г. Львов ◽  
К.Ю. Арутюнов
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Coulomb Blockade ◽  
Order Parameter ◽  
Quantum Dynamics ◽  
Quantum Fluctuations ◽  
Quantum Phase ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Coulomb Gap ◽  
Phase Slips

Abstract —Volt-ampere characteristics of narrow superconducting titanum wires have been studied experimentally. The narrowest specimens measured by means of high-resistance contacts have revealed a behavior nontrivial for superconductors: the Coulomb blockade. The Coulomb gap size correlates with the frequency of quantum phase slips. The observation confirms the identity of quantum dynamics of charge in the Josephson junctions and in the quasi-one-dimensional superconducting channels in the regime of quantum fluctuations of the order parameter.

Shape memory alloy–actuated prestressed composites with application to morphing automotive fender skirts

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkata Siva C Chillara ◽  
Leon M Headings ◽  
Ryohei Tsuruta ◽  
Eiji Itakura ◽  
Umesh Gandhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Smart Composite ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Flat Shape

This work presents smart laminated composites that enable morphing vehicle structures. Morphing panels can be effective for drag reduction, for example, adaptive fender skirts. Mechanical prestress provides tailored curvature in composites without the drawbacks of thermally induced residual stress. When driven by smart materials such as shape memory alloys, mechanically-prestressed composites can serve as building blocks for morphing structures. An analytical energy-based model is presented to calculate the curved shape of a composite as a function of force applied by an embedded actuator. Shape transition is modeled by providing the actuation force as an input to a one-dimensional thermomechanical constitutive model of a shape memory alloy wire. A design procedure, based on the analytical model, is presented for morphing fender skirts comprising radially configured smart composite elements. A half-scale fender skirt for a compact passenger car is designed, fabricated, and tested. The demonstrator has a domed unactuated shape and morphs to a flat shape when actuated using shape memory alloys. Rapid actuation is demonstrated by coupling shape memory alloys with integrated quick-release latches; the latches reduce actuation time by 95%. The demonstrator is 62% lighter than an equivalent dome-shaped steel fender skirt.

scholarly journals Is the Responsibility to Protect an Accepted Norm of International Law in the post-Libya Era?

2018 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Jeremy Sarkin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
One Dimensional

This article explores the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) in the post-Libya era to determinewhether it is now an accepted norm of international law. It examines what RtoP means intoday`s world and whether the norm now means that steps will be taken against states thatare committing serious human rights violations. The building blocks of RtoP are examined tosee how to make the doctrine more relevant and more applicable. It is contended that theresponsibility to react should be viewed through a much wider lens and that it needs to bemore widely interpreted to allow it to gain greater support. It is argued that there is a need tofocus far more on the responsibility to rebuild and that it ought to focus on the transitionallegal architecture as well as transitional justice. It is contended that these processes ought notto be one-dimensional, but ought to have a variety of constituent parts. It is further arguedthat the international and donor community ought to be far more engaged and far moredirective in these projects.

scholarly journals Straightforward Preparation of Supramolecular Janus Nanorods by Hydrogen Bonding of End-Functionalized Polymers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaiyuan Han ◽  
Sandrine Pensec ◽  
Cédric Lorthioir ◽  
Jacques Jestin ◽  
Jean-Michel Guigner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Phase Segregation ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Functionalized Polymers ◽  
Nanometer Range ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
First Time

Janus cylinders are one-dimensional colloids that have two faces with different compositions and functionalities and are useful as building blocks for advanced functional materials. Such anisotropic objects are difficult to prepare with nanometric dimensions. Here we describe a robust and versatile strategy to form micrometer long Janus nanorods with diameters in the 10-nanometer range, by self-assembly in water of end-functionalized polymers. For the first time, the Janus topology is not a result of the phase segregation of incompatible polymer arms, but is driven by the interactions between unsymmetrical and complementary hydrogen bonded stickers. It is therefore independent of the actual polymers used and works even for compatible polymers. To illustrate their applicative potential, we show that these Janus nanorods can efficiently stabilize oil-in-water emulsions.

Fabrications and Electron Transport Properties of One Dimensional Arrays of Gold and Sulfur Containing Fullerene Nanoparticles

2001 ◽  
Vol 704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Ming Shih ◽  
Wei-Fang Su ◽  
Yuh-Jiuan Lin ◽  
Cen-Shawn Wu ◽  
Chii-Dong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Coulomb Blockade ◽  
Fullerene Derivative ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Fullerene Nanoparticles ◽  
Electron Transport Properties ◽  
2D Arrays ◽  
Sulfur Containing

AbstractNovel arrays of gold nanoparticles with sulfur containing fullerene nanoparticles were self-assembled through the formation of Au-S covalent bonds. Disulfide functional groups were introduced into C60 molecule by reacting propyl 2-aminoethyl disulfide with C60. The two dimensional(2D) arrays were formed at the interface of aqueous phase of gold particles and organic phase of fullerene particles as a blue transparent film. TEM images showed that the fullerene spacing between adjacent Au(~10 nm) particles was about 2.1±0.4 nm, which was consistent with the result of 2.18 nm by molecular molding calculations(MM+). The arrays were deposited on the top of pairs of gold electrodes to form 2D colloidal single electron devices. The electrode pairs were made by electron beam lithography techniques, and the separation between tips of the two electrodes in a pair was less then 100 nm. Transport measurements at low temperatures exhibited Coulomb-Blockade type current-voltage characteristics, the lower the temperature the more pronounced the Coulomb gap. Also, step-by-step method was used to assemble one-dimensional(1D) array of gold nanoparticles with fullerene derivative between two electrodes spaced with 15 nm. The Coulomb blockade behavior of 1D arrays was clearer than that of 2D arrays.

Controllable morphology and self-assembly of one-dimensional luminescent crystals based on alkyl-fluoro-substituted dithienophenazines

CrystEngComm ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1669-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxian Song ◽  
Hanbo Yu ◽  
Yuewei Zhang ◽  
Yang Miao ◽  
Kaiqi Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Alkyl Chains

A class of dithienophenazine derivatives, 9,10-difluoro-2,5-dialkyldithieno[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine (F-n, n = 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8), modified with various lengths of linear alkyl chains were synthesized and used as building blocks to assemble luminescent one-dimensional (1D) nano/microcrystals.

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