scholarly journals Spinal cord blood flow changes following systemic hypothermia and spinal cord compression injury: an experimental study in the rat using Laser-Doppler flowmetry

Spinal Cord ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Westergren ◽  
M Farooque ◽  
Y Olsson ◽  
A Holtz
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Compression Injury ◽  
Spinal Cord Blood Flow ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Systemic Hypothermia ◽  
Flow Changes

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Spinal Cord Blood Flow of the Canine

1977 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-417
Author(s):  
S. Nakahara ◽  
M. Nasu ◽  
T. Ogura ◽  
K. Hiraba ◽  
T. Imai
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Spinal Cord Blood Flow

Validation of laser-Doppler flowmetry in measurement of spinal cord blood flow

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. H674-H680 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Lindsberg ◽  
J. T. O'Neill ◽  
I. A. Paakkari ◽  
J. M. Hallenbeck ◽  
G. Feuerstein
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Laser Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Microvascular Blood Flow ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Spinal Cord Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry

Laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is a non-invasive method for continuous on-line monitoring of microvascular blood flow. LDF has previously been validated with established methods in various tissues, yet its validity and resolution in the central nervous system (CNS) remain unclear. We compared LDF with the microsphere method (MS) using two independent laser probes placed on the dorsal lumbar spinal cord (L5 laminectomy) of anesthetized rabbits (n = 9). After base-line flow measurements, spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) was increased (up to 50%) with phenylephrine (10-80 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 iv) and decreased (up to 50%) with chlorisondamine (10 mg/kg iv) or other stimuli. The percentage changes of lumbar SCBF and vascular resistance (VR) from the base line obtained by LDF and MS excellently agreed (rBF = 0.86, rVR = 0.94, P less than 0.0001). LDF estimated also the absolute SCBF values parallel to MS (r = 0.77, P less than 0.001). In conclusion, the validity of LDF in estimating the SCBF and dynamic changes of BF and VR is confirmed. Therefore, LDF may prove useful for monitoring CNS microcirculation in normal or pathophysiological states.

scholarly journals Towards rapid intraoperative axial localization of spinal cord ischemia with epidural diffuse correlation monitoring

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251271
Author(s):  
David R. Busch ◽  
Wei Lin ◽  
Chia Chieh Goh ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Nicholas Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Spinal Cord Ischemia ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Spinal Cord Blood Flow ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Spinal cord ischemia leads to iatrogenic injury in multiple surgical fields, and the ability to immediately identify onset and anatomic origin of ischemia is critical to its management. Current clinical monitoring, however, does not directly measure spinal cord blood flow, resulting in poor sensitivity/specificity, delayed alerts, and delayed intervention. We have developed an epidural device employing diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) to monitor spinal cord ischemia continuously at multiple positions. We investigate the ability of this device to localize spinal cord ischemia in a porcine model and validate DCS versus Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF). Specifically, we demonstrate continuous (>0.1Hz) spatially resolved (3 locations) monitoring of spinal cord blood flow in a purely ischemic model with an epidural DCS probe. Changes in blood flow measured by DCS and LDF were highly correlated (r = 0.83). Spinal cord blood flow measured by DCS caudal to aortic occlusion decreased 62%. This monitor demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.87 and specificity of 0.91 for detection of a 25% decrease in flow. This technology may enable early identification and critically important localization of spinal cord ischemia.

Interleukin-1 beta enhances spinal cord blood flow after intrathecal administration in the normal rat

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (5) ◽  
pp. R1032-R1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Plata-Salaman ◽  
G. Kelly ◽  
C. Agresta ◽  
K. Taylor ◽  
S. K. Salzman
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
Intrathecal Administration ◽  
Interleukin 1 Beta ◽  
Spinal Cord Blood Flow ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry

The effects of acute intrathecal recombinant human interleukin-1 beta (rhIL-1 beta) administration on spinal cord blood flow (SCBF), volume, and velocity were determined by laser-Doppler flowmetry in normal anesthetized rats with the use of a randomized and blinded protocol. The intrathecal administration of rhIL-1 beta (0.16-16 ng) produced a dose-dependent increase in SCBF that was not related to changes in blood pressure; arterial pH, PO2, PCO2; or spinal cord temperature. The IL-1 beta-induced enhancement of SCBF was directly proportional to the resultant elevation of spinal cord rhIL-1 beta content and was significantly correlated with an elevated blood velocity. The IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in concentrations 50- and 200-fold higher than IL-1 beta completely blocked the IL-1 beta-induced increase in SCBF when both compounds were administered concomitantly, but when administered alone, IL-1ra did not affect SCBF or other parameters. This suggests that IL-1 beta action was mediated by a specific interaction with an IL-1 membrane receptor site. The results suggest a role of IL-1 beta in the regulation of spinal cord hemodynamics. A potential pharmacological approach using IL-1 agonists for the treatment of the delayed appearance of posttraumatic spinal ischemia is proposed.

Regional spinal cord blood flow in rats after severe cord trauma

1978 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 844-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex S. Rivlin ◽  
Charles H. Tator
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Compression Injury ◽  
Spinal Cord Blood Flow ◽  
Compression Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cord Injury

✓ Spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) was measured in 12 albino rats following acute cord injury produced by the extradural clip compression technique. Severe injury was produced with the clip compressing the cord with a force of 180 gm for 5 minutes, an injury previously shown to produce a severe functional deficit. Regional SCBF was measured 15 minutes, 2 hours, and 24 hours after injury by the 14C-antipyrine autoradiographic technique and a scanning microscope photometer. At 15 minutes and 2 hours, white and gray matter blood flow was severely diminished, and, at 24 hours, there was only minimal improvement. Focal decreases in blood flow were seen in white and gray matter for a considerable distance proximal and distal to the site of cord trauma. Thus, it has been confirmed in this model that severe cord compression injury produces severe posttraumatic ischemia in the cord which lasts for at least 24 hours.

Effect of acute spinal cord compression injury on regional spinal cord blood flow in primates

1976 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 660-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan N. Sandler ◽  
Charles H. Tator
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Compression Injury ◽  
Spinal Cord Blood Flow ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cord Injury

✓ Spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) was measured in 24 rhesus monkeys after injury to the cord produced by the inflatable circumferential extradural cuff technique. Measurement of regional blood flow in the white and gray matter of the cord in areas of 0.1 sq mm was achieved with the 14C-antipyrine autoradiographic technique and a scanning microscope photometer. After moderate cord injury (400 mm Hg pressure in the cuff maintained for 5 minutes), which produced paraplegia in 50% of animals and moderate to severe paresis in the other 50%, mean white matter SCBF was significantly decreased for up to 1 hour. White matter blood flow then rose to normal levels by 6 hours posttrauma and was significantly increased by 24 hours posttrauma. Gray matter SCBF was significantly decreased for the entire 24-hour period post-trauma. After severe cord injury (150 mm Hg pressure in the cuff maintained for 3 hours), which produced total paraplegia in almost all animals, SCBF in white and gray matter was reduced to extremely low levels for 24 hours posttrauma. In addition, focal decreases in SCBF were seen in white and gray matter for considerable distances proximal and distal to the injury site. It is concluded that acute compression injury of the spinal cord is associated with long-lasting ischemia in the cord that increases in severity with the degree of injury.

scholarly journals Spatially resolved optical monitoring of spinal cord blood flow with a minimally invasive, multi-level epidural probe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Busch ◽  
Wei Lin ◽  
Chia Chieh Goh ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Nicholas Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Spinal Cord Ischemia ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Spinal Cord Blood Flow ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

AbstractSpinal cord ischemia leads to iatrogenic injury in multiple surgical fields, and the ability to immediately identify onset and anatomic origin of ischemia is critical to its management. Current clinical monitoring, however, does not directly measure spinal cord blood flow, resulting in poor sensitivity/specificity, delayed alerts, and delayed intervention. We have developed an epidural device employing diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) to monitor spinal cord ischemia continuously at multiple positions. We investigate the ability of this device to localize spinal cord ischemia in a porcine model and validate DCS versus Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF).Specifically, we demonstrate continuous (>0.1Hz) spatially resolved (3 locations) monitoring of spinal cord blood flow in a purely ischemic model with an epidural DCS probe. Changes in blood flow measured by DCS and LDF were highly correlated (r=0.83). Spinal cord blood flow measured by DCS caudal to aortic occlusion decreased 62%, with a sensitivity of 0.87 and specificity of 0.91 for detection of a 25% decrease in flow. This technology may enable early identification and critically important localization of spinal cord ischemia.

Failure of Naloxone to Improve Spinal Cord Blood Flow and Cardiac Output after Spinal Cord Injury

Neurosurgery ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Wallace ◽  
Charles H. Tator
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Compression Injury ◽  
Spinal Cord Blood Flow ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract It has been reported that the narcotic antagonist, naloxone, can improve spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) and clinical recovery after experimental spinal cord injury produced by the weight-dropping technique. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of naloxone on SCBF, cardiac output (CO) and blood flow to other organs following clip compression injury. Rats were anesthetized, paralyzed and ventilated, with mean systemic arterial pressure (MSAP) recorded continuously, After a C-7-T-1 laminectomy and a 1-minute acute compression injury with a 50-g clip at T-1, rats were given injections of radioactive microspheres for measurement of SCBF, CO, and blood flow to other organs. The first determination was made 15 minutes after injury and a second was made after a 1-hour treatment with naloxone. Treated animals each received an intravenous bolus injection of naloxone (10 mg/kg) followed by a 1-hour intravenous infusion (2 mg/kg/hour). Naloxone failed to improve posttraumatic SCBF in the injured spinal cord. In addition, naloxone did not prevent posttraumatic hypotension or the progressive decline in CO seen between 15 and 75 minutes after injury. Thus, this study does not support the previous claims of a beneficial effect of naloxone on posttraumatic SCBF and MSAP.

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