Assessment of endocrine disruption potential of essential oils of culinary herbs and spices involving glucocorticoid, androgen and vitamin D receptors

The availability of multiple teleost (bony fish) genomes is providing unprecedented opportunities to understand the diversity and function of gene duplication events using comparative genomics. Here we describe the cloning and functional characterization of two novel vitamin D receptor (VDR) paralogs from the freshwater teleost medaka (Oryzias latipes). VDR sequences were identified through mining of the medaka genome database in which gene organization and structure was determined. Two distinct VDR genes were identified in the medaka genome and mapped to defined loci. Each VDR sequence exhibits unique intronic organization and dissimilar 5′ untranslated regions, suggesting they are not isoforms of the same gene locus. Phylogenetic comparison with additional teleosts and mammalian VDR sequences illustrate that two distinct clusters are formed separating aquatic and terrestrial species. Nested within the teleost cluster are two separate clades for VDRα and VDRβ. The topology of teleost VDR sequences is consistent with the notion of paralogous genes arising from a whole genome duplication event prior to teleost radiation. Functional characterization was conducted through the development of VDR expression vectors including Gal4 chimeras containing the yeast Gal4 DNA binding domain fused to the medaka VDR ligand binding domain and full-length protein. The common VDR ligand 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3] resulted in significant transactivation activity with both the Gal4 and full-length constructs of medaka (m) VDRβ. Comparatively, transactivation of mVDRα with 1α,25(OH)2D3 was highly attenuated, suggesting a functional divergence between these two nuclear receptor paralogs. We additionally demonstrate through coactivator studies that mVDRα is still functional; however, it exhibits a different sensitivity to 1α,25(OH)2D3, compared with VDRβ. These results suggest that in mVDRα and VDRβ have undergone a functional divergence through a process of sub- and/or neofunctionalization of VDR nuclear receptor gene pairs.

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1615: Testicular Maturation Arrest to Testis Cancer - is there a Spectrum of Expression of Vitamin D Receptors and a Role for Vitamin D Treatment

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/s0022-5347(18)33807-2 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 175 (4S) ◽

pp. 520-521

Author(s):

Ajay K. Nangia ◽

Vince Memoli ◽

Alan Schned ◽

Oya Hill ◽

Catherine E. Schwender

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Testis Cancer ◽

Maturation Arrest ◽

Vitamin D Receptors

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Potential predictive marker of treatment effectiveness in patients with osteopenic syndrome after surgical menopause

GYNECOLOGY ◽

10.26442/20795696.2020.4.200188 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 39-42

Author(s):

Yansiiat Z. Zaydieva ◽

Elena V. Kruchinina ◽

Olga S. Gorenkova ◽

Elena Yu. Polyakova ◽

Elena N. Kareva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Combination Therapy ◽

Vitamin D Receptor ◽

Surrogate Marker ◽

Predictive Marker ◽

Expression Level ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Vitamin D Receptors ◽

Surgical Menopause

Introduction. Patients with surgical menopause have a risk for osteopenic syndrome (OS). Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in combination with calcium and vitamin D promotes increase in bone mineral density (BMD). The expression level of vitamin D receptor in mononuclear fraction cells (MNFC) of blood can be considered as a predictive marker of effectiveness of OS therapy. Aim. To search a molecular predictive marker of the effectiveness of OS treatment. Materials and methods. The study included 100 women aged 4055 years with a duration of surgical menopause from 12 months to 6 years. The criterion for including patients in the study was the absence of contraindications to the use of MHT. The subject of the study was the determination of BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, polymerase chain reaction diagnostics of the level of expression of vitamin D genes, estradiol and progesterone receptors, determination of 25-OH vitamin D in the blood. Results. Analysis of 12-month OS therapy effectiveness evaluated with a surrogate marker BMD. The increase in BMD up to 34% per year was treated as absence of negative dynamics, more than 4% per year as positive one. Significant effect of combination therapy compared with MHT on BMD in patients with surgical menopause with a low baseline level of BMD (due to hypovitaminosis D) is associated with the anti-inflammatory, bone-protective effect of vitamin D. In both groups of patients not responding; to the prescribed therapy we were able to conduct a comparative analysis of expression level of the target molecules in the MNFC before the start of treatment. The efficacy of MHT and combination therapy for BMD disorders is positively associated with the expression level of vitamin D receptors in MNFC before treatment. Therefore, the vitDR mRNA level is a potential predictive marker of the effectiveness of OS treatment. The expression levels of nuclear estradiol beta receptor and membrane receptor for progesterone in MNFC before treatment showed an upward trend in women responding to therapy. Conclusion. The expression level of the vitamin D receptor in MNFC of blood is significantly lower in the group of women with no/insufficient effect on 12-month combined therapy. This indicator can be considered as a predictive marker of the effectiveness of OS therapy.

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Vitamin D and Sleep Regulation: Is there a Role for Vitamin D?

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200310145935 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (21) ◽

pp. 2492-2496 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fiammetta Romano ◽

Giovanna Muscogiuri ◽

Elea Di Benedetto ◽

Volha V. Zhukouskaya ◽

Luigi Barrea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Sleep Disorders ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽

Regulatory Mechanisms ◽

Sleep Regulation ◽

Vitamin D Receptors ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

The Impact

Background: Vitamin D exerts multiple pleiotropic effects beyond its role in calcium-phosphate metabolism. Growing evidence suggests an association between hypovitaminosis D and sleep disorders, thus increasing the interest in the role of this vitamin in the regulatory mechanisms of the sleep-wake cycle. Objective: The study aimed to explore and summarize the current knowledge about the role of vitamin D in sleep regulation and the impact of vitamin D deficiency on sleep disorders. Methods: The main regulatory mechanisms of vitamin D on sleep are explained in this study. The literature was scanned to identify clinical trials and correlation studies showing an association between vitamin D deficiency and sleep disorders. Results: Vitamin D receptors and the enzymes that control their activation and degradation are expressed in several areas of the brain involved in sleep regulation. Vitamin D is also involved in the pathways of production of Melatonin, the hormone involved in the regulation of human circadian rhythms and sleep. Furthermore, vitamin D can affect sleep indirectly through non-specific pain disorders, correlated with alterations in sleep quality, such as restless legs syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Conclusions: : Vitamin D has both a direct and an indirect role in the regulation of sleep. Although vitamin D deficiency has been associated to sleep disorders, there is still scant evidence to concretely support the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention or treatment of sleep disturbances; indeed, more intervention studies are needed to better clarify these aspects.

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