Understanding the slowdown of whole slurry hydrolysis of steam pretreated lignocellulosic woody biomass catalyzed by an up-to-date enzyme cocktail

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 1048-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zhai ◽  
Jinguang Hu ◽  
Jack N. Saddler
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Enzyme Cocktail ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Whole Slurry ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Soluble Components

The key enzyme activities were selectively inhibited and/or deactivated by water-soluble components derived from pretreated lignocellulosic biomass.

Radioactive Lactose in Skim Milk Following Administration of Carbonyl-14C-Carbaryl to a Lactating Cow

1968 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1046-1049
Author(s):  
R L Baron
Keyword(s):  
Skim Milk ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Soluble Components

Abstract Administration of 2 g carbonyl-14C-carbaryl to a lactating cow resulted in radioactive residues in milk of approximately 1 % of the administered dose. Analysis of the distribution of radioactivity in skim milk showed 13 and 87% of the radioactivity present as organic-soluble and water-soluble components, respectively. Crystallization of lactose from the water-soluble components resulted in removal of 90—95% of the 14C radioactivity. The data obtained indicate that following hydrolysis of the carbonyl-14- C-carbaryl, a small quantity of 14C02 was incorporated into lactose

scholarly journals Steam Explosion Pretreatment of Beechwood. Part 1: Comparison of the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Washed Solids and Whole Pretreatment Slurry at Different Solid Loadings

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Balan ◽  
Andrzej Antczak ◽  
Simone Brethauer ◽  
Tomasz Zielenkiewicz ◽  
Michael H. Studer
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Steam Explosion Pretreatment ◽  
Pretreatment Temperature ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Whole Slurry ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Steam explosion is a well-known process to pretreat lignocellulosic biomass in order to enhance sugar yields in enzymatic hydrolysis, but pretreatment conditions have to be optimized individually for each material. In this study, we investigated how the results of a pretreatment optimization procedure are influenced by the chosen reaction conditions in the enzymatic hydrolysis. Beechwood was pretreated by steam explosion and the resulting biomass was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis at glucan loadings of 1% and 5% employing either washed solids or the whole pretreatment slurry. For enzymatic hydrolysis in both reaction modes at a glucan loading of 1%, the glucose yields markedly increased with increasing severity and with increasing pretreatment temperature at identical severities and maximal values were reached at a pretreatment temperature of 230 °C. However, the optimal severity was 5.0 for washed solids enzymatic hydrolysis, but only 4.75 for whole slurry enzymatic hydrolysis. When the glucan loading was increased to 5%, glucose yields hardly increased for pretreatment temperatures between 210 and 230 °C at a given severity, and a pretreatment temperature of 220 °C was sufficient under these conditions. Consequently, it is important to precisely choose the desired conditions of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction, when aiming to optimize the pretreatment conditions for a certain biomass.

scholarly journals Is Steam Explosion a Promising Pretreatment for Acid Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass?

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1626
Author(s):  
David Steinbach ◽  
Andrea Kruse ◽  
Jörg Sauer ◽  
Jonas Storz
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Subsequent Acid

For the production of sugars and biobased platform chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass, the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicelluloses to water-soluble sugars is a crucial step. As the complex structure of lignocellulosic biomass hinders an efficient hydrolysis via acid hydrolysis, a suitable pretreatment strategy is of special importance. The pretreatment steam explosion was intended to increase the accessibility of the cellulose fibers so that the subsequent acid hydrolysis of the cellulose to glucose would take place in a shorter time. Steam explosion pretreatment was performed with beech wood chips at varying severities with different reaction times (25–34 min) and maximum temperatures (186–223 °C). However, the subsequent acid hydrolysis step of steam-exploded residue was performed at constant settings at 180 °C with diluted sulfuric acid. The concentration profiles of the main water-soluble hydrolysis products were recorded. We showed in this study that the defibration of the macrofibrils in the lignocellulose structure during steam explosion does not lead to an increased rate of cellulose hydrolysis. So, steam explosion is not a suitable pretreatment for acid hydrolysis of hardwood lignocellulosic biomass.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass Using an Optimized Enzymatic Cocktail Prepared From Secretomes of Filamentous Fungi Isolated From Amazonian Biodiversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamella Santa Rosa ◽  
Jessica Batista de Oliveira ◽  
Spartaco Astolfi Filho ◽  
Nei Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Protein G ◽  
Enzyme Extract ◽  
Cellulose Pulp ◽  
Enzyme Cocktail ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Cassava Peel

Abstract The use of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) has emerged as one of the main strategies for generating renewable biofuels. For the efficient use of such feedstock, pretreatments are essential. The hydrolysis of cellulose – major component of LCB - demands enzymatic cocktails with improved efficiency to generate fermentable sugars. In this scenario, lignocellulolytic fungi have enormous potential for the development of efficient enzyme platforms. In this study, two enzymatic cocktails were developed for hydrolysis of two lignocellulosic biomasses: industrial cellulose pulp and cassava peel. The solid biomass ratio in relation to the protein content of the enzyme cocktail were performed by experimental design. The optimized cocktail for the hydrolysis of cellulose pulp (AMZ 1) was composed, in protein base, by 43% of Aspergillus sp LMI03 enzyme extract and 57% of T. reesei QM9414, while the optimal enzyme cocktail for cassava peel hydrolysis (AMZ 2) was composed by 50% of Aspergillus sp LMI03 enzyme extract, 25% of the extract of P. citrinum LMI01 and 25% of T. reesei. The ratio between solids and protein loading for AMZ 1 cocktail performance was 52 g/L solids and 30mg protein/g solids, resulting in a hydrolytic efficiency of 93%. For the AMZ 2 cocktail, the hydrolytic efficiency was 78% for an optimized ratio of 78g/L solids and 19mg protein/g solids. These results indicate that cocktails formulated with enzymatic extracts of P. citrinum LMI01, Aspergillus sp LMI03 and T. reesei QM9414 are excellent alternatives for efficient hydrolysis of plant biomass and for other processes that depend on biocatalysis.

Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Shin Nagaki ◽  
Hiroo Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

The Potential Migrated Mechanism of Water-Soluble Components in Pellets Prepared by Wet Extrusion/Spheronization: Effect of Drying Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingwei Wang ◽  
Jianping Liu ◽  
Zhenghua Li ◽  
Yulong Xia ◽  
Shuangshuang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Wet Extrusion ◽  
Extrusion Spheronization ◽  
Soluble Components

Background: At present, there were numerous researches on the migration of components in tablets and granules, the investigation in the pharmaceutical literatrue concerning the effect of drying rate on the migration of water-soluble components of pellets was limited. Temperature and relative humidity (RH) were crucial parameters during the drying process which was an essential step in the preparation of pellets via wet extrusion/spheronization. To quantify these variables, the water loss percentage of pellets per minute was defined as drying rate. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the influence of drying rate on the migration of water-soluble components in wet pellets and the potential migrated mechanism. Methods: The pellets containing tartrazine as a water-soluble model drug and microcrystalline cellulose as a matrix former were prepared by extrusion/spheronization and dried at four different drying temperature and relative humidity. Afterward, the extent of migrated tartrazine was assessed regarding appearance, in-vitro dissolution test, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, X-Ray Powder Diffraction, Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Confocal Raman Mapping. Results: Results demonstrated that red spots of tartrazine appeared on the surface of pellets and more than 40% tartrazine were burst released within 5 minutes when pellets dried at 60℃/RH 10%. While pellets dried at 40℃/RH 80%, none of these aforementioned phenomena was observed. Conclusion: In conclusion, the faster drying rate was, the more tartrazine migrated to the exterior of pellets. Adjusting drying temperature and relative humidity appropriately could inhibit the migration of water-soluble components within wet extrusion/spheronization pellets.

Recycling cellulases by pH-triggered adsorption-desorption during the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass

2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 5765-5774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Shang ◽  
Rongxin Su ◽  
Renliang Huang ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Wei Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Optimizing Chitin Depolymerization by Lysozyme to Long-Chain Oligosaccharides

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Arnaud Masselin ◽  
Antoine Rousseau ◽  
Stéphanie Pradeau ◽  
Laure Fort ◽  
Rodolphe Gueret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Egg White Lysozyme ◽  
Hen Egg White ◽  
Ecological Transition ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Long Chain

Chitin oligosaccharides (COs) hold high promise as organic fertilizers in the ongoing agro-ecological transition. Short- and long-chain COs can contribute to the establishment of symbiotic associations between plants and microorganisms, facilitating the uptake of soil nutrients by host plants. Long-chain COs trigger plant innate immunity. A fine investigation of these different signaling pathways requires improving the access to high-purity COs. Here, we used the response surface methodology to optimize the production of COs by enzymatic hydrolysis of water-soluble chitin (WSC) with hen egg-white lysozyme. The influence of WSC concentration, its acetylation degree, and the reaction time course were modelled using a Box–Behnken design. Under optimized conditions, water-soluble COs up to the nonasaccharide were formed in 51% yield and purified to homogeneity. This straightforward approach opens new avenues to determine the complex roles of COs in plants.

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