A Non-Invasive γ-Camera Technique for the Measurement of Intrarenal Flow Distribution in Man

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Gruenewald ◽  
C. C. Nimmon ◽  
M. K. Nawaz ◽  
K. E. Britton
Keyword(s):  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Renal Autoregulation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean

1. A new method, based on the transit time of o-iodohippurate sodium (Hippuran) through the kidney, is proposed as an accurate non-invasive means of measuring the intrarenal flow distribution in man. 2. Data from [123I]Hippuran γ-camera renography are utilized in this method which employs region of interest selection, deconvolution, cross-correlation and curve subtraction to obtain the spectrum of transit times through the cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons. 3. In 12 normal subjects the mean percentage cortical flow was 83.9% (sem 0.7%) which is approximately the anatomical proportion of cortical nephrons in the human kidney. 4. Cortical flow as a percentage of total was significantly reduced in 21 hypertensive patients, all of whom had no evidence of primary renal disease (mean 74.6%, sem 1.5%). 5. In both the normotensive and hypertensive groups there was a good correlation between the results obtained from the left and right kidneys of the same patient showing the parallel physiological response of the two kidneys (mean difference 4%, P < 0.001). 6. Reduction in the distribution of flow to the cortical nephrons in the essential hypertensive patients supports the hypothesis that renal autoregulation is important in this syndrome.

Plasma Cadmium and Zinc in Human Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Thind ◽  
Grace M. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Peripheral Venous Blood ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cadmium Zinc

1. Plasma cadmium and zinc were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in inferior venal caval or peripheral venous blood in thirty hypertensive patients and fifteen normal subjects. 2. The mean plasma cadmium in hypertensive patients was significantly higher than in normal control subjects. 3. The plasma cadmium/zinc ratio was significantly greater in hypertensive patients. 4. There was a significant positive correlation between the plasma cadmium/zinc ratio and the mean arterial blood pressure.

scholarly journals Facial thermography: a potential complimentary tool for evaluation of dental disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.8) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Snekhalatha ◽  
Nida Mir ◽  
Mehvish Khan ◽  
Parimal Raj ◽  
Vimaladhithan . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Facial Region ◽  
Surface Temperature Distribution ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Front Profile

The aim and objectives of the study was to analyze the skin surface temperature distribution in dental disorders using thermal imaging and to segment the region of interest using k-means algorithm and to perform statistical feature extraction for the total population studied. Thermal images were obtained for left profile, right profile, and front profile for the total population to be studied. The thermal image was segmented using k-means algorithm and the features were extracted from the segmented output image for both normal and dental disorder subjects. The results obtained from the study depicts that the mean temperature difference between the abnormal diseased subjects and the healthy controls in the front, left and right facial region was found to be 8.75%, 7.89% and 9.3% respectively. Among the regions examined in the facial thermogram, right facial region depicts the highest percentage difference of 9.3% found between the diseased subjects and normal group. From this data it is safe to infer that, presence of infections, significantly increases the temperature of the region. Hence thermography was used as a complimentary diagnostic tool in diagnosis of dental disorders.

Non-Invasive Methods of Measuring Venous Compliance

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Davies ◽  
T. R. Magee ◽  
J. Hayward ◽  
R. Harris ◽  
R. N. Baird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Venous Compliance ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Long Saphenous Vein ◽  
Saphenous Veins ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To compare two non-invasive methods of qualitative assessment of the long saphenous vein in terms of venous compliance. Design: Thirty-five long saphenous veins were examined. Compliance measurements have been calculated using: Method A in which an AV Impulse machine (Novamedix, UK) is used to generate a pulse wave in the long saphenous vein and the measurement of transit times are performed. Method B involves duplex ultrasound and venous occlusion of the long saphenous vein. Occlusive pressure measurements are used in both methods. Results: The mean vein compliance ratio measured in 35 long saphenous veins with the different methods was 0.23 (0.18–0.28) and 0.26 (0.22–0.30) using method A and B respectively. (Mean and (95% confidence interval)). The results show that a good correlation r = 0.91 and this was confirmed using methods of agreement. Conclusion: Both techniques give comparable results, however, the method involving Duplex is easier to perform. The research and clinical implications of these techniques remain to be assessed.

Construction Methodology for NIUTS – Bed Servoing System for Body Targets –

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1088-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norihiro Koizumi ◽  
◽  
Joonho Seo ◽  
Takakazu Funamoto ◽  
Yutaro Itagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
New Method ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Do So

Unwanted motion is a serious problem in enhancing servoing performance in an affected area, which incorporates stones/tumours in non-invasive ultrasound theragnostic systems (NIUTS). To solve this problem, we proposed a new method for restricting the motion of the affected area ventrodorsally in the region of interest (ROI) in ultrasound imaging. To do so, we introduce a bed mechanism for NIUTS. It is confirmed that a human kidney could be tracked and followed appropriately using the proposedmethod and the newly constructed bed system.

Reliability of Grip Strength Assessment with the Computerized Jamar Dynamometer

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce R. Niebuhr ◽  
Rodger Marion ◽  
M. Laurita Fike
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Force Curve ◽  
Reliable Measurement ◽  
Strength Assessment ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Jamar Dynamometer

The purpose of our study was to determine the reliability of the model PC5030PT computerized Jamar dynamometer (J. A. Preston, Jackson, MI). A test-retest reliability study was conducted in which 33 normal subjects were tested three times over a 6-week period. Standard procedures for assessing grip strength were followed. Both left and right hands were tested. We quantified three characteristics of the force curve: (a) the slope of the rise in force, (b) the maximal or peak force, and (c) the mean sustained force over the last 3 sec of a 5-sec contraction. Reliability was good with intraclass reliability coefficients ranging from .84 to .93. We conclude that the computerized Jamar will yield reliable measurement of grip strength if the instrument is calibrated properly and if standardized procedures for grip strength testing are followed.

Regional pulmonary transit times in humans

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 844-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. MacNee ◽  
B. A. Martin ◽  
B. R. Wiggs ◽  
A. S. Belzberg ◽  
J. C. Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Transit Time ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Human Lungs ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Lower Slice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Deconvolution Techniques

We measured the frequency distribution of erythrocyte (RBC) transit times in resected lobes of lungs in eight human subjects undergoing thoracotomy for peripheral lung tumors. RBC transit times were measured by the injection of radiolabeled blood flow and volume markers, which were counted in samples from the resected lung. In five of these subjects, the measurements from the resected lung were compared with preoperative measurements of the transit times of radiolabeled RBCs with a gamma camera-computer system. Time-activity curves from the cardiac chambers and the lung or its regions were obtained from which transit times were calculated by the centroid and deconvolution techniques. The reproducibility of transit times measured by this technique was assessed in another eight normal subjects, after sequential bolus injections of radiolabeled cells. The mean transit time of the upper lung region was longer (5.1 +/- 0.5 s) than that of the lower (4.1 +/- 0.6 s, P less than 0.05) in the preoperative study. Similarly, the mean transit time of the upper lung slice was longer (5.5 +/- 0.3 s) than that of the lower slice (3.8 +/- 0.3 s, P less than 0.05) in the resected lung specimens. We conclude that there was good agreement between these techniques and that there are long transit times in the upper regions of human lungs.

Reproducibility and normal values of static pupil diameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Schröder ◽  
Ekaterina Chashchina ◽  
Edgar Janunts ◽  
Alan Cayless ◽  
Achim Langenbucher
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Infrared Pupillometry ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Better Than

Purpose: To provide additional information on normal values of static pupil diameter measurements for binocular infrared pupillometry with PupilX, a commercial pupillometer, and assess the reproducibility of this device’s measurements. Methods: The pupil diameters from 91 study participants with normal eyes with an average age of 39.7 years (SD 16.4 years) were measured with PupilX under scotopic (0 lx), mesopic (1 lx), and photopic (16 lx) illumination. To assess the repeatability of the device, each measurement was repeated 5 times. Results: The mean pupil diameters were 6.5 mm (SD 1.3 mm), 5.5 mm (SD 1.2 mm), and 4.03 mm (SD 0.9 mm) under scotopic, mesopic, and photopic illumination. Left and right eyes showed no difference in mean pupil diameters. The mean unsigned anisocoria was 0.26 mm (SD 0.32 mm) under scotopic, 0.26 mm (SD 0.27 mm) under mesopic, and 0.19 mm (SD 0.19 mm) under photopic illumination. The decrease in pupil diameter with age was largest for scotopic (≈0.057 mm/y) and smallest for photopic illumination (≈0.025 mm/y). The repeatability of the pupillometer was better than 0.2 mm. Conclusions: This study provides reference values for age- and light-related pupil diameters measured with the PupilX digital pupillometer in normal subjects.

Sympathetic Responsiveness to Head-Up Tilt in Essential Hypertension

1973 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Esler ◽  
P. J. Nestel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Head Up Tilt ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Urinary Noradrenaline

1. The effect of 25° head-up tilt on blood pressure, urinary catecholamines, and creatinine clearance has been studied in untreated essential hypertensive patients and normotensive subjects. 2. The mean rise in diastolic pressure for all subjects with hypertension was 4.9 mmHg which did not differ significantly from the mean rise of 5.4 mmHg in the normal subjects. Ten of forty-one hypertensives had a diastolic pressure response greater than the response in any of eleven normal subjects, with a rise of greater than 10 mmHg. 3. The increase in urinary noradrenaline excretion with tilt was greater in these orthostatic hypertensive patients (1.74 μg/h) than in either the remaining hypertensive (0.34 μg/h) or the normotensive subjects (0.56 μg/h). Overall there was a significant correlation between changes in diastolic blood pressure and urinary noradrenaline. 4. Creatinine clearance was reduced by tilting. The mean reduction was similar for normally reacting hypertensive and normotensive subjects (6.0% and 7.2% respectively). The ten orthostatic hypertensive patients, however, had a greater reduction in creatinine clearance (23.4%), and in the hypertensive group as a whole changes in diastolic blood pressure and creatinine clearance were negatively correlated. 5. Those patients with excessive response to tilt tended to be young, not obese, and with recent onset of hypertension when documentation of this was adequate.

URINARY EXCRETION OF Δ5-PREGNENE-3β,17α,20α-TRIOL IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Nowaczynski ◽  
Erich koiw ◽  
Jacques Genest
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Malignant Hypertension ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Made In

A study of urinary excretion of Δ5-pregnenetriol was made in normal subjects and hypertensive patients. Using a procedure previously described by us, the mean excretion of this steroid showed a statistically significant (P < 0.001) mean decrease in groups of patients with essential, renal, and malignant hypertension as compared to normal subjects.

Instant 99mTc-Labelled Glucoheptonate Kit for Kidney Imaging

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 (05) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Al-Hilli ◽  
H. M. A. Karim ◽  
M. H. S. Al-Hissoni ◽  
M. N. Jassim ◽  
N. H. Agha
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Organ Distribution ◽  
Stable Complex ◽  
Scintillation Camera ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Kidney Imaging ◽  
Mean Concentration

Gelchromatography column scanning has been used to study the fractions of reduced hydrolyzed 99mTc, 99mTc-pertechnetate and 99mTc-chelate in a 99mTc-glucoheptonate (GH) preparation. A stable high labelling yield of 99mTc-GH complex in the radiopharmaceutical has been obtained with a concentration of 40-50 mg of glucoheptonic acid-calcium salt and not less than 0.45 mg of SnCl2 2 H2O at an optimal pH between 6.5 and 7.0. The stability of the complex has been found significantly affected when sodium hydroxide solution was used for the pH adjustment. However, an alternative procedure for final pH adjustment of the preparation has been investigated providing a stable complex for the usual period of time prior to the injection. The organ distribution and the blood clearance data of 99mTc-GH in rabbits were relatively similar to those reported earlier. The mean concentration of the radiopharmaceutical in both kidneys has been studied in normal subjects for one hour with a scintillation camera and the results were satisfactory.

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