Language-Impaired Children's Awareness of Inadequate Messages

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Meline ◽  
Susan R. Brackin
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Past Research ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
School Age ◽  
Language Awareness ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Cognitive Framework ◽  
Impaired Children

Inasmuch as past research supports the notion that language-impaired children are deficient in their performance on some metalinguistic/metacommunicative tasks, we hypothesized an expected deficiency on a language awareness task requiring judgments of message adequacy. To test our hypothesis, we chose 45 subjects, 15 specific language-impaired school-age children with 15 age-mates and 15 younger controls. Our procedure involved two lifelike stories each depicting a speaker and a listener. Within the context of each story, the speaker makes a request. However, the speaker's message is too general. Therefore, the speaker's intention is not understood. Subjects were classified as speaker-blamers or listener-blamers on the basis of responses to examiner queries. Language-impaired and the younger normally developing children were predominantly listener-blamers, whereas age-mates were speaker-blamers. The results are discussed in terms of a cognitive framework for metalinguistic/metacommunicative problem solving. In addition, clinical implications are addressed.

Analogical Learning and Transfer in Language-Impaired Children

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G. Kamhi ◽  
Betholyn Gentry ◽  
Daria Mauer ◽  
Barry Gholson
Keyword(s):  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Transfer Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
School Age ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Analogical Learning ◽  
Impaired Children

In this study, the trial-by-trial acquisition procedures developed by Gholson, Eymard, Morgan, and Kamhi (1987) were used to examine analogical reasoning processes in school-age language-impaired (LI) children and normal age peers. Subjects were 16 LI and 16 normally developing children between the ages 6:4 and 8:9 years. Half of the subjects heard only verbal presentations of the problems, whereas the other half heard the verbal presentations while simultaneously viewing physical demonstrations of the problems. The LI children who heard only verbal presentations of the problems took significantly longer to acquire the problem solutions than the other LI children and the normal children in both conditions. There were no differences in children's performance on the transfer task. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

Response Patterns Characteristic of Verbal Expressive Disorders

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen R. Schwartz ◽  
Cynthia B. Solot
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
School Problems ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
The Social ◽  
Language Characteristics ◽  
Impaired Children

This paper examines the need to analyze free expression as part of an overall expressive language evaluation in school age children. Use of the Social Adjustment B subtest of the Detroit Tests of Learning Aptitude is advocated for this purpose. Seven language characteristics are identified which may help in recognizing disorders of self-expression. Of the three identified groups of language impaired children, one group which is particularly vulnerable for associated school problems is discussed.

Perceptions of Stuttering of Different Age Groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1311-1315
Author(s):  
Sergey M. Kondrashov ◽  
John A. Tetnowski
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
School Age ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Subject Pool

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the perceptions of stuttering of school-age children who stutter and those of adults who stutter through the use of the same tools that could be commonly used by clinicians. Method Twenty-three participants across various ages and stuttering severity were administered both the Stuttering Severity Instrument–Fourth Edition (SSI-4; Riley, 2009 ) and the Wright & Ayre Stuttering Self-Rating Profile ( Wright & Ayre, 2000 ). Comparisons were made between severity of behavioral measures of stuttering made by the SSI-4 and by age (child/adult). Results Significant differences were obtained for the age comparison but not for the severity comparison. Results are explained in terms of the correlation between severity equivalents of the SSI-4 and the Wright & Ayre Stuttering Self-Rating Profile scores, with clinical implications justifying multi-aspect assessment. Conclusions Clinical implications indicate that self-perception and impact of stuttering must not be assumed and should be evaluated for individual participants. Research implications include further study with a larger subject pool and various levels of stuttering severity.

Lexical Imitation and Acquisition in Language-Impaired Children

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Schwartz ◽  
Laurence B. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Lexical Acquisition ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Novel Words

This investigation examined the influence of unsolicited lexical imitation on the comprehension and on the production of novel words by language-impaired children. Subjects were 13 children (2:8–3:1) exhibiting specific language impairment who were presented with 16 unfamiliar words referring to unfamiliar objects or actions over 10 experimental sessions. Unsolicited imitations appeared to facilitate subsequent production of these words on a posttest. This effect was greatest when these words were also produced spontaneously prior to the posttest. Words that were produced imitatively and spontaneously also appeared more frequently in spontaneous usage than words that were only produced spontaneously. No relationship between such imitations and comprehension was observed. These findings suggest that unsolicited imitations benefit children's lexical acquisition primarily by providing them with additional opportunities to produce words that are in the process of being established in their expressive lexicons.

Experimental Method For Developing And Correcting Figurative Speech Among Visually Impaired Primary School Age Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Svitlana Fedorenko ◽  
Marina Polykovski
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Figurative Speech ◽  
Primary School Age ◽  
Impaired Children

The article presents special methodology for developing figurative speech, which has a compensatory value among primary schoolchildren, with reduced vision. The complexity of the figurative speech understanding process and the need for developing it among visually impaired children was specified by the scientists, Litvak (2006), Sineva (2008), Fedorenko (2015). The principles (general didactic, linguo-didactic, and special) and the main tasks for developing and correcting each figurative speech component among younger vision-impaired learners are defined as follows: cognitive (development of the visual-figurative basis of speech); emotional (the development of speech expressiveness and the emotional-sensory sphere) and creative-practical (formation of skills and abilities for using the exponents of imagery in speech proficiently, the development of skills for active work with words). The directions of correctional work for each figurative speech component are described. The results obtained by implementing the experimental method indicated positive dynamism in figurative speech development among younger vision-impaired learners in the experimental classes for all the components established in the experimental study, pointing to the effectiveness of the proposed work method on their formation and correction. It was stated that vision impaired children are able to understand and explain the essence of imagery expression, which is available to pupils of primary school age; expressively read and talk about their feelings and emotions from the read literary text; use the means of imagery in their own speech consciously and appropriately, with special pedagogical guidance.

Specific-Language-Impaired Children’s Quick Incidental Learning of Words

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1040-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabel L. Rice ◽  
JoAnn Buhr ◽  
Janna B. Oetting
Keyword(s):  
Incidental Learning ◽  
Word Comprehension ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Control Version ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Better Than

It was hypothesized that the initial word comprehension of specific-language-impaired children would be enhanced by the insertion of a short pause just before a sentence-final novel word. Three groups of children served as subjects: twenty 5-year-old, specific-languageimpaired (SLI) children, and two comparison groups of normally developing children, 20 matched for mean length of utterance (MLU) and 32 matched for chronological age (CA). The children were randomly assigned to two conditions for viewing video programs. The programs were animated stories that featured five novel object words and five novel attribute words, presented in a voice-over narration. The experimental version introduced a pause before the targeted words; the control version was identical except for normal prosody instead of a pause. Counter to the predictions, there was no effect for condition. Insertion of a pause did not improve the SLI children’s initial comprehension of novel words. There were group main effects, with the CA matches better than either of the other two groups and no differences between the SLI children and the MLU-matched children.

scholarly journals Syntactic Versus Memory Accounts of the Sentence Comprehension Deficits of Specific Language Impairment: Looking Back, Looking Ahead

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1491-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Montgomery ◽  
Ronald B. Gillam ◽  
Julia L. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Proper Modification

Purpose Compared with same-age typically developing peers, school-age children with specific language impairment (SLI) exhibit significant deficits in spoken sentence comprehension. They also demonstrate a range of memory limitations. Whether these 2 deficit areas are related is unclear. The present review article aims to (a) review 2 main theoretical accounts of SLI sentence comprehension and various studies supporting each and (b) offer a new, broader, more integrated memory-based framework to guide future SLI research, as we believe the available evidence favors a memory-based perspective of SLI comprehension limitations. Method We reviewed the literature on the sentence comprehension abilities of English-speaking children with SLI from 2 theoretical perspectives. Results The sentence comprehension limitations of children with SLI appear to be more fully captured by a memory-based perspective than by a syntax-specific deficit perspective. Conclusions Although a memory-based view appears to be the better account of SLI sentence comprehension deficits, this view requires refinement and expansion. Current memory-based perspectives of adult sentence comprehension, with proper modification, offer SLI investigators new, more integrated memory frameworks within which to study and better understand the sentence comprehension abilities of children with SLI.

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