BROCA APHASIA LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT IN SARAH SCOTT’S YOUTUBE CHANNEL

Aphasia is a language disorder caused by brain damage and makes the patient lose or impair language skills. One of the diseases which often cause people to experience aphasia is stroke. In this study, the researchers observed the characteristics of language impairment of Sarah Scott. She’s a young woman suffering from Broca's aphasia after stroke. This study employed a qualitative descriptive method on the utterances she produced in SymphUK YouTube channel as the data source. In collecting the data, the researchers watched and transcribed the utterances containing the language disorder. The analysis used the theory of Hallowel (2017) on the characteristics of Broca's aphasia and Ardila (2014) about the linguistics defects in aphasia. The finding shows that the most dominant characteristic was dysnomia, literal (phonemic) paraphasia, and agrammatism among twenty-six utterances. Then, the other characteristics that also appeared were disfluency, repetition, and telegraphic speech. Furthermore, the levels of language-impaired in Sarah Scott were morphemic, morphosyntactic, and phonetic. Thus, the following study should cover more subjects with different age, gender, and language to see whether more variation of characteristics of Broca's aphasia appears in different contexts.

Latihan Sosialisasi Dan Senam Aerobik Low Impact Meningkatkan Kemampuan Bersosialisasi pada Pasien Isolasi Sosial

Schizophrenia is brain damage that results in impaired cognitive function, activity, language, impaired vision of reality and interpersonal relationships and has behavioral changes such as agitated and aggressive behavior. In general, it is characterized by fundamental deviations, characteristics of thoughts and perceptions, as well as the presence of an unnatural or blunt effect. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability to socialize in schizophrenic patients with social isolation nursing problems before and after being given socialization training and low impact aerobic exercise at the Mitra Sakti Social Welfare Institution, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province. The method in this study used nursing actions in the form of socialization exercises and low impact aerobic exercise on 5 patients schizophrenic with social isolation nursing problems reported in the form of case studies. The results showed that after being given nursing actions in the form of socialization exercises and low impact aerobic exercise, the five participants increased their social skills. Nurses are expected to provide optimal application of socialization training and aerobic exercise to schizophrenic patients with social isolation nursing problems. Keywords : Low impact aerobic exercise, schizophrenia, social isolation, socialization exercises

Dysnumeria in Sign Language: Impaired Construction of the Decimal Structure in Reading Multidigit Numbers in a Deaf ISL Signer

We report on the first in-depth analysis of a specific type of dysnumeria, number-reading deficit, in sign language. The participant, Nomi, is a 45-year-old signer of Israeli Sign Language (ISL). In reading multidigit numbers (reading-then-signing written numbers, the counterpart of reading aloud in spoken language), Nomi made mainly decimal, number-structure errors– reading the correct digits in an incorrect (smaller) decimal class, mainly in longer numbers of 5–6-digits. A unique property of ISL allowed us to rule out the numeric-visual analysis as the source of Nomi's dysnumeria: In ISL, when the multidigit number signifies the number of objects, it is signed with a decimal structure, which is marked morphologically (e.g., 84 → Eight-Tens Four); but a parallel system exists (e.g., for height, age, bus numbers), in which multidigit numbers are signed non-decimally, as a sequence of number-signs (e.g., 84 → Eight, Four). When Nomi read and signed the exact same numbers, but this time non-decimally, she performed significantly better. Additional tests supported the conclusion that her early numeric-visual abilities are intact: she showed flawless detection of differences in length, digit-order, or identity in same-different tasks. Her decimal errors did not result from a number-structure deficit in the phonological-sign output either (no decimal errors in repeating the same numbers, nor in signing multidigit numbers written as Hebrew words). Nomi had similar errors of conversion to the decimal structure in number comprehension (number-size comparison tasks), suggesting that her deficit is in a component shared by reading and comprehension. We also compared Nomi's number reading to her reading and signing of 406 Hebrew words. Nomi's word reading was in the high range of the normal performance of hearing controls and of deaf signers and significantly better than her multidigit number reading, demonstrating a dissociation between number reading, which was impaired, and word reading, which was spared. These results point to a specific type of dysnumeria in the number-frame generation for written multidigit numbers, whereby the conversion from written multidigit numbers to the abstract decimal structure is impaired, affecting both reading and comprehension. The results support abstract, non-verbal decimal structure generation that is shared by reading and comprehension, and also suggest the existence of a non-decimal number-reading route.

Model Selection Reveals the Butyrate-Producing Gut Bacterium Coprococcus eutactus as Predictor for Language Development in 3-Year-Old Rural Ugandan Children

IntroductionThe metabolic activity of the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the gut-brain axis through the effects of bacterial metabolites on brain function and development. In this study we investigated the association of gut microbiota composition with language development of 3-year-old rural Ugandan children.MethodsWe studied the language ability in 139 children of 36 months in our controlled maternal education intervention trial to stimulate children’s growth and development. The dataset includes 1170 potential predictors, including anthropometric and cognitive parameters at 24 months, 542 composition parameters of the children’s gut microbiota at 24 months and 621 of these parameters at 36 months. We applied a novel computationally efficient version of the all-subsets regression methodology and identified predictors of language ability of 36-months-old children scored according to the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III).ResultsThe best three-term model, selected from more than 266 million models, includes the predictors Coprococcus eutactus at 24 months of age, Bifidobacterium at 36 months of age, and language development at 24 months. The top 20 four-term models, selected from more than 77 billion models, consistently include C. eutactus abundance at 24 months, while 14 of these models include the other two predictors as well. Mann–Whitney U tests suggest that the abundance of gut bacteria in language non-impaired children (n = 78) differs from that in language impaired children (n = 61). While anaerobic butyrate-producers, including C. eutactus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Holdemanella biformis, Roseburia hominis are less abundant, facultative anaerobic bacteria, including Granulicatella elegans, Escherichia/Shigella and Campylobacter coli, are more abundant in language impaired children. The overall predominance of oxygen tolerant species in the gut microbiota was slightly higher in the language impaired group than in the non-impaired group (P = 0.09).ConclusionApplication of the all-subsets regression methodology to microbiota data established a correlation between the relative abundance of the anaerobic butyrate-producing gut bacterium C. eutactus and language development in Ugandan children. We propose that the gut redox potential and the overall bacterial butyrate-producing capacity in the gut are important factors for language development.

Body Language as a Communicative Aid amongst Language Impaired Students: Managing Disabilities

Language impairment is a condition of impaired ability in expressing ideas, information, needs and in understanding what others say. In the teaching and learning of English as a second language, this disability poses a lot of difficulties for impaired students as well as the teacher in the pedagogic process. Pathologies and other speech/language interventions have aided such students in coping with language learning; however, this study explores another dimension of aiding impaired students in an ESL situation: the use of body language. The study adopts a quantitative methodology in assessing the role of body language as a learning tool amongst language/speech impaired students. It was discovered that body language aids students to manage speech disabilities and to achieve effective communication; this helps in making the teaching and learning situation less cumbersome.

Model selection reveals the butyrate-producing gut bacterium Coprococcus eutactus as predictor for language development in three-year-old rural Ugandan children

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe metabolic activity of the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the gut-brain axis through the effects of bacterial metabolites on brain function and development. In this study we investigated the association of gut microbiota composition with language development of three-year-old rural Ugandan children.MethodsWe studied the language ability in 139 children of 36 months in our controlled maternal education intervention trial to stimulate children’s growth and development. The dataset includes 1170 potential predictors, including anthropometric and cognitive parameters at 24 months, 542 composition parameters of the children’s gut microbiota at 24 months and 621 of these parameters at 36 months. We applied a novel computationally efficient version of the all-subsets regression methodology and identified predictors of language ability of 36-months-old children scored according to the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III).ResultsThe best three-term model, selected from more than 266 million models, includes the predictors Coprococcus eutactus at 24 months of age, Bifidobacterium at 36 months of age, and language development at 24 months. The top 20 four-term models, selected from more than 77 billion models, consistently include Coprococcus eutactus abundance at 24 months, while 14 of these models include the other two predictors as well. Mann-Whitney U tests further suggest that the abundance of gut bacteria in language non-impaired children (n = 78) differs from that in language impaired children (n = 61) at 24 months. While obligate anaerobic butyrate-producers, including Coprococcus eutactus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Holdemanella biformis, Roseburia hominis are less abundant, facultative anaerobic bacteria, including Granulicatella elegans, Escherichia/Shigella and Campylobacter coli, are more abundant in language impaired children. The overall predominance of oxygen tolerant species in the gut microbiota of Ugandan children at the age 24 months, expressed as the Metagenomic Aerotolerant Predominance Index (MAPI), was slightly higher in the language impaired group than in the non-impaired group (P = 0.09).ConclusionsApplication of the all-subsets regression methodology to microbiota data established a correlation between the relative abundance of the anaerobic butyrate-producing gut bacterium Coprococcus eutactus and language development in Ugandan children. We propose that the gut redox potential and the overall bacterial butyrate-producing capacity could be factors of importance as gut microbiota members with a positive correlation to language development are mostly strictly anaerobic butyrate-producers, while microbiota members that correlate negatively, are predominantly oxygen tolerant with a variety of known adverse effects.

Studie verbální produkce předškolních dětí s vývojovou dysfázií

This study aims to analyse a range of the productive vocabulary and quality of verbal expression in Czech monolingual specific-language-impaired (SLI) preschool children. SLI children´s production was also compared to a verbal production of typically developing (age-matched) peers. An assessment tool was developed to measure the range and the quality of children´s production of nouns, verbs and adjectives. Both aspects of verbal production (the range and the quality) were also proved to be closely correlated. Research results reveal statistically significant differences between the SLI and a comparison group at both range and the quality of verbal expression. A more detailed examination shows that the differences between SLI and typically developing children´s production manifest themselves in the usage of adjectives the most and the least in the usage of nouns.