scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the pathogenic effect of the association of eimeria on hybrid rabbits at different doses of infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 06034
Author(s):  
K. Sidorenko ◽  
M. Mkrtchyan ◽  
O. Kaidalova
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Pathogenic Effect ◽  
Intestinal Length ◽  
Retail Display ◽  
The One ◽  
Meat Productivity

Rabbit breeding is one of the promising branches of animal husbandry, but its development is hampered by various diseases. The problem of the pathogenic influence of parasites of the genus Eimeria on the organism of rabbits at different infective doses is still quite urgent. The study was conducted on hybrids of rabbits of Soviet Chinchilla and Californian breeds at 30 and 45 days of age. Within the framework of the experiment 6 groups of young rabbits were formed by the method of pair-analogs. The one-day old rabbits in the experimental groups were infected with oocysts of the association of Eimeria species E. perforans and E. irresidua at doses of 100 000 (2 groups) and 200 000(2 groups) per head, and in control groups (2 groups) - remained intact throughout the experiment. To analyze the pathogenic effect of parasites determination of meat productivity, veterinary and sanitary assessment of carcasses, linear measurements of intestinal length as well as histological studies of the walls of the small intestine were carried out in rabbits of these age groups. The research results showed that rabbits-hybrids infected at a dose of 100 000 and 200 000 oocysts per head demonstrate significant reduction of the increase in live weight and slaughter yield, despite the preservation of the retail display of the carcasses.

scholarly journals Applying Methods of Mathematical Modeling in Cattle Breeding

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 185-187 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Method Of Least Squares ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
The Relationship

In this manuscript has presented the results of applying modern methods of mathematical modeling in animal husbandry. To conduct the research has used the method of least squares, which has reflected in the work by approximation probabilistic non-linear relations, making it possible to establish the relationship between different measurements the body parts of animal and meat productivity, and linear measurements of the udder.

scholarly journals Comparative characteristics of the growth and development of meategg and egg-meat chickens

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Aleksandra V. Makarova ◽  
Anatoly B. Vakhrameev ◽  
Inessa A. Meftah
Keyword(s):  
Early Period ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Meat Productivity

Relevance. Recently, the number of many breeds and lines of chickens has significantly decreased, while others are under threat of extinction. Reducing the genetic resources of chicken’s worldwide limits the possibilities of future breeding programs. The study of the genetic diversity of the species allows you to more accurately manage the productive and potential of chicken breeds, the possibilities of its use for obtaining Biosafety and full-fledged food. Adding exterior estimation data to the bird breeding value forecast increases its accuracy and is relevant.Methods. The study was conducted on chickens of two experimental populations «Experimental CS» meat-egg of productivity and «Experimental LZS» egg-meat productivity from the Genetic collection of rare and endangered chicken breeds Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding — Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry.Results. The highest absolute increase in live weight of chickens is observed in the period of 4-8 weeks, and the relative increase at the age of 4 weeks, regardless of the type of productivity of chickens. The results of cultivation largely depend on the intensity of growth of the bird in the early period, up to four weeks of age. The superiority of the meat-egg population in comparison with the egg-meat population was revealed in terms of breast circumference (5.0–7.7%).

Association of exterior indicators of the experimental population of Pushkin breeds chickens with an effective marker rs316247861 of the myostatin gene

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
G. Peglivanyan ◽  
T. Larkina ◽  
O. Barkova ◽  
N. Dementeva
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Experimental Population ◽  
Myostatin Gene ◽  
Phenotype Analysis ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Tibia Length

In modern poultry farming, along with classical breeding methods based on phenotype analysis, it is possible to use MAS breeding, which includes genotype assessment. Meat productivity is influenced by live weight and body characteristics of the bird. This article analyzes the influence of the rs316247861 marker of the myostatin gene on the conformation parameters of Pushkin breed chickens. For the analysis, 140 heads of Pushkin breed chickens were taken. Exterior assessment was carried out in chickens at the age of 330 days according to 17 indicators: body weight, body length, body + neck length, oblique body length, thigh length, chest depth, chest width at collarbones, pelvic width, chest girth, metatarsal girth, shin girth , chest angle (degree), keel length, metatarsal length, tibia length, oblique body length with a tape (KDT), tibia length with a tape. PCR-RFLP analysis was performed using the restriction endonuclease BstHHI enzyme. As a result of the study of the experimental population of Pushkin breed chickens, carriers of the CC genotype were significantly superior to individuals with the GG genotype in terms of indicators affecting the formation of poultry meat productivity. In the sample of chickens of the studied population, the value χ2=10.29, which allows us to conclude that the genetic equilibrium is shifted, this is a sign of strong selection pressure. Thus, in the experimental population of the Pushkin breed, the CC genotype is desirable for selection for poultry meat productivity. In this regard, the MSTN gene and its expression product deserve special attention, among the issues of both molecular genetics and animal husbandry.

scholarly journals Breeding to increase the meat productivity of Russian meat merino sheep

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-80
Author(s):  
Svetlana Nikolaevna Shumaenko ◽  
Zakir Kamilovich Gadzhiev
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Size Of Animals ◽  
Growth Energy ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
To Receive

Here is presented the analysis of sheep meat productivity of the Russian meat Merino breed  and the effectiveness of selection for large size of animals, the severity of meat forms, and their higher precocity is shown. The selection differential for live weight in animals of different gender and age groups was determined, which is 5.0-26.0 kg, or 10.0-32.5%. The number of Russian meat Merino sheep (n=1045) is characterized by the severity of meat forms (T5) and has a desirable type of physique, exterior and meat productivity (100%), which confirms the consolidation of the herd on this basis. It was found that the genetic resources of the herd allow young sheep to receive a high average daily increase in live weight (170.4 g) from birth to 4.5 months. It is experimentally proved that the offspring of the PMM breed with intensive feeding is characterized by a higher growth energy. It is noted that the descendants of meat Merino have a large carcass mass of 12.4%, a slaughter yield of 2.2 abs. percent and a meat content coefficient of 21.3%, compared to the Stavropol sheep breed of wool productivity. Experimental data confirm that the sheep’s meat of the Russian meat Merino breed is " marbled, has high quality and consumer properties.

Spearman's Law of Diminishing Returns

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Principal Axis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Diminishing Returns ◽  
The One ◽  
Armed Services ◽  
Principal Axis Factor

Spearman's Law of Diminishing Returns (SLODR) with regard to age was tested in two different databases from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The first database consisted of 6,980 boys and girls aged 12–16 from the 1997 cohort ( NLSY 1997 ). The subjects were tested with a computer-administered adaptive format (CAT) of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) consisting of 12 subtests. The second database consisted of 11,448 male and female subjects aged 15–24 from the 1979 cohort ( NLSY 1979 ). These subjects were tested with the older 10-subtest version of the ASVAB. The hypothesis was tested by dividing the sample into Young and Old age groups while keeping IQ fairly constant by a method similar to the one developed and employed by Deary et al. (1996) . The different age groups were subsequently factor-analyzed separately. The eigenvalue of the first principal component (PC1) and the first principal axis factor (PAF1), and the average intercorrelation of the subtests were used as estimates of the g saturation and compared across groups. There were no significant differences in the g saturation across age groups for any of the two samples, thereby pointing to no support for this aspect of Spearman's “Law of Diminishing Returns.”

Older workers in the Russian labor market: Trends in employment reallocation

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-34
Author(s):  
Anna L. Lukyanova ◽  
Rostislav I. Kapeliushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Intellectual Labor ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Trade Education ◽  
The One

The paper analyzes changes in job opportunities of older workers in Russia in the period 2005—2017. The study uses the data from the Russian Labor Force Survey conducted by Rosstat. Changes in the occupational and industrial composition of elderly workers follow the trends pursued by other age groups: employment shifts from low- to high-skilled occupations, from physical to intellectual labor, and from material production to the service sector. We find a stronger polarization among older workers as their occupational structure is biased in favor of, on the one hand, the most and, on the other hand, the least qualified types of jobs. Employment of the elderly has fallen sharply in agriculture and manufacturing with a significant increase in trade, education, and health. Although the employment structure of older workers is generally more “traditionalist”, recent decades have witnessed its transformation in “progressive” directions, similarly to other age groups. These findings suggest that the legislated increase in the state retirement age is not likely to give rise to sizeable unemployment among the elderly. Most of them will be able to work in the occupations and industries previously dominated by young and prime-age workers.

Local mineral feed additives in the rations of steers of Hereford breed

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
M. Grigoryev ◽  
N. Chernogradskaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effect ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Mineral Feed Additives

Animals imported to Yakutia from other regions fall into feeding and housing conditions that differ from their usual agro-climatic conditions, which causes the problem of their adaptation. Yakutia is one of the areas where the feed of its own production has a lack of basic minerals, which affects the health and productivity of animals, which has an additional negative influence on the adaptation process of imported cattle. In order to replenish macro- and microelements in the body, it is necessary to introduce various local mineral feed additives, premixes, and use mineral salts into the ration. Under the conditions of Central Yakutia the influence of local mineral feed additives (zeolite of the Khonguruu Deposit in the Suntar district and sapropels of local lakes) containing macro- and microelements that increase the meat productivity of steers has been studied. As a result of the research the influence of local mineral feed additives on meat productivity and physiological condition of Hereford steers has been established. Influence of zeolite and sapropel in a complex with mineral salts on digestibility of nutrients of the ration and use of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus by experimental animals has been defined. The influence of feed additives on the quality of meat products has been studied. The results have shown that the use of local mineral feed additives in the composition of ration of steers during the fattening period at a dose of 0,7 g zeolite per 1 kg of live weight of the animal and 200 g of sapropel in combination with 10 g of mineral salts contributed to the gain in live weight, carcass weight, carcass yield, yield of edible parts, and economic efficiency of fattening. For the entire period of the experiment the gain in live weight in groups was: in control group 2222,9 kg, in the 1st experimental group 2396,2 kg, in the 2nd experimental group 2471,1 kg. The total economic effect for the 1st experimental group for the period of experiment amounted to 44,3 thousand Rubles, for the 2nd experimental group 78,0 thousand Rubles or per 1 head/day 14,06 and 24,76 Rubles, respectively.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ СТАД СКОТА СИММЕНТАЛЬСКОЙ ПОРОДЫ ПО МОЛОЧНОЙ И МЯСНОЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. SIVKIN ◽  
N.V. STREKOZOV ◽  
V.I. CHINAROV
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Group I ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Simmental Cattle ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Meat Type

В симментальской породе предусматривается разведение скота, сбалансировано сочетающего молочную и мясную продуктивность. Однако в практике совершенствования племенных стад в подборах быков доминируют улучшатели удоя, что во многом предопределяет результаты селекции и продуктивный тип животных. Объектом нашего исследования стало стадо чистопородного симментальского скота в условиях стойловой системы беспривязного и привязного содержания коров. Для изучения эффективности использования быков-производителей разного племенного достоинства сформировали 2 опытные группы: I состояла из бычков, полученных от отцов с племенной ценностью (ПЦ) по удою 100 кг и более, а во II с ПЦ от 0 до 100 кг молока. Симментальские бычки, отобранные для контрольного убоя, достигали весовых кондиций 500 кг и более в 17,5 мес при среднесуточном приросте 911 г. При использовании на маточном поголовье быков-производителей с улучшающим эффектом по удою 100 кг и более, их сыновья (I группа), на фоне более высоких суточных приростов (на 30 г) и раннем возрасте достижения живой массы 500 кг (на 18 дней) имели массу и выход туши на 21,4 кг и 2,7 ниже, чем у бычков II группы. При формировании молочно-мясного типа быки-производители с умеренной племенной ценностью по удою обеспечивали получение потомства, сочетающего молочную и мясную продуктивность в экономически значимых пропорциях.The Simmental breed provides for the breeding of cattle that combines milk and meat productivity in a balanced proportion. However, in the practice of improving breeding herds, the selection of bulls is dominated by milk yield improvers, which largely determines the results of selection and the productive type of animals. The object of our research was a breeding herd of purebred Simmental cattle in variety feeding and housing practices. To study the effectiveness of using bulls-producers of different breeding values, 2 experimental groups were formed: I consisted of bulls received from fathers with a breeding value (BV) of milk yield 100 kg or more, and II with a BV from 0 to 100 kg of milk. Simmental bulls selected for control slaughter reached weight standards of 500 kg or more in 17.5 months with an average daily increase of 911 g. When used on breeding of bulls with an improving effect on the yield of 100 kg or more, their sons (group I), against the background of higher daily gains (30 g) and an early age of reaching a live weight of 500 kg (18 days), had a mass and carcass yield of 21.4 kg and 2.7 lower than that of group II bulls. When forming a dairy-meat type, producing bulls with a moderate breeding value for milk yield provided for the production of offspring that combined dairy and meat productivity in economically significant proportions.

Influence of different factors on the growth rate of young animals and the quality of beef

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
V. N. Pristupa ◽  
D. S. Torosyan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Intensive Rearing ◽  
Meat Productivity

The purpose of the work was to study and identify the main factors aff ecting the quantity and quality of beef produced and sold in the Southern Federal district. A comparative assessment of the growth, development, formation of meat productivity and quality of beef of young animals of beef, dual and dairy breeds with stall-pasture technology and intensive rearing in the industrial complex. Experimental studies have been carried out in farms in the Rostov region. The object of research was cows with calves of Kalmyk, Hereford, Aberdeen-Angus, Russian komolaya, Kazakh White-headed breeds, as well as young animals of the same breeds, in addition, Black-and-White and Swiss breeds. Removable live weight in Hereford steers at 18 months of age was 658,0 kg, and Aberdeen-Angus – 655,2 kg. Domestic steers of Kalmyk were 41–44 kg lower in live weight than their herdmates of two imported breeds. However, with intensive rearing at 18 months of age, steers of Kalmyk breed had a removable live weight of more than 613,7 kg and a carcass weight of 326 kg. The yield of hot carcass was 55,4 %, and the slaughter yield was 58,89 %, which was only 1–2 % lower than the world’s leading beef breeds. It has been found when analyzing the results of boning the half-carcasses of experimental steers that the biggest weight of half-carcasses and the content of muscle and fat tissue in them in absolute terms were in Hereford steers. Steers of Kalmyk breed took the third place in terms of weight of large-sized semi–fi nished products and signifi cantly lost to Aberdeen-Angus herdmates by 7,3 kg or 6,5 %, and Hereford steers by 9,2 kg or 8,3 %. The results obtained prove the expediency of using stallpasture technology in the dry-steppe zone of the Southern Federal district when rearing young animals for beef up to 350–400 kg live weight at 15 months of age and its subsequent intensive rearing under industrial technology, in order to obtain the live weight of more than 570 kg and produce cost-eff ective beef.

Evaluation Yorkshire and Landrace breeds of pigs according to PRKAG3, MC4R and MYOD1 marker genes

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
A. Balnikov ◽  
I. Gridyushko ◽  
Yu. Kazutova ◽  
M. Mikhailova ◽  
E. Romanishko
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Meat Productivity

Purpose: evaluation of pigs Yorkshire rocks and Landraz on PRKAG3, MC4R and MyOD1 markers.Materials and methods. The paper presents the analysis of the results of genetic testing, and determines the frequency of alleles and genotypes of Yorkshire and Landrace breeds at the State Enterprise ZhodinoAgroPlemElita" of the Minsk region of the Republic of Belarus by the genes-markers of productive traits: PRKAG3, MC4R and MYOD1. Zootechnical and molecular genetic methods were used in the research (PCR/PDRF). Snapshot analysis was developed for the genotyping of pigs to detect polymorphic markers of meat-feeding productivity of pigs on the Genas PRKAG3, MyOD1, MC4R. At the first stage, there was an assessment of tribal young (173 heads) on its own productivity in terms of indicators: the age of achieving the living mass of 100 kg, the average daily increase (d) from birth to the live weight of 100 kg, the length of the body (cm), the lifetime meat quality of the thickness of the scrape (mm), height of the longest back muscles (mm), the content of meat in the body (%). At the second stage of the research, the controlling fastenings of 200 goals of pigs and evaluation of feedst and meat qualities in the following indicators were carried out: the age of achieving a living mass of 100 kg (days), the average daily increase (d), feed consumption per 1 kg of growth (to. Units). Also determined: the length of the carcass (cm), the slaughter output (%), the thickness of the spick over 6-7 breast vertebrae (mm), the area of "muscular eye" (cm2), the mass of the rear third of the half carcass (kg), the flow of meat in the carcus (%). Then, genetic studies were compared with productivity indicators.Results. As a result of the research, it was found that in the tested animals, the frequency of the preferred allele I-PRKAG3 made 0.171-0.288, A-MC4R – 0.243-0.315, and C-MYOD1 – 0.064-0.477, respectively. The developed comprehensive system for assessing the breeding value of Yorkshire and Landrace pigs based on the marker genes PRKAG3, MC4R, and MYOD1 allowed us to identify the preferred alleles and determine correlation with productivity traits that provided increase in the average population values: for self-productivity - by 2-4%, for fattening traits - by 2.7-12.5%, for meat traits - by 2.8-34.4 %.Conclusion. The use of integrated system in pig breeding will speed up the selection work to increase the indicators of fattening and meat productivity of the created breeding herds of Yorkshire and Landrace pigs.

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