scholarly journals Ethernet evaluation in data distribution traffic for the LHCb filtering farm at CERN

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Rafał Dominik Krawczyk ◽  
Flavio Pisani ◽  
Tommaso Colombo ◽  
Markus Frank ◽  
Niko Neufeld
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Direct Memory Access ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Event Distribution ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
Workload Distribution ◽  
Performance Results

This paper evaluates the real-time distribution of data over Ethernet for the upgraded LHCb data acquisition cluster at CERN. The system commissioning ends in 2021 and its total estimated input throughput is 32 Terabits per second. After the events are assembled, they must be distributed for further data selection to the filtering farm of the online trigger. High-throughput and very low overhead transmissions will be an essential feature of such a system. In this work RoCE (Remote Direct Memory Access over Converged Ethernet) high-throughput Ethernet protocol and Ethernet flow control algorithms have been used to implement lossless event distribution. To generate LHCb-like traffic, a custom benchmark has been implemented. It was used to stress-test the selected Ethernet networks and to check resilience to uneven workload distribution. Performance tests were made with selected evaluation clusters. 100 Gb/s and 25 Gb/s links were used. Performance results and overall evaluation of this Ethernet-based approach are discussed.

Analysis of Performance Characteristics in Deteriorated Subway Rolling Stock

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 2766-2769
Author(s):  
Jeong Guk Kim ◽  
Sung Cheol Yoon ◽  
Sung Tae Kwon ◽  
Jung Won Seo ◽  
Kyung Taek Park
Keyword(s):  
Reference Value ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
Performance Deterioration ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Analysis Of Performance ◽  
Multiple Units

In order to investigate performance characteristics of deteriorated subway rolling stocks, several engineering assessment methods, such as the acceleration, vibration, and braking performance tests, were carried out on subway electric multiple units (EMUs) with over 20 years operation. According to the testing results, in vibration and braking performance of EMUs, the similar performance results were obtained as compared with newly manufactured EMUs. However, in terms of acceleration performance characteristic, below reference value (3.0 km/h/s) has been obtained. This is mainly due to performance deterioration of EMUs including traction motor. In this investigation, the results on precision diagnosis evaluation of deteriorated EMUs were provided through the overall evaluation of corrosion testing and structural performance of car body in subway EMUs.

scholarly journals Feasibility tests of RoCE v2 for LHCb event building

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Rafał Dominik Krawczyk ◽  
Tommaso Colombo ◽  
Niko Neufeld ◽  
Flavio Pisani ◽  
Sébastien Valat
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Direct Memory Access ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Bandwidth Utilization ◽  
The Road ◽  
Zero Copy ◽  
Partial Data

This paper evaluates the utilization of Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) over Converged Ethernet (RoCE) for the Run 3 LHCb event building at CERN. The acquisition system of the detector will collect partial data from approximately 1000 separate detector streams. The total estimated throughput equals 32 Terabits per second. Full events will be assembled for subsequent processing and data selection in the filtering farm of the online trigger. High-throughput transmissions with up to 90% links utilization will be an essential feature of the system. The data exchange mechanism must support zero-copy transmissions. In this work, the RoCE high-throughput kernel bypass Ethernet protocol is benchmarked as a potential alternative to InfiniBand. A RoCE-based event building network is presented and two implementations are considered. The former variant combined shallow-buffered and deep-buffered switches with enabled flow control. In the latter setup, only deep-buffered devices are used, where operation relied on their memory throughput and capacity. Feasibility tests were conducted with selected Ethernet switches. Memory bandwidth utilization was investigated, in comparison with InfiniBand. Relevant utilization and interoperability issues of RoCE flow control are detailed with lessons learned along the road.

scholarly journals Preparation and High-Throughput Testing of TiO2-Supported Co Catalysts for Fischer‒Tropsch Synthesis

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Christian Schulz ◽  
Peter Kolb ◽  
Dennis Krupp ◽  
Lars Ritter ◽  
Alfred Haas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Rutile Phase ◽  
Tropsch Synthesis ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Fischer Tropsch Synthesis ◽  
Co Catalysts ◽  
Impregnation Technique ◽  
Co Conversion

A series of Co/TiO2 catalysts was tested in a parameters field study for Fischer‒Tropsch synthesis (FTS). All catalysts were prepared by the conventional impregnation technique to obtain an industrially relevant Co content of 10 wt % or 20 wt %, respectively. In summary, 10 different TiO2 of pure anatase phase, pure rutile phase, as well as mixed rutile and anatase phase were used as supports. Performance tests were conducted with a 32-fold high-throughput setup for accelerated catalyst benchmarking; thus, 48 experiments were completed within five weeks in a relevant operation parameters field (170 °C to 233.5 °C, H2/CO ratio 1 to 2.5, and 20 bar(g)). The most promising catalyst showed a CH4 selectivity of 5.3% at a relevant CO conversion of 60% and a C5+ productivity of 2.1 gC5+/(gCo h) at 207.5 °C. These TiO2-based materials were clearly differentiated with respect to the application as supports in Co-catalyzed FTS catalysis. The most prospective candidates are available for further FTS optimization at a commercial scale.

scholarly journals Comparison of invertebrate diversity in lake waters and their resting eggs in sediments, as revealed by high-throughput sequencing (HTS)

2020 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Wang ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Yufeng Yang ◽  
Wenbo Yu
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Resting Eggs ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Invertebrate Diversity ◽  
Significant Difference

Aquatic invertebrate diversity reflects water quality and the health of aquatic ecosystems and should be monitored as an essential feature of freshwater ecosystems. The resting eggs of aquatic invertebrates in sediments populate the overlying water. The diversity of invertebrates in waters and their resting eggs in sediments in Baiyangdian Lake, Xiongan, North China, were assessed using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) with a pair of 18S rRNA gene adaptor-linked primers. The total of 99 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) derived from 353,755 invertebrate sequences (mostly zooplankton) were revealed by this study. A total of 50 species in the water samples including 20 rotifers, 11 copepods, 1 cladoceran and 18 other species were sorted out. In the sediment 37 species, including 21 rotifers, 3 copepods, 1 cladoceran and 12 other species, were identified. There were 24 species in common between water and corresponding sediments. Invertebrate OTU richness in water samples was higher than that in sediments (p < 0.01), while there was no significant difference in the Shannon-Wiener index. These results suggest that HTS is a promising alternative for efficient biodiversity assessment and monitoring.

scholarly journals Using numbers that do not count: how the latent functions of performance indicators explain their success

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Kempeneer ◽  
Wouter Van Dooren
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Risk Regulation ◽  
European Banking ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Risk Managers

Performance indicators have had to endure severe criticism. They are said to lack accuracy, encourage gaming and ultimately fail to improve performance. Yet, despite their well-documented weaknesses, performance indicators abound in governance. This article asks under which conditions performance indicators can improve performance outcomes, despite these proven weaknesses and dysfunctions. Our case study is the stress test of the European banking system, a high-profile performance indicator used for risk regulation. Based on interviews with risk managers in Belgian banks as well as staff at the European Central Bank, the European Banking Authority and the National Bank of Belgium, we find that the process of calculating the stress test improves performance outcomes in itself. It does so by fostering banks’ capacity to self-regulate, tying into Foucault’s notion of governmentality. As such, practitioners and academics should not only pay attention to how performance results can be used, but also examine how the process of calculating the performance indicator might be designed to improve performance outcomes latently.

scholarly journals FLAS: fast and high-throughput algorithm for PacBio long-read self-correction

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (20) ◽  
pp. 3953-3960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ergude Bao ◽  
Fei Xie ◽  
Changjin Song ◽  
Dandan Song
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
The Self ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Sequencing Errors ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fast Speed ◽  
Long Reads ◽  
Long Read

Abstract Motivation The third generation PacBio long reads have greatly facilitated sequencing projects with very large read lengths, but they contain about 15% sequencing errors and need error correction. For the projects with long reads only, it is challenging to make correction with fast speed, and also challenging to correct a sufficient amount of read bases, i.e. to achieve high-throughput self-correction. MECAT is currently among the fastest self-correction algorithms, but its throughput is relatively small (Xiao et al., 2017). Results Here, we introduce FLAS, a wrapper algorithm of MECAT, to achieve high-throughput long-read self-correction while keeping MECAT’s fast speed. FLAS finds additional alignments from MECAT prealigned long reads to improve the correction throughput, and removes misalignments for accuracy. In addition, FLAS also uses the corrected long-read regions to correct the uncorrected ones to further improve the throughput. In our performance tests on Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arabidopsis thaliana and human long reads, FLAS can achieve 22.0–50.6% larger throughput than MECAT. FLAS is 2–13× faster compared to the self-correction algorithms other than MECAT, and its throughput is also 9.8–281.8% larger. The FLAS corrected long reads can be assembled into contigs of 13.1–29.8% larger N50 sizes than MECAT. Availability and implementation The FLAS software can be downloaded for free from this site: https://github.com/baoe/flas. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

On the Effectiveness of Aerodynamic Design and Analysis for Centrifugal Compressors

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald H. Aungier
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Aerodynamic Design ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Sound Technology

Abstract Effectiveness is promoted as an essential feature of a centrifugal compressor aerodynamic design and analysis system. Effectiveness measures the system’s ability to apply sound technology to the wide range of functions the centrifugal compressor engineer needs to perform to develop, apply and maintain these complex machines. Effectiveness compliments efficiency (or productivity) in the overall evaluation of a design and analysis system. This paper discusses several features that an effective aerodynamic design and analysis system should have to support the design and application of industrial process centrifugal compressors. These features are known to be occasionally (if not often) neglected. Yet they all can be incorporated using technology available from the open literature.

scholarly journals A Chaotic System with Infinite Equilibria and Its S-Box Constructing Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Wang ◽  
Akif Akgul ◽  
Unal Cavusoglu ◽  
Viet-Thanh Pham ◽  
Duy Vo Hoang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chaotic System ◽  
Infinite Number ◽  
Electronic Circuit ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Chaotic Attractors ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Generation Algorithm ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Number Of Equilibria ◽  
Line Equilibrium

Systems with many equilibrium points have attracted considerable interest recently. A chaotic system with a line equilibrium has been studied in this work. The system has infinite equilibria and exhibits coexisting chaotic attractors. The system with an infinite number of equilibria has been realized by an electronic circuit, which confirms the feasibility of the system. Based on such a system, we have developed a new S-Box generation algorithm. With the developed algorithm, two new S-Boxes are produced. Performance tests of S-Boxes are performed. The tests have shown that proposed S-Boxes have good performance results.

Thermal Properties of Novel Carbonaceous Fiber Battings

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Shanley ◽  
B. Lewis Slaten ◽  
Paul Shanley ◽  
Roy Broughton ◽  
David Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Thermal Protective Performance ◽  
Thermal Transmittance ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Carbonaceous Fiber ◽  
Protective Performance ◽  
Flame Protection

There is a need for materials and battings which provide fire resistant properties and are lightweight, washable, and aesthetically accep table. Thermal properties of batts constructed from a new carbonaceous fiber were evaluated to determine its usefulness in military and commercial applica tions for thermal and fire protection. Carbonaceous batts were compared to batts available in commercial and military products on thermal transmittance (conductance and resistance) and thermal protective performance. Results indicated that experimental batts could be constructed to provide insulation comparable to available products. Thermal protective performance tests indicated that the carbonaceous batts provided flame protection superior to current military and commercial products.

scholarly journals Matherpiece: An Introduction to Math E-Learning PC Game Application for Grade 1 Pupils

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1784-1788
Keyword(s):  
Stress Test ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
Math Skills ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Adobe Photoshop ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Software And Hardware

The purpose of this project is to help and encourage Grade 1 students with the ages ranging 6-7 to improve their math skills and make mathematical concepts more interactive. It is built with the use of a Kinect device with a motion sensor that enables the users to control the game application through hand gestures. The project covers topics like counting, addition, subtraction, patterns, and comparing numbers. The application has lessons with learning activities and quiz as for the assessment. The application can run on Windows OS 10 with a screen display of 1366 x 768. It was developed using Microsoft Visual Studio 2015, C# for the programming language, Kinect SDK for references, and Adobe Photoshop CS6, Moovly and Sony Vegas Pro 14 for the design, videos and audios. The researchers successfully conducted test cases such as the functionality of the overall features, the stress test for stability of the Kinect device and compatibility testing for the software and hardware requirements. The evaluation was participated by ten (10) IT experts and thirty-five (35) end-users comprised of Grade 1 pupils with their parents and Grade 1 teachers. The user’s acceptability of the project was based on the criteria of PC Game application such as functionality, engagement, and aesthetics. The overall evaluation results garnered an average mean of “3.68” and a standard deviation of “0.10” with an interpretation of “Highly Acceptable”. Hence, participants strongly agreed that the project can be an educational tool in learning basic mathematics for children.

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