scholarly journals How ’Straight’ Has Developed Its Meanings －Based on a metaphysical theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
Kosuke Nakashima
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Metaphysical Theory ◽  
Normal Image ◽  
Conceptual Connection ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Central Meaning ◽  
Made In

This paper makes the development of the word ’straight’ clear. Dictionaries define ’straight’ as; ‘without a curve or bend’, ‘going direct to the target’, ‘honest’, ‘in continuous succession’ or ‘neat’. As can be seen, ’straight’ has a variety of meanings. Some connections between these meanings can be guessed but others cannot. The mechanism of how ’straight’ has obtained each meaning will be explained logically in this paper. First, the most basic or central meaning of ’straight’ is ‘without a curve or bend’. So ’straight’ modifies the verb ’stand’ like the following: He stood up straight. ’Straight’ has a strong conceptual connection with a standing posture. At the present time, ’straight’ is the normal posture for human beings. This means ’straight’ has a concept for ‘normal’ for human beings like the following: He grew up straight. This sentence does not mean that his posture is straight up. It means that he grew up honest. ’Straight’ gives a normal image to English speakers both physically and metaphysically. Like an example above, this paper explains how ’straight’ has developed its meanings through the human beings’ way of thinking. And some comparisons between English expressions and Japanese ones, which is the author’s mother tongue, are made in this paper as well.

כסתות, מספחות and נפשות (Ezek 13:17–23)

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-305
Author(s):  
Daewook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Human Beings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conceptual Connection ◽  
The People ◽  
The Dead

AbstractThe expression נפשות in Ezekiel 13 refers to two different meanings: (living) human beings and the spirits of the dead. The words כסתות and מספחות seem to refer to the paraphernalia involved in the women’s practice of necromancy and in the fall of the people, respectively. The expression נפשות is employed as antanaclasis to establish a conceptual connection between necromancy and ruin.

Anthropocentrism without a centre?

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Being And Time ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Unusual Structure ◽  
Western Philosophical Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unique Relationship ◽  
Made In ◽  
Number Of Authors ◽  
The Way

I am grateful to Håkan Karlsson for his thoughtful commentary on some of the issues concerning Heidegger and archaeology which were raised in a previous issue of this journal, and find myself fascinated by his project of a ‘contemplative archaeology’. However, one or two points of clarification could be made in relation to Karlsson's contribution. Firstly, as a number of authors have pointed out (e.g. Anderson 1966, 20; Olafson 1993), the gulf between Heidegger's early work and that which followed the Kehre may have been more apparent than real. While his focus may have shifted from the Being of one particular kind of being (Dasein) to a history of Being (Dreyfus 1992), the continuities in his thought are more striking. Throughout his career, Heidegger was concerned with the category of Being, and the way in which it had been passed over by the western philosophical tradition. It is important to note that in Being and time the analysis of Dasein essentially serves as an heuristic: the intention is to move from an understanding of the Being of one kind of being to that of Being in general. What complicates the issue is the very unusual structure of this specific kind of being, for Heidegger did not choose to begin his analysis with the Being of shoes or stones, but with a kind of creature which has a unique relationship with all other worldly entities. ‘Dasein’ serves as a kind of code for ‘human being’ which enables Heidegger to talk about the way in which human beings exist on earth, rather than becoming entangled in biological or psychological definitions of humanity. In this formulations, what is distinctive about human beings is that their own existence is an issue for them; Dasein cares, and this caring is fundamentally temporal.

scholarly journals A Study on Jainism History, Philosophy and Traditions in Tamilnadu

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
M Rajeshwari ◽  
A Amirthavalli
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
South India ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Indian History ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way

In Tamil Nadu Hinduism and Buddhism, Jainism is one of the three oldest Indian strict conventions still in presence and a necessary piece of South indian strict conviction and practice. While frequently utilizing ideas imparted to Hinduism and Buddhism, the consequence of a typical social and phonetic foundation, the Jain convention should be viewed as a free marvel as opposed to as a Hindu order or a Buddhist blasphemy, as some previous Western researchers accepted. In South India, Jainism is minimal in overflow of a name. Indeed, even genuine understudies of religion in India gave little consideration to it. In a populace of almost 60 crores of individuals, Jainas may establish almost nearly 3 million individuals. Jainism is the religion of the Jains who follow the way, lectured and rehearsed by the Jinas. It is a fully evolved and grounded religion and social framework that rose up out of 6 century BC .The trademark highlight of this religion is its case to all inclusiveness which it holds essentially contrary to Brahmanism. It very well may be said that throughout the previous 2500 years the Jains have contributed such a huge amount to each circle of life of Indian individuals both as a religion and a way of thinking. They contributed a lot to the regions of culture, language, exchange and agribusiness, or all in all the Jains opened up another period of human thoughts and musings. In Indian History, endeavors were made to contemplate Jainism as a religion and its commitments yet focus on the Jain movement into Tamil Nadu and its effects are restricted. An endeavor is made in this examination to investigate the recorded geology of the Jain focuses in Tamil Nadu.

IOTs

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-147
Author(s):  
N. Raghavendra Rao
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Telecommunication Technology ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Ubiquitous And Pervasive Computing ◽  
Made In

Information technology has advanced by delivering an exponential increase in computing power. Telecommunication technology has likewise advanced communicating capabilities. Convergence of these two technologies has become possible due to the rapid advancements made in the respective technology. This convergence is termed as information and communication technology as a discipline. Many concepts are emerging in this discipline. These concepts enable business, government, and human beings to reach new realities in their required activities. Some of these concepts have created various opportunities for designing and manufacturing electronic devices. When these devices are connected to other devices and systems over the internet, this is now known as internet of things (IoT). This chapter gives a brief overview of the concepts such as cloud computing and ubiquitous and pervasive computing in the context of internet of things. Further, this chapter discusses five case illustrations with the relevance of internet of things.

Human nature

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Political Association ◽  
Made In

Every political philosophy takes for granted a view of human nature, and every view of human nature is controversial. Political philosophers have responded to this conundrum in a variety of ways. Some have defended particular views of human nature, while others have sought to develop political philosophies that are compatible with many different views of human nature, or, alternatively, which rest on as few controversial assumptions about human nature as possible. Some political philosophers have taken the view that human nature is an immutable given, others that it is shaped (in varying degrees) by culture and circumstance. Differences about the basic attitudes of human beings toward one another – whether selfish, altruistic or some combination – have also exercised political philosophers. Although none of these questions has been settled definitively, various advances have been made in thinking systematically about them. Four prominent debates concern: (1) the differences between perfectionist views, in which human nature is seen as malleable, and constraining views, in which it is not; (2) the nature/nurture controversy, which revolves around the degree to which human nature is a consequence of biology as opposed to social influence, and the implications of this question for political philosophy; (3) the opposition between self-referential and other-referential conceptions of human nature and motivation – whether we are more affected by our own condition considered in itself, or by comparisons between our own condition and that of others; and (4) attempts to detach philosophical thought about political association from all controversial assumptions about human nature.

Emotion Generation Based on a Mismatch Theory of Emotions for Situated Agents

2009 ◽  
pp. 247-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clément Raïevsky ◽  
François Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Signaling Function ◽  
Emotion Generation ◽  
Collective Foraging ◽  
Mismatch Theory ◽  
Artificial Model ◽  
Made In

Emotion plays several important roles in the cognition of human beings and other life forms, and is therefore a legitimate inspiration for providing situated agents with adaptability and autonomy. However, there is no unified theory of emotion and many discoveries are yet to be made in its applicability to situated agents. One function of emotion commonly identified by psychologists is to signal to other cognitive processes that the current situation requires an adaptation. The main purposes of this chapter are to highlight the usefulness of this signaling function of emotion for situated agents and to present an artificial model of anger and fear based on mismatch theories of emotion, which aims at replicating this function. Collective foraging simulations are used to demonstrate the feasibility of the model and to characterize its influence on a decision-making architecture.

An overview of radioactivity measurement studies in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wazir Muhammad ◽  
Matiullah ◽  
Asad Ullah ◽  
Sajjad Tahir ◽  
Fawad Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Naturally Occurring Radionuclides ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Radiological Health ◽  
Made In

Abstract In our environment, various naturally occurring radionuclides are present (both underground and overground) in several places, which results in lifelong human exposure. The radiation dose received by human beings from the radiation emitted by these naturally occurring radionuclides is approximately 87%. Exposure to radiation poses radiological health hazards. To assess the human health hazards from radiation, the concentration of these naturally occurring radionuclides are measured in soil (used for cultivation), building materials (soil, bricks, sand, marble, etc.), water and dietary items, worldwide. The available literature revealed that numerous studies related to the subject have been carried out in Pakistan. Most of these studies measured the radioactivity concentrations of primordial [uranium (238U), thorium (232Th), radium (226Ra) and potassium (40K)] and anthropogenic [cesium (137Cs)] radionuclide in soil samples (used for cultivation), fertilizers, building materials (i.e. bricks, rocks, sand, soil, marble, etc.), as well as water and dietary items, using a sodium iodide detector or high purity germanium. An effort was made in 2008 to compile these studies as a review article. However, since then, considerable studies have been undertaken and reported in the literature. Therefore, the main objective of the present article is to provide a countrywide baseline data on radionuclide levels, by overviewing and compiling the relevant studies carried out in Pakistan.

De Konstruktie Van Een Vokabulair Amsterdam in Tweede-Taalverwerving

1978 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 121-149
Author(s):  
Geert Jan Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Cognitive Structure ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
General Question ◽  
L2 Vocabulary ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dutch Children

The general question to be answered in this study, and to be reported in this talk,reads: is there a transfer of cognitive structure from mother tongue to second language? As far as the construction of the vocabulary in a foreign language is concerned, the question means: does this process go just like the construction of the Ll-vocabulary (no transfer), or is the L2 vocabulary directly from the beginning onwards stored in a structure similar to the structure resulting from the process of aquiring the mother tongue (transfer)? If transfer takes place from the beginnings then simple English words have to be stored by speakers of Dutch, beginning to learn English, in the same way as by native English speakers, if and only if both groups have in their mother tongue the same cognitive structures at their disposal. In the experiment thirty Dutch children participated, 13-15 years of age, who had just started to learn English, and an equal number of English/Dutch bilingual children of similar age. There were two experimental tasks 1) the sorting task: based on similarity in meaning twenty cards (on every card a single word) had to be sorted in piles? 2} free recall: twenty words in random order were presented to the subject, after which he/she had to mention the words he could recall. The results were analysed in two separate ways; a) a"hierarchical clustering scheme" and b) an analysis of the degree to which the words were sorted together, res-pectively recalled as a function of the abstractness of the relationship that exists between those words. As predicted, the hypothesis that transfer does take place could not be falsified.

Race in Global Perspective

Sociology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Vergara-Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

Race and racism are key analytical constructs that express fundamental issues not only of power and inequality, but also of justice, democracy, equity, and emancipation. The study of race in the social sciences is an established, dynamic, multidisciplinary, and international field. Work began at the end of the 19th century. To study race with a global perspective, it is necessary to have a transdisciplinary view to read critically the phenomena that intersect with this variable. This field includes contributions from sociology, history, philosophy, legal studies, anthropology, cultural studies, political science, epidemiology, and journalism, among others. Several declarations have been made in recent years about the alleged end of racism or the end of a race-coded era. However, even though they are not new, every time they resurge these doxas underline new regimes of truth, reconfigure racisms, and strength inequality. The vast literature produced by scholars in this field provides evidence of how race is based on narratives created to enslave, subordinate, exploit, and exclude millions of human beings across the globe.

The Significance of Society in the 18th Century: Conversations about Governance

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Cayton
Keyword(s):  
American Revolution ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Political Reform ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
British Politics ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Run Up ◽  
The Glorious Revolution ◽  
Power And Influence

The American Revolution was an episode in a transatlantic outcry against the corruption of the British balance of power and liberty institutionalized in the Glorious Revolution of 1688–1689. English speakers during the 18th century reflected on this constitutional crisis within a larger conversation about the problem of human governance. Although many people excluded from Parliament supported political reform, if not revolution, they also sought remedies for the perversion of political power and influence in new forms of social power and influence. This article looks at the convergence of political and social discussions in a common discourse about the nature of power and the ways in which human beings influenced each other. The first section outlines the meanings of power and influence in British politics. The second section uses the novelist Sarah Fielding’s Remarks on Clarissa (1759) to delineate revolutionary notions about social power and influence. The third section turns to the speeches and writings of Edmund Burke in the run-up to the American Revolution to look at how English speakers deployed notions of social power to advocate for political reform.

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