Neuravena® and the brain: first clinical data

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Schellekens ◽  
T Perrinjaquet-Moccetti ◽  
M Verbruggen ◽  
W Dimpfel
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals The Circadian Clock, the Brain, and COVID-19: The Cases of Olfaction and the Timing of Sleep

2021 ◽  
pp. 074873042110312
Author(s):  
Rachel S. Herz ◽  
Erik D. Herzog ◽  
Martha Merrow ◽  
Sara B. Noya
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Circadian Clocks ◽  
Olfactory Sensitivity ◽  
Daily Rhythms ◽  
Sense Of Smell ◽  
The Brain

Daily rhythms of behavior and neurophysiology are integral to the circadian clocks of all animals. Examples of circadian clock regulation in the human brain include daily rhythms in sleep-wake, cognitive function, olfactory sensitivity, and risk for ischemic stroke, all of which overlap with symptoms displayed by many COVID-19 patients. Motivated by the relatively unexplored, yet pervasive, overlap between circadian functions and COVID-19 neurological symptoms, this perspective piece uses daily variations in the sense of smell and the timing of sleep and wakefulness as illustrative examples. We propose that time-stamping clinical data and testing may expand and refine diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.

Swearing and the brain

2018 ◽  
pp. 107-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlomit Ritz Finkelstein
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Inhibition ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
The Brain

This chapter explores and summarizes the current knowledge about the neurophysiological substrata of the utterance of expletives—its brain regions, pathways, and neurotransmitters, and its interaction with hormones. The chapter presents clinical data that have been gathered directly from patients of aphasia, Tourette syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease, and brain injuries—all are disorders often accompanied with expletives. It also discusses the possible relations between swearing and aggression, swearing and pain, and swearing and social inhibition in the population at large. Finally, the chapter examines the clinical data and the data gathered from the population at large within one frame, and proposes two hypotheses that can serve as possible directions for future research about the biological substrata of swearing. No previous knowledge of the brain is assumed.

Ventricle wall movements and cerebrospinal fluid flow in hydrocephalus

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Penn ◽  
Sukhraaj Basati ◽  
Brian Sweetman ◽  
Xiaodong Guo ◽  
Andreas Linninger
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Ventricular Wall ◽  
Csf Flow ◽  
Wall Movement ◽  
Cine Mr ◽  
The Brain

Object The dynamics of fluid flow in normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) are poorly understood. Normally, CSF flows out of the brain through the ventricles. However, ventricular enlargement during NPH may be caused by CSF backflow into the brain through the ventricles. A previous study showed this reversal of flow; in the present study, the authors provide additional clinical data obtained in patients with NPH and supplement these data with computer simulations to better understand the CSF flow and ventricular wall displacement and emphasize its clinical implications. Methods Three NPH patients and 1 patient with aqueductal stenosis underwent cine phase-contrast MR imaging (cine MR imaging) for measurement of CSF flow and ventricle wall movement during the cardiac cycle. These data were compared to data previously obtained in 8 healthy volunteers. The CSF flow measurements were obtained at the outlet of the aqueduct of Sylvius. Calculation of the ventricular wall movement was determined from the complete set of cine MR images obtained axially at the middle of the lateral ventricle. The data were obtained before and after CSF removal with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt with an adjustable valve. To supplement the clinical data, a computational model was used to predict the transmural pressure and flow. Results In healthy volunteers, net CSF aqueductal flow was 1.2 ml/minute in the craniocaudal direction. In patients with NPH, the net CSF flow was in the opposite direction—the caudocranial direction—before shunt placement. After shunting, the magnitude of the abnormal fluid flow decreased or reversed, with the flow resembling the normal flow patterns observed in healthy volunteers. Conclusions The authors' MR imaging–based measurements of the CSF flow direction and lateral ventricle volume size change and the results of computer modeling of fluid dynamics lead them to conclude that the directional pattern and magnitude of CSF flow in patients with NPH may be an indication of the disease state. This has practical implications for shunt design and understanding the mechanisms that produce hydrocephalus.

SU-FF-T-488: Estimation of Alpha/beta Ratio for Benign Tumor of the Brain From Clinical Data

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Part16) ◽  
pp. 2635-2635
Author(s):  
N Stansook ◽  
V Boonkitticharoen ◽  
M Dhanachai
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Benign Tumor ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Case of lethal outcome of an infant due to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
N. N. Morozova ◽  
V. A. Zinserling ◽  
N. Yu. Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Brain

The article presents clinical data and the results of a detailed pathology changes in a 2-month-old infant who died from a coronavirus infection, confirmed by the results of in vivo PCR and morphological examination, which included the detection of the SARS-Cov-2 spike antigen. Histological examination in the lungs, as well as in the brain revealed cytoproliferative and cytopathic changes similar to those described in coronavirus infection in adults, while other characteristic for them lesions were not determined. The unfavorable course of COVID-19 was facilitated by an activated intrauterine infection, mycoplasmosis or chlamydiosis according to morphological data. 

Driving after an injury or disease affecting the brain: an analysis of clinical data

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 376-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kersti Samuelsson ◽  
Ingalill Modig-Arding ◽  
Ewa Wressle
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Useful Field Of View ◽  
Driving Skill ◽  
Screening Assessment ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Ability To Drive

Introduction Traffic safety may be affected if a licence holder has experienced illness or injury that may have an impact on cognition. Occupational therapists are involved in assessing cognitive functions that might affect a patient’s ability to drive a car using different evaluation tools in different countries and settings. The aim of this study was to look at the predictive value of some of the assessment tools available to occupational therapists for making judgements about resuming driving after cognitive impairment due to brain trauma or disease. Method A retrospective study based on clinical data from 204 patients referred to a specialist department for recommendations on ability to drive after brain injury or disease. All patients underwent three assessments: stroke drivers screening assessment, useful field of view and simulated driving skill. In addition, an on-road assessment was added in 76% of the sample. Results Useful field of view had the highest sensitivity (78%) and, combined with the results from the simulator, the sensitivity was 87%. The specificity for the two methods was 55%. Conclusion The results from useful field of view and a simulator test combined best predicted the final recommendation from the multi-professional team discussion on which clients should be recommended not to resume driving.

Waterjet dissection in the brain: review of the experimental and clinical data with special reference to meningioma surgery

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Oertel ◽  
Michael Robert Gaab ◽  
Rolf Warzok ◽  
Jürgen Piek
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Waterjet Dissection ◽  
Meningioma Surgery ◽  
The Brain

A Distributed Clinical Data Platform for Physiological Studies in the Brain Trauma Domain

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Stell ◽  
Richard O. Sinnott ◽  
Rob Donald ◽  
Iain Chambers ◽  
Giuseppe Citerio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Brain Trauma ◽  
Data Platform ◽  
Physiological Studies ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals The Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor as a Target for Antidepressant Drug Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah S. Philip ◽  
Linda L. Carpenter ◽  
Audrey R. Tyrka ◽  
Lawrence H. Price
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine ◽  
Antidepressant Efficacy ◽  
As Stress ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitors

An important new area of antidepressant drug development involves targeting the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). This receptor, which is distributed widely in regions of the brain associated with depression, is also implicated in other important processes that are relevant to depression, such as stress and inflammation. The two classes of drugs that target nAChRs can be broadly divided into mecamylamine- and cytisine-based compounds. These drugs probably exert their effects via antagonism atα4β2 nAChRs, and strong preclinical data support the antidepressant efficacy of both classes when used in conjunction with other primary antidepressants (e.g., monoamine reuptake inhibitors). Although clinical data remain limited, preliminary results in this area constitute a compelling argument for further evaluation of the nAChR as a target for future antidepressant drug development.

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