Quantitative 3D Micro-CT Imaging of Human Lung Tissue

Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a promising novel medical imaging modality that allows for non-destructive volumetric imaging of surgical tissue specimens at high spatial resolution. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the clinical applications of micro-CT for the tissue-based diagnosis of lung diseases. This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, aiming to include every clinical study reporting on micro-CT imaging of human lung tissues. A literature search yielded 570 candidate articles, out of which 37 were finally included in the review. Of the selected studies, 9 studies explored via micro-CT imaging the morphology and anatomy of normal human lung tissue; 21 studies investigated microanatomic pulmonary alterations due to obstructive or restrictive lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and cystic fibrosis; and 7 studies examined the utility of micro-CT imaging in assessing lung cancer lesions (n = 4) or in transplantation-related pulmonary alterations (n = 3). The selected studies reported that micro-CT could successfully detect several lung diseases providing three-dimensional images of greater detail and resolution than routine optical slide microscopy, and could additionally provide valuable volumetric insight in both restrictive and obstructive lung diseases. In conclusion, micro-CT-based volumetric measurements and qualitative evaluations of pulmonary tissue structures can be utilized for the clinical management of a variety of lung diseases. With micro-CT devices becoming more accessible, the technology has the potential to establish itself as a core diagnostic imaging modality in pathology and to enable integrated histopathologic and radiologic assessment of lung cancer and other lung diseases.

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High-Resolution CT Findings of Leukemia Pulmonary Infiltration and Chemotherapy Outcome and In Vitro Study of Human Lung Tissue

Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics ◽

10.1166/jmihi.2021.3276 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 360-369

Author(s):

Caide Xie ◽

Tianjing Zhao ◽

Liang Fang

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Lung Tissue ◽

Human Lung ◽

Ct Imaging ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Human Lung Tissue ◽

High Resolution Ct ◽

Ct Findings ◽

Pulmonary Infiltration

In order to explore the high-resolution CT findings of leukemia pulmonary infiltration and chemotherapy outcomes and the in vitro study of human lung tissue, this paper selected a total of 120 clinically or surgically confirmed leukemia patients at the designated hospital of the study from December 2014 to December 2018, and divided them into three groups according to the random number table method: pulmonary infiltration group, chemotherapy outcome group and in vitro study group, with 40 cases in each group. The CT imaging features of the three groups of patients were observed and summarized respectively; the anomalous evaluation indexes of pulmonary parenchyma tissue abnormalities included CT halo sign, air crescent sign, lung segment consolidation, bronchial vascular bundle and nodules; the CT abnormalities such as thickening of the interlobular septum, bronchial interstitial thickening, nodular shadow, ground glassy change, and air cavity consolidation were selected as observation indicators. The results show that all cases have multiple solid nodules or multiple plaques, varying in number, size and distribution, in which 13 cases have multiple patchy shadows, 9 cases have multiple knots and 11 cases have multiple plaques and nodules; lesions are mainly distributed along the bronchial vessels in 21 cases, and 9 cases are along the center of the small leaves and 5 cases are randomly distributed; there are 13 cases that have frosted glass, in which 4 cases with pleural effusion, 9 cases with mold infection, show multiple patchy shadows with halo signs and layered mold balls. In summary, leukemia pulmonary infiltration has polymorphic high-resolution CT findings and chemotherapy outcomes; high-resolution CT imaging and in vitro studies of human lung tissue have important clinical and pathological research value for leukemia infiltration and chemotherapy outcome. The results of this study provide a reference for the further researches on high-resolution CT findings of pulmonary infiltration and chemotherapy outcomes and in vitro studies of human lung tissue.

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Extracting alveolar structure of human lung tissue specimens based on surface skeleton representation from 3D micro-CT images

10.1117/12.709434 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Hiroyuki Ishimori ◽

Yoshiki Kawata ◽

Noboru Niki ◽

Yoshihiro Nakaya ◽

Hironobu Ohmatsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Tissue ◽

Human Lung ◽

Ct Images ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Human Lung Tissue ◽

Alveolar Structure ◽

Tissue Specimens

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Nondestructive cryomicro-CT imaging enables structural and molecular analysis of human lung tissue

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00838.2016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 122 (1) ◽

pp. 161-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Dragoş M. Vasilescu ◽

André B. Phillion ◽

Naoya Tanabe ◽

Daisuke Kinose ◽

David F. Paige ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Analysis ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Human Lung ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Ct Imaging ◽

Matrix Composition ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Human Lung Tissue ◽

Lung Structure

Micro-computed tomography (CT) enables three-dimensional (3D) imaging of complex soft tissue structures, but current protocols used to achieve this goal preclude cellular and molecular phenotyping of the tissue. Here we describe a radiolucent cryostage that permits micro-CT imaging of unfixed frozen human lung samples at an isotropic voxel size of (11 µm)3 under conditions where the sample is maintained frozen at −30°C during imaging. The cryostage was tested for thermal stability to maintain samples frozen up to 8 h. This report describes the methods used to choose the materials required for cryostage construction and demonstrates that whole genome mRNA integrity and expression are not compromised by exposure to micro-CT radiation and that the tissue can be used for immunohistochemistry. The new cryostage provides a novel method enabling integration of 3D tissue structure with cellular and molecular analysis to facilitate the identification of molecular determinants of disease. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The described micro-CT cryostage provides a novel way to study the three-dimensional lung structure preserved without the effects of fixatives while enabling subsequent studies of the cellular matrix composition and gene expression. This approach will, for the first time, enable researchers to study structural changes of lung tissues that occur with disease and correlate them with changes in gene or protein signatures.

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Mast Cell Heterogeneity in Human Lung Tissue

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0770297 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 297-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

F. J. Van Overveld ◽

L. A. M. J. Houben ◽

F. E. M. Schmitz du Moulin ◽

P. L. B. Bruijnzeel ◽

J. A. M. Raaijmakers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Alcian Blue ◽

Lung Tissue ◽

Human Lung ◽

Immunoglobulin E ◽

Prostaglandin D2 ◽

Leukotriene C4 ◽

Human Lung Tissue ◽

No Release

1. In this study mast cells were found to comprise 2.1% of total cells recovered by enzymatic digestion of human lung tissue. 2. This mast cell population consisted of 79% formalin-sensitive, Alcian Blue-positive mast cells and 21% formalin-insensitive, Alcian Blue-positive mast cells. 3. By the use of centrifugal elutriation and subsequent Percoll gradient centrifugation, separate mixed cell populations could be obtained in which the mast cell constituents were either of the formalin-sensitive or -insensitive type. 4. Cell suspensions in which formalin-sensitive cells comprised 97% of mast cells contained approximately 1.34 pg of histamine per mast cell, whereas in preparations in which mast cells were 84% formalin-resistant the histamine content was approximately 4.17 pg of histamine per mast cell. 5. The histamine release upon anti-immunoglobulin E challenge of formalin-sensitive mast cells was greater than the release by formalin-insensitive mast cells. 6. After challenge with opsonized zymosan, only formalin-sensitive mast cells were able to release histamine. 7. Leukotriene C4 release was observed when formalin-sensitive mast cells were challenged with antiimmunoglobulin E. Formalin-insensitive mast cells showed no release of leukotriene C4. 8. Prostaglandin D2 release was observed when formalin-insensitive mast cells were challenged with antiimmunoglobulin E. Formalin-sensitive mast cells showed no release of prostaglandin D2.

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The Glucocorticosteroid, Budesonide, Partially Blocks Histamine Release from Human Lung Tissue in Vitro

Allergy ◽

10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00307.x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 319-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

H. Bergstrand ◽

B. Lundquist ◽

B.-Å. Petersson

Keyword(s):

Histamine Release ◽

Lung Tissue ◽

Human Lung ◽

Human Lung Tissue

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Antiinflammatory steroids inhibit granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor production by human lung tissue

Lung ◽

10.1007/bf00185082 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 172 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

M. Kato ◽

R.P. Schleimer

Keyword(s):

Lung Tissue ◽

Human Lung ◽

Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Human Lung Tissue ◽

Factor Production ◽

Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Macrophage Colony ◽

Antiinflammatory Steroids ◽

Stimulating Factor

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Human Lung Tissue Explants Reveal Novel Interactions during Legionella pneumophila Infections

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00703-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 275-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Jens Jäger ◽

Sebastian Marwitz ◽

Jana Tiefenau ◽

Janine Rasch ◽

Olga Shevchuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Tissue ◽

Legionella Pneumophila ◽

Human Lung ◽

Transcriptional Response ◽

Human Infection ◽

Bacterial Invasion ◽

Human Lung Tissue ◽

Content Type ◽

Tissue Explants ◽

Legionnaires Disease

ABSTRACTHistological and clinical investigations describe late stages of Legionnaires' disease but cannot characterize early events of human infection. Cellular or rodent infection models lack the complexity of tissue or have nonhuman backgrounds. Therefore, we developed and applied a novel model forLegionella pneumophilainfection comprising living human lung tissue. We stimulated lung explants withL. pneumophilastrains and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) to analyze tissue damage, bacterial replication, and localization as well as the transcriptional response of infected tissue. Interestingly, we found that extracellular adhesion ofL. pneumophilato the entire alveolar lining precedes bacterial invasion and replication in recruited macrophages. In contrast, OMVs predominantly bound to alveolar macrophages. Specific damage to septa and epithelia increased over 48 h and was stronger in wild-type-infected and OMV-treated samples than in samples infected with the replication-deficient, type IVB secretion-deficient DotA−strain. Transcriptome analysis of lung tissue explants revealed a differential regulation of 2,499 genes after infection. The transcriptional response included the upregulation of uteroglobin and the downregulation of the macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO). Immunohistochemistry confirmed the downregulation of MARCO at sites of pathogen-induced tissue destruction. Neither host factor has ever been described in the context ofL. pneumophilainfections. This work demonstrates that the tissue explant model reproduces realistic features of Legionnaires' disease and reveals new functions for bacterial OMVs during infection. Our model allows us to characterize early steps of human infection which otherwise are not feasible for investigations.

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Preparation of Single Cell Suspension from Human Lung Tissue v1

10.17504/protocols.io.bwr9pd96 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Steven B. Wells ◽

Peter A. Szabo ◽

Basak Ural ◽

Maya M.L. Poon

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Cell Suspension ◽

Single Cell ◽

Lung Tissue ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Human Lung ◽

Dilution Factor ◽

Single Cell Suspension ◽

Human Lung Tissue ◽

Defined Media

This protocol describes a method for the isolation of the immune cells, structural and epithelial cells, and progenitors from human lung sections of about two grams. By providing defined media formulations, volumes at each step, and a defined dilution factor for density centrifugation, it yields consistent single-cell suspensions across samples.

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