The Role of Vitamin D and the Vitamin D Receptor in Bone Oncology

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Holzapfel ◽  
F. Jakob ◽  
A. A. Kurth ◽  
G. Maier ◽  
K. Horas
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Health Problem

SummaryVitamin D deficiency is a global health problem of enormous and increasing dimensions. In the past decades, numerous studies have centered on the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis and course of many diseases including several types of cancer. Indeed, vitamin D has been widely acknowledged to be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in numerous cancer cells. While the full range of molecular mechanisms involveld in cancer cell growth and progression remains to be elucidated, recent research has deepened our understanding of the processes that may be affected by vitamin D or vitamin D deficiency.In this review, we consider the properties of bone that enable cancer cells to grow and thrive within the skeleton, and the role of vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor in the process of primary and secondary cancer growth in bone.

Role of Rb Family in Vitamin D Receptor-Mediated Anti-Tumor Effects in Ovarian Cancer Cells.

2010 ◽  
pp. P1-9-P1-9
Author(s):  
J Tang ◽  
P Li ◽  
AKW Tse ◽  
SV Nicosia ◽  
X Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cells

scholarly journals Role of acidic tumor microenvironment in tumor pathogenesis and targeting

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Vishal Sharma ◽  
Chhaya Bawa ◽  
Kuldeep Chand Vatsyan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis

Extensive efforts are going on to understand the molecular mechanisms behind tumor initiation, progression, and invasion and find novel targets for cancer treatment. The physiological state of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial to every step of tumor cell growth and angiogenesis. Cancer cells are rarely in contact with each other. The intervening medium between the cancer cells, immune cells, and other cells become acidic, which significantly affects cancer pathogenesis. It could be a novel targeting marker and may help treat tumors. Even after extensive research in this area, the nature of molecular alterations and the basic mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment remains unclear. Based on recent studies of TME, this mini-review bids a more inclusive overview of the role of TME in cancer cell growth. Also, it helps to understand the potential of TME for therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Minireview: Vitamin D: Is There a Role in Extraskeletal Health?

Endocrinology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (8) ◽  
pp. 2930-2936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Christakos ◽  
Hector F. DeLuca
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Developed Countries

In recent years, vitamin D has received increased attention due to the resurgence of vitamin D deficiency and rickets in developed countries together with the identification of extraskeletal vitamin D receptor-mediated actions, suggesting unexpected benefits of vitamin D in health and diseases. Although there is increased awareness of the importance of vitamin D, the role of vitamin D in extraskeletal health has been a matter of debate. In this review, we will summarize what is known and indicate the questions that remain and need to be addressed.

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin D and Vitamin D Receptor in Oral Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paria Motahari ◽  
Fatemeh Pournaghi Azar ◽  
Arefeh Rasi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Lichen Planus ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Oral Lichen Planus ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Oral Lichen

BACKGROUND: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is known to be a chronic inflammatory disease associated with various other systemic disorders. Studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency can be involved in the pathogenesis of lichen planus. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor in OLP.METHODS: In this review study, all English and Persian articles were searched by relevant keywords from the Google scholar, PubMed, science direct, Cochrane, Scopus and Sid databases until January 2020.RESULTS: From the 16 articles obtained after reviewing the abstracts, finally 14 appropriate articles were included in this study.CONCLUSION: According to the results of the studies, vitamin D deficiency may be associated with an increased risk of OLP lesions.

Novel role of the vitamin D receptor in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (1) ◽  
pp. G208-G216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Kong ◽  
Zhongyi Zhang ◽  
Mark W. Musch ◽  
Gang Ning ◽  
Jun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Colonic Epithelium ◽  
Impaired Wound Healing ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Epithelial Junctions

Emerging evidence supports a pathological link between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To explore the mechanism we used the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model to investigate the role of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in mucosal barrier homeostasis. While VDR+/+ mice were mostly resistant to 2.5% DSS, VDR−/− mice developed severe diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and marked body weight loss, leading to death in 2 wk. Histological examination revealed extensive ulceration and impaired wound healing in the colonic epithelium of DSS-treated VDR−/− mice. Severe ulceration in VDR−/− mice was preceded by a greater loss of intestinal transepithelial electric resistance (TER) compared with VDR+/+ mice. Confocal and electron microscopy (EM) revealed severe disruption in epithelial junctions in VDR−/− mice after 3-day DSS treatment. Therefore, VDR−/− mice were much more susceptible to DSS-induced mucosal injury than VDR+/+ mice. In cell cultures, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] markedly enhanced tight junctions formed by Caco-2 monolayers by increasing junction protein expression and TER and preserved the structural integrity of tight junctions in the presence of DSS. VDR knockdown with small interfering (si)RNA reduced the junction proteins and TER in Caco-2 monolayers. 1,25(OH)2D3 can also stimulate epithelial cell migration in vitro. These observations suggest that VDR plays a critical role in mucosal barrier homeostasis by preserving the integrity of junction complexes and the healing capacity of the colonic epithelium. Therefore, vitamin D deficiency may compromise the mucosal barrier, leading to increased susceptibility to mucosal damage and increased risk of IBD.

scholarly journals The role of vitamin D in adipogenesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare F Dix ◽  
Johanna L Barclay ◽  
Olivia R L Wright
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Endogenous Production

Abstract Vitamin D, a secosteroid predominately obtained by endogenous production, has in recent years been linked to obesity and its comorbidities. The purpose of this review is to draw conclusions from animal and human studies on the effects of vitamin D on adipogenesis to identify the molecular links between vitamin D and obesity. The information presented herein was obtained from 4 databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus) using predefined search terms, as well as research literature and other reviews. The effects of vitamin D on adipogenesis have been researched in several animal models, and the majority of these studies suggest vitamin D plays an inhibitory role in adipogenesis. Studies into vitamin D status and obesity in humans are limited, with the majority being observational epidemiological studies that provide no conclusions on cause and effect or clear links on the molecular mechanisms. The few cell culture and supplementation studies that have investigated adipogenesis in human cells indicate that, in contrast to findings from rodent studies, vitamin D is proadipogenic. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether 1) vitamin D deficiency is associated with a lean or obese phenotype, 2) vitamin D deficiency is a consequence of obesity, or (3) the effects of vitamin D on fat tissue are due to interactions with calcium.

scholarly journals The Role of the Vitamin D Receptor in the Pathogenesis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Cutaneous Melanoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa L. Becker ◽  
Evan L. Carpenter ◽  
Andrzej T. Slominski ◽  
Arup K. Indra
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Prognostic Marker ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxy Vitamin D3

Melanoma is the malignant transformation of melanocytes and represents the most lethal form of skin cancer. While early-stage melanoma localized to the skin can be cured with surgical excision, metastatic melanoma often requires a multi-pronged approach and even then can exhibit treatment resistance. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of melanoma could lead to novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies to ultimately decrease morbidity and mortality. One emerging candidate that may have value as both a prognostic marker and in a therapeutic context is the vitamin D receptor (VDR). VDR is a nuclear steroid hormone receptor activated by 1,25 dihydroxy-vitamin D3 [calcitriol, 1,25(OH)2D3]. While 1,25 dihydroxy-vitamin D3 is typically thought of in relation to calcium metabolism, it also plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, programmed-cell death as well as photoprotection. This review discusses the role of VDR in the crosstalk between keratinocytes and melanocytes during melanomagenesis and summarizes the clinical data regarding VDR polymorphisms, VDR as a prognostic marker, and potential uses of vitamin D and its analogs as an adjuvant treatment for melanoma.

scholarly journals Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Serum Vitamin D Levels in a Greek Rural Population (Velestino Study)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Natalia Divanoglou ◽  
Despina Komninou ◽  
Eleni A. Stea ◽  
Anagnostis Argiriou ◽  
Grigorios Papatzikas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Vdr Gene Polymorphisms

<b><i>Background/Aim:</i></b> An alarming increase in vitamin D deficiency even in sunny regions highlights the need for a better understanding of the genetic background of the vitamin D endocrine system and the molecular mechanisms of gene polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). In this study, the serum levels of 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> were correlated with common VDR polymorphisms (<i>ApaI, BsmI, FokI</i>, and <i>TaqI</i>) in 98 subjects of a Greek homogeneous rural population. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> concentration was measured by ultra-HPLC, and the VDR gene polymorphisms were identified by quantitative real-time PCR followed by amplicon high-resolution melting analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Subjects carrying either the B <i>BsmI</i> (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.27–0.99) or t <i>TaqI</i> (OR: 2.06, 95%: 1.06–3.99) allele presented twice the risk for developing vitamin D deficiency compared to the reference allele. Moreover, subjects carrying 1, 2, or all 3 of these genotypes (BB/Bb, Tt/tt, and FF) demonstrated 2-fold (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 0.42–9.92), 3.6-fold (OR: 3.62, 95% CI: 1.07–12.2), and 7-fold (OR: 6.92, 95% CI: 1.68–28.5) increased risk for low 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> levels, respectively. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our findings reveal a cumulative effect of specific VDR gene polymorphisms that may regulate vitamin D concentrations explaining, in part, the paradox of vitamin D deficiency in sunny regions, with important implications for precision medicine.

SUBLINGUAL VITAMIN D3 DRUG THERAPY IN VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY PATIENTS AT PRAVARA RURAL HOSPITAL

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Sanjeeva Kumar Goud T ◽  
Rahul Kunkulol
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

The present study was aimed to study the effect of Sublingual Vitamin D3 on Serum Vitamin D level in Vitamin D deficiency patients. This was a cross-sectional and interventional study. All the Vitamin D deficiency patients of age 18-60years and either gender, willing to participate in the study were included. Patients who had greater than 20 ng/ml were excluded from the study. The total number of participants in our study was 200, out of these 111 males and 89 females, the mean age in our study was 51.07 ± 7.39Yrs. All volunteers were given sublingual vitamin D3 (60,000IU) in six doses every fifteen days of follow up for 3 months. The subject’s serum 25(OH)D levels were estimated before and after the treatment of sublingual vitamin D3. There was a statistically significant difference in serum vitamin D3 level before 16.61±6.71 ng/ml and after 35.80±7.80 ng/ml after treatment with Sublingual Vitamin D3. Six doses of 60,000IU of Vitamin D3 sublingual route having improved the role of serum 25(OH)D levels in the treatment of Vitamin D3 deficiency patients.Keywords: Vitamin D3; Sublingual route

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