Repair of Fractures of the Lateral Aspect of the Humeral Condyle in Skeletally Mature Dogs with Locking and Non-Locking Plates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew K. Eayrs ◽  
Vincent Guerin ◽  
James Grierson ◽  
Andrew P. Moores
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Excellent Outcome ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Compression Plate ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
String Of Pearls ◽  
Humeral Condyle

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to report the functional outcome and complications following transcondylar screw and epicondylar plate fixation of skeletally mature dogs with fractures of the lateral aspect of the humeral condyle using a string of pearls, limited contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP) or locking compression plate (LCP). Study Design This study was a retrospective review of clinical records, radiographic images and canine brief pain inventory evaluation with a supplementary non-validated questionnaire. Results Thirty-one fractures in 29 dogs were included. The majority of dogs were Spaniels (23/29). Thirty fractures had evidence of humeral intracondylar fissure. Sixteen fractures had string of pearls, eight LCP and seven LC-DCP. There were two minor complications and three major complications. Perioperative (median: 6 weeks, range: 6–12) outcome was considered fully functional for 24 fractures and acceptable for 6 fractures. One dog had an unacceptable outcome due to the failure of an LCP that healed following revision surgery. Fractures with radiographic follow-up had a persistent visible intracondylar fracture line in 20/26. Twenty-six of twenty-seven owners perceived an excellent outcome (median: 135 weeks, range: 25–246). Conclusion Repair of fractures of the lateral aspect of the humeral condyle with a transcondylar screw and epicondylar plate has a good perioperative, mid- and long-term outcome with 10% major complication rate, despite incomplete or non-union of the intracondylar fracture in 20/26 elbows.

scholarly journals A biomechanical comparison of 3.5 locking compression plate fixation to 3.5 limited contact dynamic compression plate fixation in a canine cadaveric distal humeral metaphyseal gap model

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Lanz ◽  
R. McLaughlin ◽  
S. Elder ◽  
S. Werre ◽  
D. Filipowicz
Keyword(s):  
Axial Compression ◽  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Locking Compression Plate ◽  
Locking Plates ◽  
Gap Model ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Dynamic Compression Plate ◽  
Compression Plate

Summary3.5 locking compression plate (LCP) fixation was compared to 3.5 limited contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP) fixation in a canine cadaveric, distal humeral metaphyseal gap model. Thirty paired humeri from adult, large breed dogs were separated into equal groups based on testing: static compression, cyclic compression, and cyclic torsion. Humeral constructs stabilized with LCP were significantly stiffer than those plated with LCDCP when loaded in static axial compression (P = 0.0004). When cyclically loaded in axial compression, the LCP constructs were significantly less stiff than the LC-DCP constructs (P = 0.0029). Constructs plated with LCP were significantly less resistant to torsion over 500 cycles than those plated with LC-DCP (P<0.0001). The increased stiffness of LCP constructs in monotonic loading compared to constructs stabilised with non-locking plates may be attributed to the stability afforded by the plate-screw interface of locking plates. The LCP constructs demonstrated less stiffness in dynamic testing in this model, likely due to plate-bone offset secondary to non-anatomic contouring and occasional incomplete seating of the locking screws when using the torque-limiting screw driver. Resolution of these aspects of LCP application may help improve the stiffness of fixation in fractures modeled by the experimental set-up of this investigation.

Biomechanical Testing of Locking and Nonlocking Plates in the Canine Scapula

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 372-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony E. Acquaviva ◽  
Emily I. Miller ◽  
David J. Eisenmann ◽  
Rick T. Stone ◽  
Karl H. Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Osteoporotic Bone ◽  
Locking Plates ◽  
Pullout Strength ◽  
Modes Of Failure ◽  
Conventional Plate ◽  
String Of Pearls ◽  
Type Of Fracture

Locking plates have been shown to offer improved fixation in fractures involving either osteoporotic bone or bone with lesser screw pullout strength, such as thin and flat bones. Fractures of the scapular body are one type of fracture where the screw pullout strength using conventional plate fixation may not be sufficient to overcome physiologic forces. The purpose of this study was to compare the pullout strengths of locking plates to conventional nonlocking plates in the canine scapula. A 2.7 mm string of pearls plate (SOP) and a 2.7 mm limited contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP) were applied with similar divergent screws to the supraspinatus fossa of the scapula. Forces perpendicular to the plates were applied and both the loads at failure and modes of failure were recorded. No differences were noted in loads at failure between the two plating systems. Although the modes of failure were not significantly different, the SOP constructs tended to fail more often by bone slicing and coring, whereas the LC-DCP constructs failed primarily by screw stripping. Neither of the plate systems used in this study demonstrated a distinct mechanical advantage. The application and limitations of locking plate systems in various clinical situations require further study.

Holding Power of 3.5 mm Versus 4.0 mm Screw Applications Placed in Stripped 2.7 mm Screw Sites

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Kerwin ◽  
S. A. Sedrish ◽  
G. Hosgood ◽  
J. L. Oliver ◽  
K. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Cancellous Screw ◽  
Dynamic Compression Plate ◽  
Holding Power ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Cortical Screw ◽  
Compression Plate

SummaryMechanical stripping of orthopaedic screws is a complication that can occur during plate fixation of fractures. This report compares the holding power of 3.5 mm cortical and 4.0 mm cancellous orthopaedic screws inserted as a salvage technique in stripped 2.7 mm screw sites in cadaver bone. Both 3.5 mm and 4.0 mm orthopaedic screws were applied with and without tapping to stripped screw sites in the diaphysis of mature canine tibiae. Mechanical testing of the pull-out force required to extract these screws showed that all of the applications have comparative holding powers, but the 4.0 mm screw had significantly greater holding power when compared with the 3.5 mm screw. Tapping the stripped screw site, prior to placing the 3.5 mm or 4.0 mm screw, did not significantly affect the holding power. The 4.0 mm cancellous screw has the advantages of significantly greater holding power and less interference with the 2.7 mm dynamic compression plate, when compared to the 3.5 mm cortical screw.The holding power of 3.5 mm cortical and 4.0 mm cancellous orthopaedic screws placed tapped and untapped into 2.7 mm stripped screw sites in post-mortem canine tibiae were compared. All applications had comparable holding power, but with the 4.0 mm screw the holding power was significantly greater. Tapping stripped screw sites did not have any significant effect on holding power.

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