Security of Supply: Spanish Policies in the EU Context

2008 ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Javier de Quinto ◽  
Julián López
Keyword(s):  
Security Of Supply ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals Hiszpańskie i niemieckie osiągnięcia w rozwoju energetyki odnawialnej: aspekt prawny

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 415-430
Author(s):  
Leszek Karski
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
National Level ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Security Of Supply ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
European Union Enlargement ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
The Eu

Certainly, the renewable energy sector in Poland should be the beneficiary of the European Union enlargement. It results from both the energy policy and EU law. Poland should adopt national law to the EU requirements in the field of renewable energy sources. Polish legislators may rest on other countries' experiences in this subject. We especially should take into consideration Spanish and German measures. Spanish and German mechanisms of support for renewable energy sources at the national level are very interesting solutions. Those measures are intended to help to attain objectives such as meeting the commitments given on climate change, environmentally sustainable security of supply, and promotion of renewable energy sources. The article is an analysis of Spanish and German support systems in view of the modification of Polish law in the field of renewable energy sources.

La integración energética en Suramérica: ¿realidad o utopía? La construcción europea como referencia

2012 ◽  
pp. 65-100
Author(s):  
Henry JIMÉNEZ GUANIPA
Keyword(s):  
Energy Market ◽  
South American ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Security Of Supply ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
The Eu

LABURPENA: Europar Batasunak hainbat neurri hartu ditu, erkidego sui generis gisa izan duen bilakabidean, energiaren merkatu bakarra eraikitzeko, eta, horrenbestez, estatu kideen hornidura, lehiakortasuna eta iraunkortasuna bermatzeko. Azterlan honek, bada, Europar Batasunak hartu dituen neurriak aztertzen ditu, bai eta neurri horiek zein testuingurutan hartuak diren ere. Orobat, Hego Amerikan integrazio energetikoa bultzatzeko hartutako neurriak sistematizatzen ditu, atzera begirako ikuspegiaz eta Europako esperientzian oinarrituta. Helburua da oinarrizko ezaugarri batzuk identifikatzea, eta, era berean, aztergai diren integrazio-proiektuetan landutako ekintza nagusien berri ematea, integrazioaren aurrerabide eta garapen eskasean eragin duten faktoreetako batzuk nabarmenduz. RESUMEN: En el presente trabajo se analizan el contexto y las medidas que la Unión Europea, ha adoptado a lo largo de su evolución como comunidad sui generis para construir un mercado único de la energía que garantice a los Estados miembros el abastecimiento seguro, la competitividad y la sostenibilidad. Bajo un enfoque retrospectivo y teniendo como trasfondo la experiencia europea, se ofrece una sistematización de las diversas iniciativas de integración energética impulsadas en Suramérica. El propósito es identificar los rasgos básicos y las acciones principales adoptadas en el marco de los proyectos de integración en estudio, perfilando alguno de los factores que han incidido en su poco avance y desarrollo. ABSTRACT: This paper examines the context and the measures the EU has adopted throughout its evolution as a sui generis community to build a single energy market to ensure Member States’ security of supply, competitiveness and sustainability. Under a retrospective approach and focusing the European experience, the article provides a systematization of various initiatives driven in the field of South American energy integration. The purpose of this paper is to identify the basic features and the main actions taken in the context of integration projects. It underlines some of the factors that have influenced the lack of progress and development of the integration initiatives.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and European security of supply: Growing in importance

European View ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
Henri Vanhanen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
European Security ◽  
Security Of Supply ◽  
Comprehensive Strategy ◽  
Medical Resources ◽  
Member States ◽  
Adequate Supply ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

The COVID-19 pandemic struck the world hard in early 2020, and we are still coping with the ramifications of the ongoing crisis. The most acute concerns deal with the gloomy economic impact of the pandemic. However, the crisis has also revealed severe shortcomings in the EU’s approach to the security of supply. Many member states initially found themselves dealing with the crisis alone or lacking essential medical resources. Since the early stages, it has become evident that while security of supply has so far been a matter of national decisions, the EU needs a comprehensive strategy to improve its crisis resilience. Finland has a long tradition of making a coordinated effort to ensure an adequate supply of items needed for emergencies. Thus, the Finnish model could provide the basis for a more inclusive and integrated EU-level security of supply.

scholarly journals Cross-Border Energy Exchange and Renewable Premiums: The Case of the Iberian System

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Roldan-Fernandez ◽  
Catalina Gómez-Quiles ◽  
Adrien Merre ◽  
Manuel Burgos-Payán ◽  
Jesús Riquelme-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Security Of Supply ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Support Policy ◽  
Electricity Systems ◽  
The Eu

In 2002, the European Union set a target of 10% electricity interconnection capacity for 2020: a target that has been further extended to 15% by 2030. Cross-border interconnection of regional/national electricity systems will allow the EU to enhance its security of supply and to integrate more renewables into energy markets. Although the EU has a common renewable directive, every Member State has its own renewable support policy. For the case of Spain, consumers pay the renewable premium in their electricity bills; however, consumers would not be overburdened if premiums were counter-balanced with the energy-cost reduction due to the merit-order effect of renewables. When two markets are interconnected, the energy exchange through the interconnection yields certain expected rent transfers due to the market rules. However, this exchange is also accompanied by other unforeseen rent transfers related to the regional/national policies on renewables. To the authors’ knowledge, the identification and quantification of these indirect rent transfers has not been previously addressed. This paper analyses and quantifies how the premiums on regional/national renewables are distributed between neighbouring countries through cross-border exchanges. The analysis focuses on the Iberian/Spanish system and its neighbours, although the methodology could be extended to other systems. To this end, data on the market and premiums has been considered, as well as the exchanges between France, Spain, Portugal, and Morocco, for the years 2015–2017. The main finding of this work is that the Spanish system, due to the lack of a coordinated/harmonized renewable premium policy, has been “importing” about 40 M€/year of renewable premium from France and 17 M€/year from Portugal while “exporting” about 66 M€/year towards the Moroccan systems.

scholarly journals Externalising Europe’s energy policy in EU Free Trade Agreements: A cognitive dissonance between promoting sustainable development and ensuring security of supply?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Alexandra Marhold
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Security Of Supply ◽  
The Eu

It is no secret that while the European Union (EU) has taken up commitments to combat climate change under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Paris Agreement and its own 2020 and 2030 climate and energy package strategy, the Union continues to be heavily dependent on the import of fossil fuels from abroad. One may even say that this leads to a cognitive dissonance, i.e. the discomfort which ensues if one holds two contradictory values, with respect to the externalisation of the Union’s energy and sustainable development policy. On the one hand, the EU aims to become a global frontrunner in the field of promoting renewable energy and sustainable development. This expresses itself through the inclusion of specific chapters on Trade and Sustainable Development in the EU’s Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) (standard since the 2011 EU-South Korea FTA). On the other, the EU realises that it is imperative to secure the Union’s security of energy supply, still largely guaranteed by fossil fuels. Therefore, the Union in parallel attempts to eliminate discriminatory practices in international fossil fuel trade in its bilateral agreements (e.g. in the EU-Ukraine Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement). This paper will explore the root causes of this cognitive dissonance and research what elements could contribute to ensuring more coherence in EU external energy policy. The objectives of sustainable development and security of supply are not necessarily contradictory per se. However, clearer delineations between the two objectives are necessary in EU external relations in general, and in the Union’s FTAs more specifically. This also applies to relations between Member States and the Union in this area, as well as to the interactions between the relevant EU institutions tasked with energy, sustainable development and the environment.

From state to market and back: the role of the public sector in the energy markets—the European experience

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 680
Author(s):  
Kim Talus
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Security Of Supply ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Eu

During the last few decades, the contemporary ideology behind energy market regulation in most western nations has been that the introduction of competition will contribute to security of supply. Energy will respond to the economic rules of the markets, going where the prices are highest—its use, substitution and investments responding to prices. The presentation will focus on this idea and discuss the question of whether international competition and free markets can deliver security of supply or whether public intervention and control is necessary. The study builds on the experience of the European Union (EU). The central argument is that there are two significant caveats to this ideology. First, there are real world distortions that work against the price responsiveness of the energy investments. In the EU, these distortions have been underestimated. Second, although investments may respond to demand in the long run, they do not seem to do so in the short run. The failure of the market-based system in the EU will be illustrated through two case studies: the Nabucco pipeline project where the European Commission has assumed the role of a state in its support of the project; and, the third legislative package for electricity and gas entering into force in 2011, which marks a clear departure from the previous regulatory regimes—these emphasised the market-based approach. The incoming regime increases the role of the state in, for example, granting the public authorities a decisive role in certain situations in accepting investment plans from transmission system operators and monitoring that they are followed in practice.

scholarly journals Introduction to EU Defence Directive

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Seongwan Park
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Single Market ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Security Of Supply ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
The Eu

This study aims at brief introduction of EU Defence Directive which was declared in 2009. To this end, it is necessary to understand both security circumstances of Europe and the progress of the single market firstly. In this context, the present research shows developing process of military and security coalition of European countries in chronicle order with the background of political and economic integration. Secondly, given that this Directive plays a role under the framework of TFEU and the EU single market, the study explores areas ruled by this Directive and ones that ruled outside the Directive by EDA, OCCAR, LoI separately. Thirdly, this article reviews legal structure of the Directive and its main features such as flexibility, security of supply and security of information.

scholarly journals Energy Security as a Priority for CEE countries. Is the King Naked?

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 95-119
Author(s):  
Ilona Szwedziak-Bork
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Security Of Supply ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Energy Independence ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this article is to assess the implementation process of the EU energy security policy in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. In the EU, energy security remains a crucial issue for European Energy Strategy, the fundamental goals of which include the security of supply, sustainability and competitiveness. Security of supply should be considered the most important aspect in this context, because it is connected to deep interdependencies between markets and economies, often based on political or even geo-political considerations. This is currently particularly noticeable, among other things, in the relations between the EU and Russia, where – in the event of any potential energy supply disturbances – some CEE countries are considered to be the most exposed. By analysing matters referred to the security of energy supplies, the article aims to determine the scope of activities undertaken by selected CEE countries which are also EU Member States in order to achieve this goal. The paper stresses the significance of cooperation by CEE countries at regional level, and focuses on initiatives and projects meant to ensure the security of their energy supplies. The conclusions of the paper assess some of the success stories as well as failures experienced by CEE countries in the process of building their energy independence.

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