Patterns of growth and nutrient accumulation in expanding leaves of Eucalyptus regnans (Myrtaceae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline R. England ◽  
Peter M. Attiwill
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Ontogeny ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Eucalyptus Regnans ◽  
Leaf Emergence

Patterns of leaf growth and nutrient accumulation were investigated in relation to leaf ontogeny in the tree species Eucalyptus regnans F.Muell. Newly emergent leaves were tagged in the field and collected every 14 days for measurement of leaf dimensions and nutrient concentrations over a 113-day period. Patterns of growth in area, length, width and mass of leaves followed sigmoid curves. An exponential rate of growth for all measures was observed up to 56 days after leaf emergence, after which there was little increase. Conversely, specific leaf area (leaf area/leaf mass) decreased from emergence to about Day 56 and then remained relatively constant. Contents of all nutrients (measured on a leaf basis) increased during leaf expansion. Concentrations of N, P and K decreased and Ca concentration increased, but there was no clear trend for Mg concentration with leaf development. In general, the results of the present study verify previously developed ‘idealised curves’ of changes in dry mass and nutrient concentrations with leaf age for eucalypts. Patterns of leaf growth and nutrient accumulation (particularly N) show that leaves had reached full expansion and physiological maturity by ~80–90 days after emergence.

Leaf growth and K+/Na+ ratio as an indication of the salt tolerance of three sorghum cultivars grown under salinity stress and IAA treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Azooz ◽  
M. A. Shaddad ◽  
A. A. Abdel-Latef
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Relative Water

The salt tolerance of three sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivars (Dorado, Hagen Shandawil and Giza 113) and their responses to shoot spraying with 25 ppm IAA were studied. Salinity stress induced substantial differences between the three sorghum cultivars in the leaf area, dry mass, relative water content and tolerance index of the leaves. Dorado and Hagen Shandawil tolerated salinity up to 88 and 44 mM NaCl, respectively, but above this level, and at all salinity levels in Giza 113, a significant reduction in these parameters was recorded. The rate of reduction was lower in Dorado than in Hagen Shandawil and Giza 113, allowing the sequence Dorado ? Hagen Shandawil ? Giza 113 to be established for the tolerance of these cultivars to salinity. The differences in the tolerance of the sorghum cultivars were associated with large differences in K+ rather than in Na+, which was found to be similar in the whole plant. The youngest leaf was able to maintain a higher K+ content than the oldest leaf. Consequently the K+/Na+ ratios were higher in the most salt-tolerant cultivar Dorado than in the other sorghum cultivars, and in the youngest than in the oldest leaf. In conformity with this mechanism, the stimulatory effect of the exogenous application of IAA was mostly associated with a higher K+/Na+ ratio. Shoot spraying with IAA partially alleviated the inhibitory effect of salinity on leaf growth and on the K+ and Ca2+ contents, especially at low and moderate levels of salinity, while it markedly retarded the accumulation of Na+ in the different organs of sorghum cultivars. Abbreviations: LA: Leaf area, DM: Dry mass, I Indole acetic acid, RWC: Relative water content,TI: Tolerance index

Recovery From Water Stress in Five Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Cultivars. II. The Development of Leaf Area

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Rawson ◽  
NC Turner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
The Difference

Five cultivars of sunflower with different durations to anthesis were grown in the field either entirely on stored soil moisture (DRY), irrigated frequently throughout growth (WET), or transferred from the DRY to the WET regime at 44 days (REC 1) or at 54 days from sowing (REC 2). The expansion patterns of all leaves were followed with a view to determining which leaves responded when stress was relieved. Cultivars differed in their ability to recommence leaf expansion after water was applied to DRY crops, but any differences were related to the stage of plant development reached when water was applied. Thus in the REC 1 treatment, no leaves of early cultivars equalled the areas achieved in equivalent leaves in the WET regime, whereas the latest cultivar generated individual leaves which were 60% larger than equivalent leaves in the WET treatment. In the REC 2 treatment, few leaves of the early cultivars reached significantly larger areas than equivalent leaves in the DRY while all leaves above node 12 in the latest cultivar exceeded those in the DRY regime. Examining the data in terms of the age of leaves in the profile when the REC 1 and REC 2 treatments were applied showed that, regardless of cultivar, all leaves which were less than 15 days old (age 0 = leaf emergence) had some capacity for renewed expansion when water was applied. However, primordia which still had 15 days to go before they emerged as leaves had the greatest capacity for expansion to a potential size, and this capacity decreased progressively over their next 30 days of aging. Leaf age profiles did not explain all the difference in renewed expansion potential among cultivars: a leaf position factor at the time of water application was almost as important. Thus, the closer that leaves were to the head, the less was their capacity for renewed expansion regardless of their age. In order to achieve larger areas when water was applied, old leaves increased their duration of expansion while young leaves increased their rate of expansion. It is concluded that cultivars do not differ in their ability to 'recover' leaf area upon application of water except by virtue of their different durations to anthesis.

scholarly journals Growth and nutrient uptake by potted foliage anthurium

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Kenji Taniguchi ◽  
Ana Cecilia Castro ◽  
Adriana Guirado Artur ◽  
Thaís Da Silva Martins ◽  
Esraelda Amaral Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Fertilization Program ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Nutrient Demand ◽  
Plant Sampling

Nutrient uptake study is important to understand the plant nutritional requirements during its growth and to identify periods of increased nutrient demand and, thus to establish fertilization program. The objective was to determine the growth and the nutrient uptake by potted foliage anthurium. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and the experimental design was completely randomized with ten times of plant sampling (0; 30; 60; 90; 120; 150; 180; 240; 300; and 360 days after transplanting) and five replicates. Anthurium maricense Nadruz & Mayo seeds were germinated in polyethylene trays filled with commercial substrate and the seedlings were transplanted into plastic pots (1.16 L capacity) when reached four leaves. Plant height, leaf number and foliar area were determined every sampling. Blades with petioles, stem, inflorescence and roots were collected and dry mass and nutrients accumulation were determined. Foliage anthurium plants showed initial development but from the 180 days of planting, which corresponds with the beginning of the inflorescence emission, there was a marked increase in height, leaf area, and dry mass and nutrient accumulation. Nutrient accumulation after 360 DAT followed the decreasing order: K > Ca > N > Mg > P > S > Mn> Fe > Zn > B > Cu.

scholarly journals Effects of boron and vermicompost on growth, yield and nutrient content of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
KS Nawrin ◽  
MJ Uddin ◽  
AHMZ Ali ◽  
MK Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Total P

The effects of boron (B) and vermicompost (VC) on growth and yield of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) and nutrient accumulation in its fruits was examined. The highest plant height (22 cm), leaf number per plant (73), leaf area (502.53 cm2/plant), dry weight (22.27g/plant), fruit length (8.97cm), fruit number per plant (6), fruit yield (11.76 g/plant) were recorded in B0.5 kg/ha + VC5 ton/ha at harvest. The results of growth and yield of Chilli varied significantly (p<0.05) and increased with time. The total nutrient concentrations in the fruits were measured and varied significantly (p<0.05). The highest concentration of total P (0.028 %), K (2.50%), S (0.20 %), Cu (8.0 mg/kg), Fe (410 mg/kg) and Mn (0.80 mg/kg) in the fruit were observed in B0.5 kg/ha +VC5 ton/ha treatment and total N (0.41 %) and Zn (3.50 mg/kg) were found in B1.5 kg/ha + VC5 ton/ha treatment. The overall best growth, yield and nutrient accumulation in the fruits of Chilli was achieved in B0.5 kg/ha + VC5 t/ha treatment. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2020, 6(1): 31-36

scholarly journals Leaf Growth and Canopy Development of Three Sugarcane Genotypes under High Temperature Rainfed Conditions in Northeastern Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Castro-Nava ◽  
Alfredo J. Huerta ◽  
José Manuel Plácido-de la Cruz ◽  
Epifanio Mireles-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The aim of this study was to compare sugarcane (Saccharumspp.) canopy developmental components of three commercial varieties (CP 72-2086, Mex 79-431, and Mex 68-P-23) in a subtropical environment under rainfed and high temperature conditions, a poorly described topic in the literature. A field experiment was carried out in southern Tamaulipas, Mexico, throughout November 2011–January 2013 crop cycle, during which 111 of the days had daily maximum temperatures at or above 35°C. Number of leaves, leaf area, leaf appearance rate, and leaf area index (LAI) were determined. Thermal time exposure, °Cd (°C day−1), was determined based on total number of green ligulate leaves using 10°C as the base temperature. At 5000°Cd the number of leaves per plant ranged from 32 to 40 and the dependence of leaf emergence rate as a function of temperature was confirmed. The leaf emergence rate of CP 72-2086 was significantly greater than that of the other two varieties. Cultivars did not differ with respect to leaf length but differed for all other parameters measured. These results show the potential importance of considering sugarcane varietal differences in leaf phenology and canopy development for breeding programs focusing on rainfed and high temperature conditions.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizas increase survival, precocity and flowering of herbaceous and shrubby species of early stages of tropical succession in pot cultivation

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 599-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Berbel Lirio Rondina ◽  
Luis Eduardo Azevedo Marques Lescano ◽  
Ricardo de Almeida Alves ◽  
Enio Massao Matsuura ◽  
Marco Antonio Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Shrubby Species

Abstract:Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an important biotic factor that influences tropical ecological succession and differently affect the woody species belonging to different successional stages. However, little is known about the influence of AMF on growth and reproduction of herbaceous and shrubby species of early phases of tropical succession. Thus, we assessed the effect of AMF on the development of 27 heliophilous herbaceous and shrubby tropical species. Plants were grown in greenhouse, in low- and high-fertility soils, with or without AMF, for 100 d. Most species grown with AMF exhibited high root infection intensity (≈80%), irrespective of soil fertility. In the low-fertility soil, non-mycorrhizal plants exhibited about 88% less shoot dry mass (SDM) than mycorrhizal plants, and AMF were crucial for the survival of most species. Non-mycorrhizal plants also had lower relative growth rate (RGR), total leaf area (TLA), leaf area expansion (LAE) and total root length (TRL). Six species flowered in the low-fertility soil, and flowering increased with AMF in one plant species and four species only flowered when mycorrhizal. In the high-fertility soil, non-mycorrhizal plants exhibited about 13% less SDM than mycorrhizal plants and also exhibited lower TLA, LAE, and nutrient concentrations in shoots. On the other hand, no major changes were observed for RGR, TRL and root dry mass for most of the species. Sixteen plant species flowered in the high-fertility soil, but most had earlier (11) and more abundant (10) flowering when mycorrhizal. Thus, AMF have different influences on the survival, growth and flowering of herbaceous and shrubby tropical species, depending on soil fertility: in low-fertility soil, AMF especially affect the survival, growth and flowering, whereas in high-fertility soil, AMF mainly influence the shoot nutrient concentrations and flowering.

scholarly journals Effects of leaf and plant age on specific leaf area in deciduous tree species Quercus cerris L. var. Cerris

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neslihan Karavin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Quercus Cerris

In Quercus cerris L. var. cerris, four diameters at breast height (BDH) groups were selected as a surrogate for approximate plant age groups to study the effects of plant and leaf age on leaf dry mass, leaf area and specific leaf area. The forms of fluctuations in specific leaf area (SLA) of all DBH groups were similar during the growth period. The minimum SLA was calculated at the leaves’ mature phase. Leaf area did not differ significantly according to leaf age. Significant differences caused by leaf age were determined in mean leaf dry mass and SLA. No significant differences in mean SLA caused by plant age were found. Leaf area and leaf dry mass significantly varied among DBH groups. Leaf area was positively correlated with leaf dry mass, and SLA was negatively correlated with leaf dry mass, while there was no significant relationship with leaf area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i2.18034 Bangladesh J. Bot. 42(2): 301-306, 2013 (December)

scholarly journals Effects of copper and vermicompost on growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Walp and nutrient accumulation in its fruits

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
AT Sharif ◽  
AHMZ Ali ◽  
MK Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Total P

The effects of copper (Cu) and vermicompost (VC) on growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Walp and nutrient accumulation in its fruits was examined. Eight treatments of Cu and VC were used. The highest plant height (226.67 cm), leaf number per plant (86.33), leaf area (174.12 cm2/plant), dry weight (13.98 g/plant), fruit length (52.4 cm), fruit number per plant (6), and fruit yield (5.65 g/plant) were recorded in Cu0.5 kg/ha + VC5 ton/ha treatment at harvest. The results of growth and yield of cowpea varied significantly (p≤ 0.05) and increased with time. The total nutrient concentrations in the fruits were measured and varied significantly (p≤ 0.05). The highest concentration of total P (0.79%), K (4.14%), S (0.42%), Cu (27 mg/kg), Fe (640 mg/kg) and Mn (59 mg/kg) in the fruits were observed in Cu0.5 kg/ha + VC5 ton/ha treatment and total N (4.29%) and Zn (88 mg/kg) were found in Cu1.5 kg/ha + VC5 ton/ha treatment. The overall best growth, yield and nutrient accumulation in the fruits of cowpea were achieved in Cu0.5 kg/ha + VC5 treatment. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2019, 5(2): 13-18

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Grape Anthracnose: Factors Associated with Defoliation of Grape Leaves Infected by Elsinoë ampelina

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odile Carisse ◽  
Vincent Morissette-Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Failure Modeling ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Elsinoe Ampelina

Anthracnose is a serious disease that affects several grape cultivars. Infected leaves drop prematurely, and severe epidemics result in poor or no yield. Because the factors associated with grape defoliation in vineyards with a history of anthracnose were not well known, this study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between weather-, disease-, and host-related factors and survival of leaves. From 2006 to 2008, weather, anthracnose severity, and leaf emergence were monitored in an unsprayed experimental vineyard naturally infested with Elsinoë ampelina. Each year, two to three times weekly, the number of leaves and the proportion of leaf area diseased (PLAD) were monitored on 10 vines and 2 shoots per vine, for a total of 785 leaves. Survival analysis was used to investigate the factors influencing defoliation and to model time-to-death of grape leaves. Estimated median survival time was 117 to 121 days. Based on Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival probabilities, season type, PLAD per leaf and PLAD per shoot at first assessment, duration and amount of rain at first infection, severity of infection and leaf age at first infection and at first severe infection significantly influenced leaf survival. Based on accelerated time failure modeling, using the Weibull distribution, the most significant variables were PLAD per leaf and PLAD per shoot at first assessment, leaf age at first infection, and duration of rain. Each additional percent increase in PLAD per leaf, in PLAD per shoot, or in rainy days accelerated the time-to-death of grape leaves by 2.84, 1.02, and 0.66%, respectively, whereas for each additional day of leaf age at time of first infection, there was a 2.88% deceleration of the time to death. Results suggested that to avoid premature leaf drop, disease severity should be maintained below 25% leaf area diseased, which can be achieved by sanitation measures designed to reduce inoculum levels and by applying fungicide early in the season to prevent infection of young leaves.

scholarly journals Biomass growth and development in air-cured burley and flue-cured virginia tobacco varieties

2020 ◽  
pp. 1310-1318
Author(s):  
Luis Felipe Boaretto ◽  
Fabricio Silva Coelho ◽  
João Leonardo Corte Baptistella ◽  
Paulo Mazzafera
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Specific Leaf Mass ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Net Assimilation

Research on the accumulation and partitioning of biomass in the tobacco cycle is scarce, particularly those comparing different varieties. The objective of this work was to study the partition of biomass in air-cured burley - ACB (BAT2101) and flue-cured virginia - FCV (CSC4704) varieties. In a greenhouse experiment, the two varieties were transplanted into pots containing a mixture of fine sand and substrate (1:1). Samples were taken for a period of 98 days, with 7 day intervals. In each harvest, dry mass and leaf area were measured, and specific leaf mass, leaf area ratio, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, and root to shoot ratios were estimated. The data showed that carbon partitioning in plants of both varieties is influenced by root growth, which was 50% higher in ACB by the end of the experiment. The higher accumulation of mass in the roots of this variety may be related to the fact that it requires more nitrogen than virginia and, therefore, it could be a mechanism for increased uptake of this element. ACB also had higher specific leaf mass than FCV, which may be related to the body of ACB. This information is important for choosing varieties adapted for field conditions, as well as for the genetic improvement of tobacco. Furthermore, from the point of view of crop management, this knowledge may provide useful information for maximizing leaf growth.

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