Nickel accumulation by Alyssum serpyllifolium subsp. lusitanicum (Brassicaceae) from serpentine soils of Bragança and Morais (Portugal) ultramafic massifs: plant–soil relationships and prospects for phytomining

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Morais ◽  
J. S. Campos ◽  
P. J. C. Favas ◽  
J. Pratas ◽  
F. Pita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Serpentine Soils ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Nickel Accumulation ◽  
Alyssum Serpyllifolium

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibility of using Alyssum serpyllifolium Desf. susbp. lusitanicum T.R.Dudley & P.Silva (Brassicaceae) for phytomining nickel (Ni)-rich bio-ore from serpentine soils. This species is endemic to serpentine soils of the Bragança and Morais massifs and is a Ni hyperaccumulator, containing more than 7000 mg kg–1 (dry weight) of this element. The variability of the Ni concentrations contained in the plant at different locations was verified as was its relationship with the total Ni contained in the soil or with the bioavailable Ni fraction extracted with ammonium acetate. We evaluated the biomass produced under natural conditions, and, on the basis of these values, we estimated the amount of Ni that can be removed per unit area. The results showed that considering only the aerial parts of the plant, the biomass varies between 7.04 and 9.37 t ha–1, containing a range of 0.12–0.70% Ni, allowing a withdrawal of between 12.2 and 44.0 kg Ni ha–1 per crop under natural conditions.

scholarly journals Morais Ultramafic Complex: A Survey towards Nickel Phytomining

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana R. A. Alves ◽  
Eduardo F. Silva ◽  
Luís A. B. Novo
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Ultramafic Complex ◽  
Nickel Accumulation ◽  
Alyssum Serpyllifolium ◽  
Local Farmers

Ultramafic areas are critical for nickel (Ni) phytomining due to the high concentration of this element in their soils and the number of hyperaccumulators they harbor. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of the Morais massif, an ultramafic area in Portugal, for phytomining using the hyperaccumulator species Alyssum serpyllifolium subsp. lusitanicum. Soil samples and A. serpyllifolium specimens were collected in four locations of the Morais massif. After determination of Ni concentrations in the samples, the results show that soil pseudo-total Ni concentrations in sites number 1 and 2 are significantly higher than in the soil samples collected in the other two locations, with 1918 and 2092 mg kg−1, respectively. Nickel accumulation is significantly greater in the aerial parts of plants collected at sites 1, 2, and 4, presenting Ni harvestable amount means of 88.36, 93.80, and 95.56 mg per plant, respectively. These results suggest that the sites with highest potential for phytomining are sites 1, 2, and 4. A nickel agromining system in these locations could represent an additional source of income to local farmers, since ultramafic soils have low productivity for agriculture and crop production.

Electron Microscopy of the Nucleic Acid of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
N. H. Sarkar ◽  
Dan H. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Tumor ◽  
Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mouse Tumor ◽  
Mammary Tumor Virus ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Mouse Mammary Tumor ◽  
Tumor Virus ◽  
The Subject

Mouse mammary tumor virus (MTV) is believed to contain about 0.8% single stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA). This value of RNA content was estimated on a dry weight basis. The subject of this report is an attempt to visualize the RNA molecules of MTV particles.MTV particles were isolated from RIII mouse (tumor incidence approximately 80%) milk according to the method described by Lyons and Moore. Purified virions from 5 ml of milk were finally suspended in 0.2 ml of PBS, pH 7.4 and was mixed with an equal volume of pronase (5 mg/ml). This mixture was incubated at 37°C for an hour. RNA was extracted three times using freshly prepared cold phenol. It was then treated three times with cold ethyl ether to remove any trace of phenol. The RNA thus extracted was divided into two parts. One part was diluted four fold with 8M urea to avoid aggregation of the molecules. The other part was left untreated. Both samples were then mixed with an equal volume of 1M ammonium acetate, adjusted to pH 8.0 with NH3 containing chymotrypsin at a concentration of 0.01%.

scholarly journals Functional ecology of the biological soil crust in semiarid SE Spain: sun and shade populations of Diploschistes diacapsis (Ach.) Lumbsch.

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana PINTADO ◽  
Leopoldo G. SANCHO ◽  
T. G. Allan GREEN ◽  
José Manuel BLANQUER ◽  
Roberto LÁZARO
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Biological Soil Crust ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Soil Crust ◽  
Active Time ◽  
Exposed Population

The Tabernas badlands in semiarid south-east Spain is one of the driest regions in Europe with a mean annual precipitation of c. 240 mm. The landscape is deeply dissected, with canyons, ramblas and sparsely vegetated eroded badland slopes. The vegetation is predominantly a biological soil crust consisting of different types of lichen-rich communities, one of the more conspicuous being dominated by Diploschistes diacapsis (Ach.) Lumbsch. This lichen is mainly restricted to the north- facing slopes, where it forms extensive whitish carpets and probably plays an important role in preventing erosion of the slopes and allowing plant colonization. South-facing slopes are much more eroded and generally lack vegetation. %The photosynthetic performance of north (shade) and south-facing (sun) populations of D. diacapsis was studied to determine if these different populations showed any adaptations to the microclimatic conditions of their individual habitats. The response of CO2 exchange to light intensity, temperature and water content was measured under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Dry weight-based net photosynthetic rates were higher in the southern-exposed population but quantum efficiency, and light compensation points were similar. Thallus weight per unit area (LMA) was considerably higher for shade specimens but maximum water content and optimal water content were very similar and chlorophyll content on a dry weight basis was also similar. Chlorophyll content on an area basis was higher in the northern-exposed population and always much larger than those reported in other studies on the same species (up to 8 times larger) with the result that NP values on a chlorophyll basis were relatively low. The larger LMA meant that shade thalli stored more water per unit area which should ensure longer active periods than sun thalli. The results support a strategy pair of high NP and short active time versus low NP and long active time, both having been reported for other soil crust species. However, the visibly larger biomass of the shade D. diacapsis suggests that the lichen is at the limit of its adaptability in these habitats.

Effects of processing on peat moss microflora

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvon Cormier ◽  
Anne Mériaux ◽  
Gilles Brochu
Keyword(s):  
Peat Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Sphagnum Peat Moss ◽  
Large Numbers

We studied the microflora of Quebec sphagnum peat moss samples taken from five different locations in a peat moss processing plant: soil, drying stacks, sedimented dust (walls and floor), and in bagged peat moss. Large numbers of microorganisms were found; the predominant ones were of the genus Monocillium (up to 112 × 106 colonies/g of dry peat) and the genus Penicillium (320 × 104 colonies/g dry weight). These moulds were more abundant in the processed peat moss than in the peat soil (e.g., Monocillium: soil, 138 × 103; processed peat, 112 × 106). Aspergillus spp. were absent in all five sample sites. We conclude that Quebec peat moss contains large quantities of microorganisms and that moulds become more concentrated during the processing of the peat from the soil to the final product.

Effects of crop rotations on microbial community in rhizosphere soil of cucumber seedlings and its feedback

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-250
Author(s):  
X.J. He ◽  
W.W. Zhu ◽  
F.Z. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Absolute Abundance ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soil Feedback

We studied the effects of 7-crop rotations and continuous - monocropping systems on soil microorganism and its feedback. The results showed that absolute abundance of soil bacteria (Pseudomonas and Bacillus) in tomato - celery - cucumber - cabbage and cucumber - tomato - cucumber - cabbage rotation were significantly higher than control (CK). Absolute abundance of soil fungi in tomato - celery - cucumber - cabbage, kidney bean - celery - cucumber - cabbage, cucumber - kidney bean - cucumber - cabbage and cucumber - tomato - cucumber - cabbage rotation were significantly higher than CK. Dry weight of cucumber seedlings was significantly positively correlated with bacterial (Pseudomonas and Bacillus) abundance, and negatively correlated with fungal count. The results of inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum showed that plant dry weight of cucumber seedlings in tomato - celery - cucumber - cabbage, cucumber - kidney bean - cucumber - cabbage, cucumber - tomato - cucumber - cabbage rotation soil was significantly higher than other treatments, and their disease index was significantly lower than other treatments. There was no significant difference in dry weight of cucumber seedlings in rotation and CK in the soil sterilization test. The results of plant - soil feedback experiment showed that soil microbial changes caused by different rotation patterns had a positive feedback effect on growth of cucumber seedlings.

scholarly journals The distribution of phospholipase D in developing and mature plants

1969 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 787-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Quarles ◽  
R. M. C. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase D ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Carrot Root ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Central Stalk ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Germination And Growth

1. The distribution of phospholipase D (phosphatidylcholine phosphatido-hydrolase, EC 3.1.4.4) was examined in the tissues of a number of plants and seeds. 2. The highest activities were found in various swollen storage tissues of certain plants: cabbage, central stalk; cauliflower, flower; celery, swollen leaf stalk; Kohl rabi, swollen stem; carrot, root; pea and marrow, seed. 3. Appreciable activity was retained in pea seeds for at least 1 year after drying. After germination and growth in the dark the total activity present in the cotyledons and also in the whole seedling decreased. 4. In the growing pea seedling (7 days old), about 3% of the total activity was in the plumule, 9% in the root and the remainder in the cotyledons. However, the activity in the root on a dry-weight basis was higher than that in the cotyledons. In both the root and the plumule the activity on a wet- or a dry-weight basis was highest in the growing tip. 5. The activity per dry weight in the roots and aerial parts of pea plants declined to low values as growth continued, but roots struck from cuttings of mature plants showed the same high activity as found in roots from young seedlings with cotyledons attached. 6. The total phospholipids present in the cotyledons of pea seeds were depleted on germination and growth. Of the individual phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine showed the same loss in 11 days as the whole phospholipid fraction, whereas phosphatidylinositol was decreased to a greater extent and cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine were not decreased. There was no increase of phosphatidic acid, as might have been expected if the phospholipids had disappeared through phospholipase D hydrolysis. 7. It is concluded that phospholipase D in plant storage tissues and seeds may be related to the rapid growth involved in their formation rather than being necessary for the utilization of their food reserve substances.

Stackhousia tryonii Bailey: a Nickel-Accumulating Serpentine-Endemic Species of Central Queensland.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
GN Batianoff ◽  
RD Reeves ◽  
RL Specht
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Nickel Accumulation

Stackhousia tryonii Bailey, which appears to be endemic to the serpentinite soils of the Port Curtis district, central Queensland, is a hyper-accumulator of nickel. Concentrations of this element reach 1-20% of the dry weight of the leaves and 0.1-1% in other parts of the plant. This is the first discovery of such behaviour in a plant from eastern Australia. S. tryonii is easily distinguishable from the Queensland occurrences of a related species, S. monogyna Labill., by its smaller inflorescences and muchbranched, tufted, slender stems and distinctive sparsely tuberculate seed coat. S. monogyna shows no abnormal nickel accumulation. Detailed diagnostic comparative descriptions of S. tryonii and S. monogyna are provided, and notes are given on the ecology and distribution of the two species.

scholarly journals Growth Enhancement of Phragmites australis, Eichhornia crassipes and Saccharum officinarum for Rhizoremediation of Crude Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-84
Author(s):  
Monday Ubogu ◽  
Lucky O. Odokuma ◽  
Ejiro Akponah
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Plant Soil

P. australis, E. crassipes (in mangrove swamp) and S. officinarum (in rainforest) are capable of tolerating some levels of crude oil in soil. However, some important growth characteristics such speedy growths, extensive root system and increased biomass desirable for efficient rhizoremediation are depressed. To cushion this suppressive effects, plants were subjected to the following treatments: Plant + Soil (PS) (Control); Plant + Soil + Oil (PSO); Plant + Soil + Oil + Fertilizer (PSOF); Plant +Soil + Oil + Fertilizer + Microorganisms (PSOFM); and Plant + Soil + Fertilizer + Microorganisms + Solarization (PSOFMS). Treatments were monitored for 120 days to determine their effects on the following growth parameters: Germination, germination percentage, height, and root length, dry weight, and leaf area. Results indicated that treatments PSOF, PSOFM and PSOFMS enhanced all growth parameters over contaminated untreated soil (PSO) with the exception of germination in P. australis and S. officinarum; while root length, leaf area in E. crassipes were statistically the same for PS, PSO, PSOFM and PSOFMS (P ˂ 0.05). Overall, growth enhancement efficiencies of the applied treatments were in the order: PSOFM ˃ PSOF ˃ PSOFMS. Thus, growth of these plants can be enhanced in crude oil contaminated soil by the above treatments for efficient rhizoremediation.

scholarly journals Light Use, Water Uptake and Performance of Individual Components of a Sorghum/Groundnut Intercrop

1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Azam-Ali ◽  
R. B. Matthews ◽  
J. H. Williams ◽  
J. M. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Conversion Coefficients ◽  
Proportional Increase ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Intercepted Radiation

SUMMARYThe productivity of each component of a sorghum/groundnut intercrop and its constituent sole crops is determined in terms of a ‘Crop Performance Ratio’ (CPR) defined as the productivity of an intercrop per unit area of ground compared with that expected from sole crops sown in the same proportions. The CPR allows productivity, intercepted radiation and seasonal transpiration to be compared so that conversion coefficients for radiation (e; g MJ−1) and dry matter/water ratios (q; g kg−1) can be calculated for each intercrop component and its constituent sole crops. In this experiment, CPR for total dry weight in the intercrop was 1.08 and that for reproductive yield was 1.27. These advantages in overall productivity and yield were typical of those reported elsewhere for sorghum/groundnut intercrops. The proportional increase in total dry matter in the intercrop was largely a result of its greater interception of radiation. The further advantage in reproductive yield was a consequence of an improved harvest index in the sorghum component of the intercrop (0.64) compared with that of its sole crop counterpart (0.55).

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