Phylogenetic relationships within the flatworm genus Choeradoplana Graff (Platyhelminthes : Tricladida) inferred from molecular data with the description of two new sympatric species from Araucaria moist forests

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Lemos ◽  
G. P. Cauduro ◽  
V. H. Valiati ◽  
A. M. Leal-Zanchet
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Moist Forest ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Forest C

The genus Choeradoplana encompasses 11 species, nine of which have a restricted distribution and are only known from their type localities. Herein we describe two new species of Choeradoplana from Araucaria moist forests, C. minima, sp. nov. Lemos & Leal-Zanchet and C. benyai, sp. nov. Lemos & Leal-Zanchet, based on morphological and molecular data, and use two molecular markers to investigate their phylogenetic relationships with other species in the genus, including its type species. Both morphological and molecular analyses clearly distinguish C. minima, sp. nov., C. benyai, sp. nov. and C. iheringi. The analyses of the ITS-1, COI and sequence divergence data also indicated that C. benyai, sp. nov. is more closely related to the type species of the genus, C. iheringi, than to C. minima, sp. nov. The three species are sympatric in Araucaria moist forest areas of the São Francisco de Paula National Forest; C. minima, sp. nov. and C. benyai, sp. nov. seem to be endemic to their type localities. Regarding external morphology, C. benyai, sp. nov. and C. iheringi could be considered cryptic species, only distinguishable on the basis of the copulatory apparatus. However, immature specimens of C. benyai, sp. nov. and C. iheringi could only be identified based on molecular data. Our results demonstrate that COI should be used with caution for reconstructing phylogenies, and other slower-evolving nuclear genes are a feasible alternative for resolving some of the phylogenetic relationships.

Opening the Trojan horse: phylogeny of Astyanax, two new genera and resurrection of Psalidodon (Teleostei: Characidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo E Terán ◽  
Mauricio F Benitez ◽  
J Marcos Mirande
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
New Genera ◽  
The Family ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Abstract The freshwater fish genus Astyanax is one of the most diverse among the Characidae. The genus is defined by a combination of character states that are widely distributed in Characidae. In addition, the genus has the broadest geographical distribution in the family, being found in a great variety of environments of the Neotropical region. Although phylogenetic relationships were treated only partially, many authors agree that the genus is not monophyletic. In this contribution, we study the phylogenetic relationships of Astyanax in the context of the family Characidae, by combining morphological and molecular data. A total of 520 morphological characters, nine molecular markers and 608 taxa are analysed, of which 98 belong to Astyanax. According to our results, Astyanax is not monophyletic. We recovered species attributed to Astyanax in different subfamilies: Gymnocharacinae (including the type species), Stevardiinae and Tetragonopterinae. Among the species recovered in Gymnocharacinae, most (including the type species, the resurrected Psalidodon, and the new genus Andromakhe gen. nov.) were recovered in Gymnocharacini, while the remaining ones were recovered in Probolodini (transferred to Deuterodon or the new genus Makunaima gen. nov.).

scholarly journals Taxonomic notes on Scutellaria taipeiensis (Lamiaceae) from morphological and molecular data

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Chien-Ti Chao ◽  
Bing-Hong Huang ◽  
Jui-Tse Chang ◽  
Pei-Chun Liao
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The genus Scutellaria comprises eight species distributed from 50 to 2000 m in Taiwan. Amongst them, S. barbata and S. taipeiensis are very similar on the basis of morphological and plastid DNA sequence information. Therefore, a comprehensive study of the taxonomic status of S. taipeiensis is necessary. We reviewed the herbarium sheets, related literature and protologues and compared morphologies of these two species, as well as their phylogenetic relationships. All evidence, including the diagnostic characters between S. taipeiensis and S. barbata, suggest that they belonged to a single species rather than two. As a result, S. taipeiensis is treated as a synonym of S. barbata.

Gelidium guimaraesiae sp. nov. (Gelidiaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Western Atlantic segregated from G. floridanum by morphological and molecular evidence

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 388 (4) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEATRIZ BRUNELLI ◽  
DANIELA MILSTEIN ◽  
SUNG M. BOO ◽  
MUTUE T. FUJII
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Gelidium Floridanum ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
A New Species

The Gelidium species are susceptible to a great phenotypic plasticity. In this genus, studies integrating morphological and molecular data have been increasingly used to define species. To date nine Gelidium species are reported along the Brazilian coast. Gelidium floridanum is the most frequently recorded species in Brazilian but it is also often confused with morphologically similar species, especially in the field or when reproductive structures are absent. In this study we analyzed specimens from Brazil previously identified as G. floridanum based on the morphological and molecular data (cox1 and rbcL DNA sequences). Newly collected specimens from Brazil showed a DNA sequence divergence from G. floridanum in the order of 1.0–1.4% for rbcL and 4.2% for cox1, enough to be considered a new species, here described as Gelidium guimaraesiae sp. nov.

scholarly journals Cretaceous origin and repeated tertiary diversification of the redefined butterflies

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1731) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Heikkilä ◽  
Lauri Kaila ◽  
Marko Mutanen ◽  
Carlos Peña ◽  
Niklas Wahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Bayesian Approaches ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Although the taxonomy of the ca 18 000 species of butterflies and skippers is well known, the family-level relationships are still debated. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the superfamilies Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea and Hedyloidea to date based on morphological and molecular data. We reconstructed their phylogenetic relationships using parsimony and Bayesian approaches. We estimated times and rates of diversification along lineages in order to reconstruct their evolutionary history. Our results suggest that the butterflies, as traditionally understood, are paraphyletic, with Papilionidae being the sister-group to Hesperioidea, Hedyloidea and all other butterflies. Hence, the families in the current three superfamilies should be placed in a single superfamily Papilionoidea. In addition, we find that Hedylidae is sister to Hesperiidae, and this novel relationship is supported by two morphological characters. The families diverged in the Early Cretaceous but diversified after the Cretaceous–Palaeogene event. The diversification of butterflies is characterized by a slow speciation rate in the lineage leading to Baronia brevicornis , a period of stasis by the skippers after divergence and a burst of diversification in the lineages leading to Nymphalidae, Riodinidae and Lycaenidae.

Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Malagasy pseudoxyrhophiine snake genera Geodipsas and Compsophis based on morphological and molecular data

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1517 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK GLAW ◽  
ZOLTÁN T. NAGY ◽  
MIGUEL VENCES
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Based on a specimen found at Montagne d'Ambre in northern Madagascar morphologically agreeing with Compsophis albiventris Mocquard, 1894, we report on the rediscovery of this enigmatic snake genus and species and its molecular phylogenetic relationships. Compsophis albiventris, considered to be the only representative of its genus and unreported since its original description, bears strong morphological similarities to species of Geodipsas Boulenger, 1896. A molecular phylogeny based on DNA sequences of three mitochondrial and nuclear genes (complete cytochrome b, fragments of 16S rRNA and c-mos) in Compsophis albiventris and three Geodipsas species corroborated close relationships between C. albiventris and Geodipsas boulengeri, and showed that the genera Compsophis and Geodipsas together form a monophyletic unit. Despite the general similarities, morphological data and chromatic features support the existence of two species groups, corresponding to Compsophis and Geodipsas. We consequently consider Geodipsas as a subgenus of Compsophis and transfer all species currently in Geodipsas into the genus Compsophis.

A new genus of cynipid inquiline, Lithosaphonecrus Tang, Melika & Bozsó (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini), with description of four new species from Taiwan and China

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miklós Bozsó ◽  
Chang-Ti Tang ◽  
Zsolt Pénzes ◽  
Man-Miao Yang ◽  
Péter Bihari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
Main Lineage ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Western Palaearctic

The cynipid inquilines genus Saphonecrus is known to be a polyphyletic group with distinct lineages. One lineage is associated with Synophrus in the Western Palaearctic on section Cerris oaks. Another involves the type species of Saphonecrus, S. connatus, and represents a distinct and probably early-diverging lineage with a Palaearctic distribution on white oaks. The third main lineage is predominantly Asian, and associated with Quercus subgenus Cyclobalanopsis and Quercus section Cerris and the oak-related Fagaceae including Lithocarpus. This third lineage shows large diversity, and includes the genus Ufo, the European lineage of S. undulatus and S. haimi, and the herein described new genus, Lithosaphonecrus Tang, Melika & Bozsó, known from Taiwan and China, with four new species: L. formosanus Melika & Tang, L. dakengi Tang & Pujade-Villar, L. huisuni Tang, Bozsó & Melika and L. yunnani Tang, Bozsó & Melika. All the four described species are associated only with Lithocarpus. Descriptions, diagnoses, biology, and host associations for the new genus and species are given, as well as a key to species and cynipid inquilines genera. All taxa are supported by morphological and molecular data.

scholarly journals Orientocardiochiles, a new genus of Cardiochilinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), with descriptions of two new species from Malaysia and Vietnam

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 971 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilgoo Kang ◽  
Khuat Dang Long ◽  
Michael J. Sharkey ◽  
James B. Whitfield ◽  
Nathan P. Lord
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Braconid Wasp ◽  
First Time

For the first time in 21 years, a new genus of cardiochiline braconid wasp, Orientocardiochiles Kang & Long, gen. nov. (type species Orientocardiochiles joeburrowi Kang, sp. nov.), is discovered and described. This genus represents the ninth genus in the Oriental region. Two new species (O. joeburrowi Kang, sp. nov. and O. nigrofasciatus Long, sp. nov.) are described and illustrated, and a key to species of the genus, with detailed images, is added. Diagnostic characters of the new genus are analyzed and compared with several other cardiochiline genera to allow the genus to key out properly using an existing generic treatment. The scientific names validated by this paper and morphological data obtained from this project will be utilized and tested in the upcoming genus-level revision of the subfamily based on combined morphological and molecular data.

scholarly journals Taxonomic Studies of Some often Over-Looked Diaporthomycetidae and Sordariomycetidae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Shi-Ke ◽  
Kevin D. Hyde ◽  
Ausana Mapook ◽  
Sajeewa S.N. Maharachchikumbura ◽  
D. Jayarama Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
New Family ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

Abstract Sordariomycetes is an earlier and one of the widely distributed class of Ascomycota. The class was initially classified based on morphology in having inoperculate and unitunicate asci. With the development of DNA based phylogenetic analysis, several undetermined or polyphyletic members of Sordariomycetes were reclassified. However, not all species belonging to this class have been sequenced and analyzed. There are a number of species, especially those old and poorly studied ones which have never been sequenced before and not even recollected again for further taxonomic verification. One of the main objective in this study is to revise and update the taxonomy of several well-known old and poorly studied species whose classification are still obscure. Herein, we re-examined the type materials and/or authentic specimens together to explore 74 relatively poorly-studied genera, which mainly belong to Boliniales, Calosphaeriales, Chaetosphaeriales, Jobellisiales, and Sordariales classified under Diaporthomycetidae and Sordariomycetidae. We provide descriptions, notes, figures and/or drawings and discussed their phylogenetic relationships. As a result, the monotypic Jobellisiales is transferred from Hypocreomycetidae to Diaporthomycetidae. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the polyphyletic Lasiosphaeriaceae is divided into five families, Bombardiaceae (Apodospora, Bombardia, Bombardioidea and Fimetariella), Lasiosphaeriaceae (Anopodium, Bellojisia, Corylomyces, Lasiosphaeria, Mammaria and Zopfiella), Lasiosphaeridaceae (Lasiosphaeris), Strattoniaceae (Strattonia) and Zygospermellaceae (Episternus and Zygospermella). In addition, a new family Neoschizotheciaceae is established based on Neoschizothecium. Analysis of the type species of Boothiella, Stellatospora, Sulcatistroma and Tengiomyces placed them in Sordariaceae, Chaetomiaceae, Hypocreales and Coronophorales, respectively. We classify the genera lacking molecular data based on their morphology and expect them to be recollected; that is, Kacosphaeria in Calosphaeriales; Arnium, Biconiosporella, Camptosphaeria, Diffractella, Emblemospora, Eosphaeria, Periamphispora, Ramophialophora, Synaptospora and Tripterosporella in Sordariales; Conidiotheca in Sordariomycetes; Copromyces, Effetia, Endophragmiella and Tulipispora are accommodated in Ascomycota. Besides, we establish a new genus Neoschizothecium based on phylogenetic analysis. New combinations proposed include: Camaropella amorpha, Cam. microspora, Cam. plana, Cladorrhinum grandiusculum, Cla. leucotrichum, Cla. terricola, Cla. olerum, Helminthosphaeria plumbea, Immersiella hirta, Jugulospora minor, Lasiosphaeris arenicola, Neoschizothecium aloides, Neo. carpinicola, Neo. conicum, Neo. curvisporum, Neo. fimbriatum, Neo. glutinans, Neo. inaequale, Neo. minicaudum, Neo. selenosporum, Neo. tetrasporum, Neurospora autosteira, Podospora brunnescens, P. flexuosa, P. jamaicensis, P. hamata, P. macrospora, P. spinosa, Strattonia petrogale and Triangularia microsclerotigena, T. nannopodalis, T. praecox, T. samala, T. tarvisina, T. unicaudata, T. yaeyamensis. New epithets are proposed for Apiorhynchostoma apiosporum and Podospora dacryoidea.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document