scholarly journals Short- and long-term hydrologic controls on smouldering fire in wetland soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan L. Schulte ◽  
Daniel L. McLaughlin ◽  
Frederic C. Wurster ◽  
J. Morgan Varner ◽  
Ryan D. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Wetland Soils ◽  
Hydrologic Restoration ◽  
Great Dismal Swamp ◽  
Hydrologic Controls ◽  
Hydrologic Management

Smouldering fire vulnerability in organic-rich, wetland soils is regulated by hydrologic regimes over short (by antecedent wetness) and long (through influences on soil properties) timescales. An integrative understanding of these controls is needed to inform fire predictions and hydrologic management to reduce fire vulnerability. The Great Dismal Swamp, a drained peatland (Virginia and North Carolina, USA), recently experienced large wildfires, motivating hydrologic restoration efforts. To inform those efforts, we combined continuous water levels, soil properties, moisture holding capacity and smouldering probability at four sites along a hydrologic gradient. For each site, we estimated gravimetric soil moisture content associated with a 50% smouldering probability (soil moisture smoulder threshold) and the water tension required to create this moisture threshold (tension smoulder threshold). Soil properties influenced both thresholds. Soils with lower bulk density smouldered at higher moisture content but also had higher moisture holding capacity, indicating that higher tensions (e.g. deeper water tables) are required to reach smouldering thresholds. By combining thresholds with water level data, we assessed smouldering vulnerability over time, providing a framework to guide fire prediction and hydrologic restoration. This work is among the first to integrate soil moisture thresholds, moisture holding capacities and water level dynamics to explore spatiotemporal variation in smouldering fire vulnerability.

scholarly journals Changes in Some Soil Properties and Available P Under Phosphorus Integrated management of Sunflower Plant (Helianthus annuus L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 337-351
Author(s):  
Mohammed J. Mustafa ◽  
Mohammed A. Abdulkareem
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Available P

Field experiment was conducted in Mohajaran region, Abu-Al-Khaseeb district, Basrah province during the growing season 2018. The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of integration of chemical fertilizer (triple superphosphate) with manure (cattle residue) and/ or biofertilizer (Aspergillus niger) on some soil properties and phosphorus availability to sunflower during growing season. Samples were collected at seedling, vegetative growth, flowering and post-harvest stage. pH, EC, moisture content and available P were determined. Results showed that application of chemical fertilizer significantly affected soil pH, EC, and available P, but showed no effect on soil moisture content. Soil pH decreased and EC increased at seedling stage, while EC was decreased at harvest. Available P values were increased at all growing stages. Incorporation of manure at rate of 30 Mg ha-1 considerably decreased the soil pH and increased EC at seedling stage, soil moisture, and available P at all growing stages.. Inoculation the seeds with A. niger showed no significant effect on  soil pH, EC, and soil moisture but significantly increased available P, at vegetative growth and flowing stages . Results  showed that the effect of biofertilizer on available P was in bar with the application of manure at rate of 15 Mg ha-1 .Highest  value of available P was associated with combination of 120 Kg P ha-1 + 30 Mg ha-1 + inoculation with fungus.

scholarly journals Semi-Arid Region Soil Moisture Prediction using Multivariate Regression

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 12457-12460
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

The Water Scarcity is a prominent feature in Arid and Semi-Arid region. Soil moisture content is significant factor in deciding vegetation growth and also affects the performance of any water harvesting system in place. This paper evaluates the interrelationship of Soil properties with Soil Moisture content. The study covers about 13 soil Samples from Single Watershed. The soil properties covered in the study are Conductivity, pH, Bulk Density, Dry Density, Specific gravity, organic content, void ratio, and Moisture Content. Multiple linear regression analysis was done to determine significance of each soil properties for soil moisture content as individual and as whole. Modelling was done based on soil characteristics to predict Soil Moisture. Principal Component Analysis was performed to identify most significant soil properties responsible for variation of prediction of Soil Moisture content. The Correlation between location topography and Moisture Content was obtained through Cluster Analysis.

scholarly journals Effect of tillage intensity, fertilizer and manure on root mass density, soil properties and their correlation on rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-535
Author(s):  
MM Sarker ◽  
MA Matin ◽  
MG Hossain ◽  
MMR Sarker ◽  
MS Huda
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Root Mass

An experiment was carried out at the Bangladesh Agricultural University Farm, Mymensingh during the Aman season of 2008 to study the effect of tillage intensity, fertilizer and manure on the root mass density soil properties and their correlation on rice yield (BRRI dhan 41). The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The treatments were three tillage operations as factor A: one passing (P1), two passing (P2), and three passing (P3) of a power tiller and four fertilizer and manure treatments as factor B: recommended dose of fertilizers (FM0), 50% of N plus rest of recommended dose of fertilizers + cowdung @ 5 t/ha (FM1), 50% of N plus rest of recommended dose of fertilizers + rice straw @ 5 t/ha (FM2) and 50% of N plus rest of recommended dose of fertilizer + cowdung @ 2.5 t/ha plus rice straw @ 2.5 t/ha (FM3). The highest and the lowest bulk densities were found in P1FM0 and P3FM treatments, respectively. The maximum soil moisture content and air filled porosity were obtained in P3FM1 treatment, whereas PM1FM0 demonstrated the lowest soil moisture content. The maximum (8.09 mg cm-3) and minimum (1.63 mg cm-3) root mass densities were observed in P3 (10 cm depth) and P1 (10-20 cm depth) treatments, respectively. The highest grain yield was recorded in P3FM0 treatment. Root mass density was positively correlated with soil moisture content and grain yield, but negatively with bulk density. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(3): 529-535, September 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i3.12129

scholarly journals Effect of tillage practices at different levels of soil moisture on some soil properties and maize productivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Abdel-Aal M. H.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Moisture Contents

A field experiment was carried out during the early summer seasons of 2018, at Agricultural Research Centre (ARC) Giza, Egypt. This study aims to examine the effect of three tillage treatments under three different moisture contents on some soil properties and on maize crop production. The experiments included three moisture contents of (MC1, 27.2 %), (MC2, 15.4 %) and (MC3, 7.2 %); as well as three tillage treatments, no-tillage control (NT), minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT). The experimental was laid out in split-split plot design with four replications. The results showed that, there was significant effect of tillage at different moisture levels on soil physical and chemical properties. It was also indicated that the effect of tillage practices was significantly on soil bulk density, total porosity, hydraulic conductivity and moisture constants, where the conventional tillage at soil moisture level 15.4% (MC2) helped in improving soil bulk density, hydraulic conductivity and total porosity. Soil organic C, cations exchange capacity CEC, available N, P and K were improved in the soil surface layer of NT and decreased with depth. Clod mean weight diameter of soil was improved with 15.4-% of soil moisture content regardless of tillage depth and enhanced root proliferation by increasing density roots compared with minimum and no tillage in maize plant. The grain yields of maize were improving more under conventional tillage at moisture content 15.4% compared with other treatments. It was found that plant height and roots value increased by using conventional tillage compared with other tillage treatments.

scholarly journals Detecting Soil Moisture Content using Self Balancing Rover

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S4) ◽  
pp. 157-159
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Robotic System ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Automatic Balancing ◽  
Modern Era

The depleting health of the soil is because of the depreciating water level continuously and is now the major concern in this modern era. This paper focuses on determining the soil moisture content in the soil by the means of help of an automatic balancing robotic system. The main objective of this paper is to develop a robotic system which moves through uneven land without tumbling or rolling over, can be easily controlled or maneuvered through rough land patches and even records data simultaneously to detect the moisture content of the soil at a particular place. The setup is such that the rover is moved through fields and then at a certain interval of time it inserts sensor electrodes in the soil and provides with the precisely accurate readings. This method will be useful for irrigation purposes. As, the farmer can focus more on that part of land and irrigating that patch which has low level of moisture content. The aim of the paper is to determine that this method can decrease the use of water for irrigation purposes.

scholarly journals Computer-aided estimates of drainage charges - a Dutch case study.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-287
Author(s):  
S.W. Bie ◽  
A.F. van Holst ◽  
J.N.M. Stricker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Water Board ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Regional Water

When regional water management is regulated centrally on a cooperative basis, methods must be developed whereby drainage charges can be estimated from agreed and objective data. Reported here is a method to compute and map, from data on altitude, the supposed open water level after a given discharge and soil characteristics for available moisture, the charges to be levied. Independent 'maps' are compiled for each of the three attributes by computer mapping techniques. The area is split into a large number of small cells (here 12.5 m X 15.5 m), for each of which the altitude is estimated by interpolation from known spot heights. For the same cells the supposed open water levels are approximated by interpolation from a number of calculated water levels in streams and ditches. Known watershed divides are introduced as barriers to interpolation. Four soil moisture classes are generated. The three 'maps' provide for each cell the basic data required by an allocation algorithm which evaluates the value for altitude, water level and soil moisture class. For each cell the appropriate drainage charge class was determined. A payment class map is generated by the allocation and can be printed on the computer lineprinter, each class being given a distinguishing printing symbol. The method is demonstrated for a 210-ha test area under the jurisdiction of the Regional Water Board Salland. Further extension to include a cadastral map to allow automated invoicing procedures are discussed. The system is implemented on a CDC Cyber 72 computer and uses SYMAP (Harvard University, USA) as one module. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Investigating the effectiveness of drain infiltration to minimize peat oxidation in agricultural fields in Flevoland, the Netherlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 747-753
Author(s):  
Frouke Hoogland ◽  
Arjen S. Roelandse ◽  
Beatriz de La Loma González ◽  
Maarten J. Waterloo ◽  
Perry W. Mooij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Sand Layer ◽  
Peat Layer ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the Province of Flevoland, the Netherlands, land subsidence poses a problem to agriculture and water management. The peat layers in the soil are susceptible to compression and oxidation causing further subsidence. Applying subirrigation through the tile drain system to maintain saturation of the peat may be a measure to slow down subsidence. A study was therefore carried out at two sites, Nagele and Zeewolde, to assess the impact of subirrigation in the peat on the seasonal variation in soil moisture content, and corresponding redox conditions. Bacterial community analysis was carried out to verify the hydrochemical observations. Subirrigation proved to be an efficient measure to maintain a high water level in the peat soil as long as the permeability in the upper part of the peat was sufficient to allow transmission of water into the inter-drain area and when the peat layer extended enough below the minimum regional water level to prevent drainage to the sand layer underneath. The peat showed dual porosity and water levels could well be maintained by subirrigation at the Nagele site. At the Zeewolde site, the variability in the thin peat layer allowed drainage to occur in the sand layer, preventing subirrigation to maintain high water levels. However, at both sites the peat layer remained close to saturation throughout the summer, which may be caused by the fine-grained mineral layer isolating the peat from water extraction via evapotranspiration. Nitrate concentrations of up to 100 mg L−1 were observed were high (>50 mg L−1) in the oxic mineral top layer but were low in the peat (0.3 mg L−1) at both Nagele and Zeewolde sites. Sulphate concentrations also showed a decrease with depth in the peat at Nagele, indicating a transition from sub-oxic above 1.5 m depth to anoxic conditions at 3.5 m depth. The hydrochemical observations in the soil moisture in the peat at Nagele confirmed that conditions were sub-oxic in the upper part of the peat (0.7 m below soil surface) to anoxic at greater depth (3.5 m). Soil microbe analyses showed few nitrification bacteria in the peat, whereas communities specialised in denitrification and ammonification were present, as well as sulphate reducing bacteria and methanogenic species. This confirmed the sub-oxic to anoxic conditions in the peat deduced from the hydrochemical observations. At Zeewolde, conditions remained sub-oxic throughout the profile.

AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL MONITORING WITH IOT AND LPWAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Krum Videnov ◽  
Vanya Stoykova
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Level Monitoring ◽  
Water Level Monitoring

Monitoring water levels of lakes, streams, rivers and other water basins is of essential importance and is a popular measurement for a number of different industries and organisations. Remote water level monitoring helps to provide an early warning feature by sending advance alerts when the water level is increased (reaches a certain threshold). The purpose of this report is to present an affordable solution for measuring water levels in water sources using IoT and LPWAN. The assembled system enables recording of water level fluctuations in real time and storing the collected data on a remote database through LoRaWAN for further processing and analysis.

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