scholarly journals Frequency and causes of kangaroo - vehicle collisions on an Australian outback highway

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Klöcker ◽  
David B. Croft ◽  
Daniel Ramp
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Road Mortality ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Road Kill ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

Kangaroo–vehicle collisions are frequent on Australian highways. Despite high economic costs, detrimental effects on animal welfare, and potential impacts on population viability, little research has been done to investigate the impact of road mortality on kangaroo populations, where and why accidents occur, and how the collisions can be mitigated. We therefore collected data on species (Macropus rufus, M. giganteus, M. fuliginosus, M. robustus), sex and age of kangaroos killed on a 21.2-km bitumenised section of outback highway over 6 months in far western New South Wales, Australia. The spatial and temporal distribution of road-killed kangaroos was investigated in relation to the cover and quality of road-side vegetation, road characteristics, the density of kangaroos along the road, climatic variables and traffic volume. A total of 125 kangaroos were found killed on the road at a rate of 0.03 deaths km–1 day–1. Grey kangaroos of two species (M. giganteus, M. fuliginosus) were under-represented in the road-kill sample in comparison with their proportion in the source population estimated during the day. No bias towards either sex was found. The age structure of road-killed kangaroos was similar to age structures typical of source kangaroo populations. Road-kills mainly occurred in open plains country. In road sections with curves or stock races, road-kill frequencies were higher than expected. Greater cover and greenness of roadside vegetation at the verge probably attracted kangaroos to the road and variation in this vegetation affected the spatial distribution of road-kills. The temporal distribution of road-kills was positively correlated with the volume of night-time traffic. The probability of a kangaroo–vehicle collision increased exponentially with traffic volume. Results are discussed in relation to the potential for mitigation of kangaroo–vehicle collisions.

Spatiotemporal patterns of wildlife road mortality in the Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan

Mammalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faraz Akrim ◽  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Shaista Andleeb ◽  
Riaz Hussain ◽  
Wendy Jane Collinson
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Road Mortality ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Road Kill ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Diurnal Species ◽  
Small Indian Mongoose

Abstract The current study investigated the impact of roads on native wildlife fauna in Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan. By conducting driven transects over a period of 24 months (March 2012–February 2014), we identified 131 carcasses resulting from wildlife-vehicle collisions or “road kill”, comprising 18 vertebrate species from seven different orders. The Asiatic jackal (Canis aureus; Linnaeus, 1758) was the most common road kill (37.4%), followed by the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctatus; Hodgson, 1836; 9.9%) and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes; Linnaeus, 1758; 8.4%). Road kill incidences included both nocturnal (55.6%) and diurnal species (44.5%). The maximum number of road kills were encountered in the Rawalpindi district area (46.6%), followed by Chakwal (36.6%), Jhelum (8.4%) and Attock (8.4%). The majority of road kills occurred on paved roads (93.9%; 0.009 road kill/km) with significantly fewer occurrences on unpaved roads (6.1%; 0.004 road kill/km). Similarly, 77% (0.009/km) of the road kills were found adjacent to protected areas. The majority of road kills (33%) occurred during the spring (February–April) but less in summer (May–July) and winter (November–January) (19.8% for both). The study provides important data on road mortality of wildlife species in the region bordering protected areas in the Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan, to initiate management and conservation strategies.

scholarly journals Daytime driving decreases amphibian roadkill

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyan Zhang ◽  
Guocheng Shu ◽  
Yulong Li ◽  
Shan Xiong ◽  
Chunping Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Road Mortality ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Roadkill has gradually become a common factor that has contributed to the decline of amphibians, and traffic volume is an important parameter that can be used to determine the impacts of roads. However, few researchers have studied the effects of either daily or nightly traffic volume on amphibian roadkill in China. Hence, as an essential step for implementing mitigation measures, we conducted 77 road surveys along 10 km of road in the Wanglang National Nature Reserve (NNR) to determine the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of amphibian road mortality. In total, 298 dead individuals (Bufo andrewsi and Rana chensinensis) were observed on the road from April to October in 2017 and during June and August in 2015 and 2016. B. andrewsi had the highest number of records (85.2%) and was more vulnerable to road mortality than R. chensinensis. Amphibian fatalities mainly occurred during the breeding season in April, but there was an additional concentration of B. andrewsi roadkill in June and July. There was a significantly positive correlation between amphibian road mortality and mean night-time traffic volume. Roadkill hotspots were non-randomly distributed throughout the study area and were mainly concentrated in the road sections near the breeding pools. Therefore, to effectively mitigate the effects of road mortality in the Wanglang NNR, measures should be implemented both during hot moments and at hotspots. First, based on roadkill hot moments, during the breeding season (in April) and in June and July, the Wanglang NNR should establish temporary traffic restraints at night. Second, based on roadkill hotspots, culverts should be established in areas near breeding pools adjacent to roads, and barrier walls should be installed to guide amphibians into the culverts.

scholarly journals Extracting Road Traffic Volume in the City before and during covid-19 through Video Remote Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2329
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Macioszek ◽  
Agata Kurek
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Annual Average Daily Traffic ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Continuous, automatic measurements of road traffic volume allow the obtaining of information on daily, weekly or seasonal fluctuations in road traffic volume. They are the basis for calculating the annual average daily traffic volume, obtaining information about the relevant traffic volume, or calculating indicators for converting traffic volume from short-term measurements to average daily traffic volume. The covid-19 pandemic has contributed to extensive social and economic anomalies worldwide. In addition to the health consequences, the impact on travel behavior on the transport network was also sudden, extensive, and unpredictable. Changes in the transport behavior resulted in different values of traffic volume on the road and street network than before. The article presents road traffic volume analysis in the city before and during the restrictions related to covid-19. Selected traffic characteristics were compared for 2019 and 2020. This analysis made it possible to characterize the daily, weekly and annual variability of traffic volume in 2019 and 2020. Moreover, the article attempts to estimate daily traffic patterns at particular stages of the pandemic. These types of patterns were also constructed for the weeks in 2019 corresponding to these stages of the pandemic. Daily traffic volume distributions in 2020 were compared with the corresponding ones in 2019. The obtained results may be useful in terms of planning operational and strategic activities in the field of traffic management in the city and management in subsequent stages of a pandemic or subsequent pandemics.

EVALUASI KINERJA JALAN NASIONAL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK LALU LINTAS PADA RUAS JALAN NASIONAL KOTA PALEMBANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sartika Nisumanti ◽  
Evina Krisna
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Capacity ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>The roads</em><em> </em><em>transportation is an </em><em>important infrastructure as one of the land transportation infrastructures for the movement of social activities and to support economic development, specifically in Palembang City. </em><em>The population growth of Palembang City has resulted in an increase in the number of vehicles and highway users. As a result</em><em>, transportation activities in Palembang, especially at Parameswara </em><em>roads are increasing. </em><em>The impact of this, there will be heavy traffic volume, resulting in conflicts on the road, which lead to traffic accidents. </em><em>Therefore</em><em>, there will be congestion and a decrease in the performance of the road speed.</em></p><p><em>The research is conducted at Parameswara Road in Palembang that visually diminished the ability to accommodate the road traffic volume per day, accordingly the effect of traffic that occurs due to the lack of road capacity as the sequence of large volume traffic. The purpose of this study is to determine the capacity and level of road services to carried out the performance value on this road. The method used in the analysis is the Greenshield model, Greenberg, and Underwood. This study explains the maximum volume at peak hour that develop on Monday is between 1561 smp/hour and 1549 smp/hour. Whereas the lowest is around 1225 smp/hour and 1008 smp/hour that occurs on Sunday. Therefore, the analysis of service level on the research years at Parameswara Road depicts the saturated traffic conditions and low starting speed with D service index category and service level analysis at 10 years of planning time projections, the lpda result is from 2022 to 2026, The Parameswara road conditions at E and F service index categories are the traffic jam circumstances and slight speed. Hence, it necessitates constructing a non-plot way at Parameswara Road intersection to tackle this traffic congestion.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>:<strong> </strong></em><em>Greenshield, Greenberg, Underwood</em>, <em>Road Capacity</em><em>.</em></p>

The formula commonly used to calculate velocity change in vehicle collisions

1998 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Smith
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Velocity Change ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Deformation Law ◽  
Impulsive Forces ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Impact

A vehicle's velocity change in a crash, Δ v, is helpful in the scientific investigation of road traffic accidents. This note discusses the formula commonly used to calculate Δ v. A new derivation of this formula for planar motion is given here. The derivation is based upon the conservation laws and leads to an extension of the existing formula. It is not necessary to assume any deformation law for the vehicles in order to obtain the results. The new derivation clarifies the conditions under which the commonly used formula is valid. It shows that the masses and yaw moments of inertia of the vehicles must not be significantly changed by the collision. Further, tyre and other forces must be negligible when compared with the impulsive forces generated by the impact. Finally, there is a condition on the components of the velocities at the point where the resultant impulses act. The analysis shows that the commonly used formula neglects restitution effects and so tends to underestimate the actual velocity change. In fact, restitution effects are important for low-speed impacts. Impact speed calculated from the commonly used formula is not as accurate as speeds obtained by other methods. Nevertheless, in the absence of any marks on the road, such calculations may be the only way of scientifically estimating a vehicle's speed.

Kangaroo-vehicle collisions in Australia's sheep rangelands, during and following drought periods.

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Lee ◽  
U Klöcker ◽  
DB Croft ◽  
D Ramp
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Arid Zone Research ◽  
Surrounding Areas

The effects of roads on wildlife behaviour and ecological function are poorly known in arid Australia. The most obvious impact is roadkill from wildlife-vehicle collisions. Therefore we collected statistics on kangaroo-vehicle collisions, investigated the causal factors of these collisions, and related roadkill mortality to the population structure, size and distribution of four kangaroo species in two intensive six month studies during and following drought. The research was conducted along a 21.2 km sealed section of the Silver City Highway between Broken Hill and Tibooburra that passes through the University of New South Wales (NSW) Arid Zone Research Station at ‘Fowlers Gap’ in north-western NSW. The rate of roadkill was higher during drought (20.8 roadkills month-1) than non-drought (2.6 roadkills month-1). Affected species were red kangaroos (Macropus rufus), euros (Macropus robustus erubescens), western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus) and eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus). During drought, M. fuliginosus and M. giganteus were killed in lower proportions than their proportion in the source population, otherwise species were killed in proportion to their density along the road. There were no sex biases but male M. r. erubescens were much more likely to be beside the road than females and thus were killed more often during drought. The majority of roadkills were young individuals around 2 years old. Curves and stockraces along the road significantly increased the likelihood of roadkills. Likewise the frequency of roadkills was a function of the kangaroo population density along the road, night time traffic volume, low rainfall and higher vegetation cover and greenness along the road relative to surrounding areas. We evaluate the relationships between these causal factors and kangaroovehicle collisions, and discuss the possible effects of these collisions on kangaroo population structure under drought and post-drought conditions.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PITSUNDSKAYA PINE IN THE SEASIDE AREA OF GELENDZHIK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Derevenets ◽  
Elizaveta Derevenets
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Road ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Gelendzhik is the resort town, there aren't a lot of industrial enterprises here. The main pollutant is transport. The work purpose is the assessment of a condition of the artificial landings of a pine located along the Federal highway "Don" and landings, which is nearly the sea coast. Researches were conducted to a standard technique of the General vital state (A. S. Bogolyubov). The assessment of a condition of pines was carried out during 6 years: from 2010 to 2015. For carrying out research we used 6 experimental grounds on the Markotkhsky spine and 2 control grounds within the town. We investigated 24 trees on each platform, middle age of the trees were 30 - 40 years. Results. 1. The condition of trees in the pine forests located in immediate proximity with the Federal highway "Don" (No. 1, 2, 3) is unsatisfactory. As even weak influences of the majority of atmospheric gaseous pollutants (sulphurous gas, nitrogen oxides, etc.) give effect of a necrosis and hloroz of pine needles, the condition of pines is connected with technogenic pollution. So near the Federal highway "Don" the air environment is strongly polluted by exhaust gases. Information of 2012 confirm that negative influence of the route on Markotkh's vegetation decreases at reduction of load of the route. 2. On the sites located above on a slope (No. 4,5,6) thanks to remoteness and the wind mode intensity of influence of pollutants is lower and a condition of pines the quite satisfactory. 3. Trees on the sites located near the sea (No. 7,8) are in a good shape. Small deterioration of a state is noted in very droughty years. Conclusion. Results of six years' research show that the condition of the plantings which are in close proximity with the road worsens. It is explained by increase in intensity of the movement on the road, especially during a resort season. Gelendzhik is the city with a good ecological shape, but the damage to environment is already caused. If not to take measures, we can lose a unique part of the nature in the future, recreate it will be impossible. Measures of reduction of negative impact of exhaust gases were offered. Results of researches are transferred to ecological department of the City administration of Gelendzhik.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PITSUNDSKAYA PINE IN THE SEASIDE AREA OF GELENDZHIK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Derevenets ◽  
Elizaveta Derevenets
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Road ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Gelendzhik is the resort town, there aren't a lot of industrial enterprises here. The main pollutant is transport. The work purpose is the assessment of a condition of the artificial landings of a pine located along the Federal highway "Don" and landings, which is nearly the sea coast. Researches were conducted to a standard technique of the General vital state (A. S. Bogolyubov). The assessment of a condition of pines was carried out during 6 years: from 2010 to 2015. For carrying out research we used 6 experimental grounds on the Markotkhsky spine and 2 control grounds within the town. We investigated 24 trees on each platform, middle age of the trees were 30 - 40 years. Results. 1. The condition of trees in the pine forests located in immediate proximity with the Federal highway "Don" (No. 1, 2, 3) is unsatisfactory. As even weak influences of the majority of atmospheric gaseous pollutants (sulphurous gas, nitrogen oxides, etc.) give effect of a necrosis and hloroz of pine needles, the condition of pines is connected with technogenic pollution. So near the Federal highway "Don" the air environment is strongly polluted by exhaust gases. Information of 2012 confirm that negative influence of the route on Markotkh's vegetation decreases at reduction of load of the route. 2. On the sites located above on a slope (No. 4,5,6) thanks to remoteness and the wind mode intensity of influence of pollutants is lower and a condition of pines the quite satisfactory. 3. Trees on the sites located near the sea (No. 7,8) are in a good shape. Small deterioration of a state is noted in very droughty years. Conclusion. Results of six years' research show that the condition of the plantings which are in close proximity with the road worsens. It is explained by increase in intensity of the movement on the road, especially during a resort season. Gelendzhik is the city with a good ecological shape, but the damage to environment is already caused. If not to take measures, we can lose a unique part of the nature in the future, recreate it will be impossible. Measures of reduction of negative impact of exhaust gases were offered. Results of researches are transferred to ecological department of the City administration of Gelendzhik.

scholarly journals Green Deal as a Climate Changes Dam on the Road to Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Jevtic ◽  
C Bouland
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Road ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Public health professionals (PHP) have a dual task in climate change. They should persuade their colleagues in clinical medicine of the importance of all the issues covered by the GD. The fact that the health sector contributes to the overall emissions of 4.4% speaks to the lack of awareness within the health sector itself. The issue of providing adequate infrastructure for the health sector is essential. Strengthening the opportunities and development of the circular economy within healthcare is more than just a current issue. The second task of PHP is targeting the broader population. The public health mission is being implemented, inter alia, through numerous activities related to environmental monitoring and assessment of the impact on health. GD should be a roadmap for priorities and actions in public health, bearing in mind: an ambitious goal of climate neutrality, an insistence on clean, affordable and safe energy, a strategy for a clean and circular economy. GD provides a framework for the development of sustainable and smart transport, the development of green agriculture and policies from field to table. It also insists on biodiversity conservation and protection actions. The pursuit of zero pollution and an environment free of toxic chemicals, as well as incorporating sustainability into all policies, is also an indispensable part of GD. GD represents a leadership step in the global framework towards a healthier future and comprises all the non-EU members as well. The public health sector should consider the GD as an argument for achieving goals at national levels, and align national public health policies with the goals of this document. There is a need for stronger advocacy of health and public-health interests along with incorporating sustainability into all policies. Achieving goals requires the education process for healthcare professionals covering all of topics of climate change, energy and air pollution to a much greater extent than before.

scholarly journals The implications of vehicle collisions for the Endangered endemic Zanzibar red colobus Piliocolobus kirkii

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Harry Olgun ◽  
Mzee Khamis Mohammed ◽  
Abbas Juma Mzee ◽  
M. E. Landry Green ◽  
Tim R. B. Davenport ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Ecology ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Red Colobus ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
Natural Predation ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Roads affect wildlife in a variety of negative ways. Road ecology studies have mostly concentrated on areas in the northern hemisphere despite the potentially greater impact of roads on biodiversity in tropical habitats. Here, we examine 4 years (January 2016–December 2019) of opportunistic observations of mammalian roadkill along a road intersecting Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park, Unguja, Zanzibar. In particular, we assess the impact of collisions on the population of an endemic primate, the Endangered Zanzibar red colobus Piliocolobus kirkii. Primates accounted for the majority of roadkill in this dataset. Monthly rainfall was not associated with roadkill frequency for mammals generally, nor for the Zanzibar red colobus. No single age–sex class of colobus was found dead more often than expected given their occurrence in the local population. The overall effect of roadkill on colobus populations in habitats fragmented by roads is unknown given the lack of accurate, long-term life history data for this species. Our findings suggest that mortality from collisions with vehicles in some groups of colobus is within the range of mortality rates other primates experience under natural predation. Unlike natural predators, however, vehicles do not kill selectively, so their impact on populations may differ. Although a comparison with historical accounts suggests that the installation of speedbumps along the road near the Park's entrance has led to a significant decrease in colobus roadkill, further actions to mitigate the impact of the road could bring substantial conservation benefits.

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