scholarly journals A framework to diagnose factors influencing proenvironmental behaviors in water-sensitive urban design

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (33) ◽  
pp. E7690-E7699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacki Schirmer ◽  
Fiona Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Human Behaviors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Water Sensitive Urban Design ◽  
Improve Water Quality

The ongoing challenge of maintaining and improving the quality of water that leaves urban stormwater systems is often addressed using technical rather than social solutions. The need for investment in often expensive water infrastructure can be reduced through better investing in promoting human behaviors that protect water quality as part of water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) initiatives. Successfully achieving this requires understanding factors that influence adoption of proenvironmental behaviors. We review past studies examining this topic and identify that factors influencing adoption of proenvironmental behaviors relevant to WSUD commonly fall into four domains: proenvironmental values and norms, awareness and knowledge of environmental problems and the actions that can address them, proximity and place-based identity, and life-stage and lifestyle factors. We propose the VAIL (values, awareness, identify, lifestyle) framework, based on these four domains and able to be contextualized to specific water-quality problems and individual communities, to assist in diagnosing factors influencing adoption of proenvironmental behaviors. We demonstrate the applicability of the framework in a case study examining adoption of gardening practices that support water quality in Canberra, Australia. We developed 22 locally relevant VAIL indicators and surveyed 3,334 residents to understand engagement in four water-friendly gardening behaviors that help improve water quality in local lakes. In regression modeling, the indicators explained a significant amount of variance in these behaviors and suggested avenues for supporting greater adoption of these behaviors. Predictor variables across all four VAIL domains were significant, highlighting the importance of a multidomain framework.

Modeling of eutrophication and strategies for improvement of water quality in reservoirs

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1376-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Shourian ◽  
Ali Moridi ◽  
Mohammad Kaveh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Thermal Stratification ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
The State ◽  
Nitrogen Loads ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Pollution Loads

The purpose of this study is to survey the thermal regime and eutrophication states in Ilam reservoir in Iran as the case study. For this purpose and to find solutions for improving the water's quality in the reservoir, two general strategies for reducing the entering pollution loads and water depletions from the reservoir's outlets were analyzed by use of the CE-QUAL-W2 model. Results of the simulation of the present situation show the existence of thermal stratification during summer, which results in the qualitative stratification in the reservoir. According to the qualitative criteria, the Ilam reservoir's state is between mesotrophic and eutrophic. Results of the scenarios of reduction of the nutrients show that in the scenario of 50% reduction of the phosphorus and nitrogen loads into the reservoir, the state of the reservoir would recover from eutrophic to semi-eutrophic. Also, release of water from the reservoir during September, October and November would cause the restoration of the quality of water in the reservoir. To avoid the occurrence of critical eutrophication in the reservoir, reducing the ponding time in the reservoir by fast depletion, preventing entrance of the upstream villages' sewage and agricultural drained waters, which are sources of nitrate and phosphate contamination into the rivers, and also management of the usage of agricultural fertilizers have been suggested.

scholarly journals Water Management of River Beaches—A Portuguese Case Study

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Maria Oliveira ◽  
Margarida Antunes ◽  
Ana Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
The Town

The quality of water is crucial for the qualification of river beaches. The Cávado River watershed (Northern Portugal) contains five river beaches with a regular and specific mandatory monitorization. The main subject of this research is the evaluation of spatial and temporal water microbiological and physicochemical parameters to assess the water quality improvement and consequently watershed management. The results of monitoring surface water, considering microbiological parameters from the five river beaches (2015/19), and physicochemical parameters from three water points along the Cávado River (2018/19) were considered. The river beaches located upstream of the town of Braga has an “excellent” and “good” quality, while the river beach located downstream shows a lower water quality. The physicochemical water results indicated that there is a progressive degradation of water quality from upstream to downstream of the river, which is associated with the influence of domestic and industrial activities. To improve water quality, continuous monitoring will be necessary, with the implementation of adequate awareness-raising programs and strategic water quality management by the population and local agents.

scholarly journals INTEGRATED EVALUATION MODEL FOR SURFACE WATER QUALITY A CASE STUDY IN HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4B) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Thu Thi Minh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Radiation Characteristics ◽  
Effective Evaluation ◽  
Quality Of Water

The quality of water is a measure of a number of characteristics that impact on its condition.  Parameters affecting the water quality are classified as having chemical, physical, biological and radiation characteristics.  However there is uncertainty as to whether or not a water sample meets set standards in quality if two or more parameters need to be considered.  Therefore, this study is to develop an effective evaluation model, adopting fuzzy logic, to assess the quality of water.  Using a case study in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, a model has been developed and applied the collected surface water monitoring data in 2015.  The results obtained from this model are then compared to the results gained from Vietnam national water quality index established in 2011.

Penambahan Konsentrasi Molase Berbeda Untuk Perbaikan Kualitas Air dan Produksi Udang Vaname (Litopeneus vannamei) (Boone 1931)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Andri Hendriana ◽  
Wiyoto ◽  
Wida Lesmanawati
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Improve Production ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Feed Control ◽  
Improve Water Quality

ABSTRACTThe research was conducted to determine the most optimal concentration of molasses in maintaining the quality of water and increasing the production performance of vannamei shrimp. The study used 4 different molasses concentration treatments with 4 replications, consisted of (A) 50% molasses concentration of the total feed, (B) 100% of the total feed, (C) 150% of the total feed, and (K) 0% of the total feed (control). Molasses was given every day for 40 days by mixing it directly into the test shrimp’s rearing media (PL 12). Throughout the rearing, the treatment of various concentrations of molasses did not affect temperature, DO, pH and water salinity parameters, but had a tendency to improve water quality by reducing TAN and nitrite values. Molasses can also significantly improve production performance. The best concentration of molasses is 150% of the total feed (treatment C), which resulted in a biomass weight of 293.05 ± 5.57 g with an LPS value of 6,08 ± 0,03%/day and an FCR of 2,23 ± 0,05. ABSTRAKPenelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi molase yang paling optimal dalam mempertahankan kualitas air pemeliharaan dan meningkatkan kinerja produksi udang vaname. Penelitian terdiri dari 4 perlakuan konsentrasi molase berbeda dengan 4 ulangan yaitu (A) konsentrasi molase 50% dari jumlah jumlah pakan, (B) 100% jumlah pakan, (C) 150% jumlah pakan, dan (K) 0% jumlah pakan (kontrol). Molase diberikan setiap hari selama 40 hari dengan cara dicampurkan langsung ke media pemeliharaan udang uji (PL 12). Perlakuan pemberian molase berbagai konsentrasi tidak mempengaruhi parameter suhu, DO, pH dan salinitas air selama pemeliharaan udang namun memiliki kecenderungan memperbaiki kualitas air dengan menurunkan nilai TAN dan nitrit. Pemberian molase secara nyata mampu meningkatkan kinerja produksi. Pada perlakuan tanpa pemberian molase (Kontrol) dihasilkan bobot biomasa sebesar 149,36±20,36 g dengan nilai LPS sebesar 4,87±0,19 dan FCR sebesar 3,40±0,55.  Konsentrasi molase terbaik yaitu 150% dari jumlah pakan (perlakuan C) menghasilkan bobot biomasa sebesar 293,05±5,57 g dengan nilai LPS sebesar 6,08±0,03% dan FCR sebesar 2,23±0,05. Kata kunci : kinerja produksi, kualitas air, molase, udang vaname Litopeneus vannamei

Impact of climate change on the future quality of surface waters: case study of the Ardak River, northeast of Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Nikakhtar ◽  
Seyedeh Hoda Rahmati ◽  
Ali Reza Massah Bavani
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Monthly Streamflow

Abstract In recent decades, climate change has influenced the quantity and quality of water resources, affecting water supply for various demands. In this case study, the effects of climate change on the quality of the Ardak River in the northeast of Iran are discussed. The Qual2kW model was used to simulate water quality parameters, by sampling dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and NO3. The rainfall-streamflow model IHACRES was used for simulating monthly streamflow. Monthly general circulation model (GCM) temperature and rainfall data from representative concentration pathways (RCP) RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 were downloaded for 1986 to 2005 and 2020 to 2039. The previously verified model LARS-WG was used to predict future temperatures and rainfall. By importing this data into IHACRES, stream flows were simulated, enabling Qual2kW to predict future effects on water quality. Although changes in temperature of 0.5 to 1.2 °C were predicted, maximum changes in temperature and rainfall will occur in winter and summer in series. Therefore, water quality was predicted to decrease only on the Abghad branch, due to increased temperature and lower flow rates. The highest percentage variations in DO and NO3 are −12.19 and 31.25 in RCP8.5 and in COD and PH, −35.4 and 0.29 in RCP2.6.

scholarly journals Applying Interconnected Game Theory to Analyze Transboundary Waters: A Case Study of the Kura–Araks Basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Khachaturyan ◽  
Karina Schoengold
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
International Rivers ◽  
Transboundary Waters ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Poor Water Quality

The Kura–Araks Basin is facing problems with insufficient water availability for all needs and poor water quality, which results in high rates of waterborne diseases. The riparians of the basin struggle with management of water resources within their national borders, as well as internationally, across the basin. With international rivers, interdependency among countries is created, where the upstream country can impact the quantity and quality of water downstream. This study focuses on the upstream–downstream relationship with the Kura River between Azerbaijan and Georgia. The analysis uses a game theoretical framework, which incorporates several issues in the negotiation space. Specifically, water quantity and water quality are analyzed separately and combined into an aggregated isolated game. The analysis compares the aggregated isolated game, where the outcome of each game is negotiated separately, with an interconnected game, where the two games are jointly negotiated. Using realistic parameters, results show that due to the repeated nature of some of the payoffs, cooperation is unlikely to be achievable in each game independently, since at least one country has an incentive to deviate. In contrast, the interconnected game can achieve full cooperation and increase the welfare of both countries.

Landuse – water quality modelling: a case study

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chandra Sekhar ◽  
P. Anand Raj
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Water Quality Modelling ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Pollution Impacts

There can be no doubt that landuse profoundly affects the quality of water in streams, rivers, lakes and shallow aquifers. However, the task of finding specific cause - effect relationships between different landuses and Water Quality (WQ) is one of the most important ecological challenges of out times. At the present time, few tested procedures are available to study the landuse and Non-Point Source (NPS) pollution impacts on WQ. One methodology which offers considerable promise is the use of statistical analysis of landuse and WQ data from selected regions. Facilitating the systematic application of statistical procedures, in the present investigation, regression equations have been developed between landuse and WQ parameters. The results of the study indicated that landuse can account for up to 45% of the observed variation in mean nitrates, 39% of the observed variation in mean phosphates, 58% of the observed variation in mean fluoride concentration, 46% of the observed variation in mean COD concentrations and 72% of the observed variation in mean potassium concentrations.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of the effects of landfills on water quality: a case study of two locations in New Jersey

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Casilda Saavedra
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Inorganic Material ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Town

Leachate is a liquid generated by mixing of water with organic and inorganic material found in landfills. This liquid accumulates at the bottom of the landfill and has the potential to percolate through the soil to enter groundwater or other water bodies. Leachate contains various contaminants and toxins that can significantly diminish the quality of water it enters, which can become hazardous to humans and the environment. In this article, the water quality of two towns: Egg Harbor and Middle Township, New Jersey were analyzed and compared. Egg Harbor Township has a landfill located within the town, while the closest landfill to Middle Township is approximately 10 miles away. Water supply for both towns comes from the same aquifer, known as the Kirkwood-Cohansey water table system. The water quality results from community wells within Egg Harbor Township were compared to those of Middle Township. Water quality data for this study is from New Jersey American Water database. Based on the results, the water quality of Egg Harbor Township varies significantly from Middle Township. The levels of contaminants in Egg Harbor Township are much higher compared to Middle Township. Therefore, it can be concluded that communities near landfills, even well monitored and managed ones, are prone to have poorer water quality than those farther away from the landfill.

Spatial and Temporal variation analysis of water quality of Hemavathi River, Karnataka, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Santhosh K. M ◽  
S. Prashanth
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Pollution Loading ◽  
Origin Point

Urban development, agricultural runoff and industrialization have contributed pollution loading on the environment.  In this study Hemavathi river water from a stretch from its origin point to its sangama was studied for pollution load by determining parameters of water quality like pH, Alkalinity,  Ca, Mg, Nitrate, TDS, BOD, COD , and the results were compared with WHO and BIS standards to draw final conclusion on the quality of water.

Management and Status of Japanese Public Waters

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Goda
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Japanese Rivers ◽  
Per Capita

The management and status of public water bodies in Japan is discussed. The environmental quality standards which have been set and the levels of compliance with these standards are shown. The water quality of Japanese rivers, lakes, reservoirs, wetlands and coastal waters is described, and eutrophication problems are mentioned. The effects of changes in population density and levels of recycling of industrial wastewaters on the quality of water bodies are discussed. Almost 75% of industrial wastewater is now recycled. Per capita availability of freshwater in Japan is comparatively low, and the construction of 530 dams, in addition to the 2393 dams already in operation, is planned. Irrigation effluents from paddy fields are a major factor which influences river water quality in Japan. The improvement of water quality using various methods is discussed.

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