Constructions with get

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Bonnefille
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Real World ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
State Construction

The present article analyzes the copular realization of GET in relation to its lexical transitive, intransitive motion and passive realizations. The change-of-state construction was previously defined by the author as X CHANGES TO Ystate. If COME, GO, TURN… copular realizations were proved to be constrained (Bonnefille, 2001 and 2004; Bonnefille & McMichael, 2001) by X MOVES TO Ylocation (Goldberg, 1995), the search for real-world constraints at work in this construction when used with GET leads us to the conclusion that the copular realization of GET is constrained by the blending of two constructions, i.e. X MOVES TO Ylocation and either X EXPERIENCES Y (with the meaning “receiving an object”) or X ACTS ON Y (with the meaning “obtaining/possessing an object”), depending on the degree of agenthood of X.

ASIF Approach to Solve the Green Traveling Salesman Problem

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Haroun Sabry ◽  
Jamal Benhra ◽  
Abdelkabir Bacha
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Ant Colony Optimization ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Traveling Salesman Problem ◽  
Real World ◽  
Transportation Problem ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Traveling Salesman ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The City

The present article describes a contribution to solve transportation problems with green constraints. The aim is to solve an urban traveling salesman problem where the objective function is the total emitted CO2. We start by adapting ASIF approach for calculating CO2 emissions to the urban logistics problem. Then, we solve it using ant colony optimization metaheuristic. The problem formulation and solving will both work under a web-based mapping platform. The selected problem is a real-world NP-hard transportation problem in the city of Casablanca.

scholarly journals The Greek Perfect through Gothic Eyes: Evidence for the Existence of a Unitary Semantic for the Greek Perfect in New Testament Greek

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Crellin
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Pure State ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Classical Language ◽  
Koine Greek

The semantics of the later Koine Greek perfect have been the subject of considerable debate in recent years. For the immediately post-Classical language Haug (2004) has suggested that the perfect combines resultant state and XN semantics, unifiable under the framework of event realisation (Bohnemeyer & Swift 2004). The present article presents a modified unitary semantic in terms of participant property (Smith 1997), and assesses its validity with reference to the translation of the perfect indicative active into Gothic. It is found that, while non-state verbs are translated only with past-tense forms in Gothic, contrary to traditional and even many modern views of the Greek perfect, the perfect of both pure state and change-of-state verbs are compatible with both past and non-past tense readings. The fact that this is the case regardless of the diachronic pedigree of the perfect forms concerned is taken as evidence consistent with the existence of the proposed unitary semantic for the Greek perfect in the New Testament in the eyes of the Gothic translator.

scholarly journals Authenticity and Teacher’s Role in Project Based Learning

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2 (16)) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Lusine Madoyan
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Real World ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Focus On Form ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Student Collaboration ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Teacher’S Role ◽  
Teacher's Role

Project based learning (PBL) is a student-centered teaching method that involves a dynamic classroom approach in which students gain knowledge and skills to explore and respond to an authentic and engaging problem or challenge. PBL focuses on different real-world subject matters that can sustain the interest of students, require student collaboration and autonomy, and at the same time, accommodate a purposeful and explicit focus on form and other aspects of language. The present article focuses on the teacher’s role in project based learning as well as the importance of authenticity in designing a project.

scholarly journals Research on Discrete Semantics in Continuous Hand Joint Movement Based on Perception and Expression

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3735
Author(s):  
Lesong Jia ◽  
Xiaozhou Zhou ◽  
Hao Qin ◽  
Ruidong Bai ◽  
Liuqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Leap Motion ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Hand Motion ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Motion Primitive ◽  
State Construction ◽  
Gesture Design ◽  
Continuous Movements ◽  
Movement Angle

Continuous movements of the hand contain discrete expressions of meaning, forming a variety of semantic gestures. For example, it is generally considered that the bending of the finger includes three semantic states of bending, half bending, and straightening. However, there is still no research on the number of semantic states that can be conveyed by each movement primitive of the hand, especially the interval of each semantic state and the representative movement angle. To clarify these issues, we conducted experiments of perception and expression. Experiments 1 and 2 focused on perceivable semantic levels and boundaries of different motion primitive units from the perspective of visual semantic perception. Experiment 3 verified and optimized the segmentation results obtained above and further determined the typical motion values of each semantic state. Furthermore, in Experiment 4, the empirical application of the above semantic state segmentation was illustrated by using Leap Motion as an example. We ended up with the discrete gesture semantic expression space both in the real world and Leap Motion Digital World, containing the clearly defined number of semantic states of each hand motion primitive unit and boundaries and typical motion angle values of each state. Construction of this quantitative semantic expression will play a role in guiding and advancing research in the fields of gesture coding, gesture recognition, and gesture design.

scholarly journals Ficar, tornar-se e virar em construções relacionais: variação e/ou mudança construcional?

2018 ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
Bruna Gois Pavão Ferreira ◽  
Márcia Dos Santos Machado Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Central Place ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
State Change ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
State Construction ◽  
Constructionist Approach

Based on constructionist approach of Goldberg (1995, 2003, 2013) and Traugott & Trousdale (2013), this research focuses on the relational construction of state change and the variation/alternation between the verbs ficar, tornar-se e virar (stay, become and turn) in this type of construction in Brazilian Portuguese. The verbal forms that alternate are investigated in the same context (predicative construction of a change of state) and motivations for the variation to occur. The main objective of this research is to identify: (i) constructional verbal patterns of change of state in Brazilian Portuguese based on frequency and in the relations of form and/or meaning by family similarities existing in the instances of use of such verbal forms; (ii) the configuration of the relational construction of state change (in view of state construction formulated in Goldberg, 1995); (iii) the functional differences between the microconstructions with ficar, tornar-se e virar, seeking to analyze how the variation/alternation between such verbs occurs in the construction of change of state. The data were collected in academic articles, journalistic texts and texts accessed in some sites of evaluation or complaint and analyzed according to some parameters, among which: (a) the type of subject and of predicative syntagma; (b) the more permanent/more transient aspect of the construction; (c) the degree of formality of the context in which it was recorded. This paper also evidences the central place of variation in Construction Grammar.

scholarly journals The Chinese Notional Passive Construction under the View of Cognitive Construction Grammar

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-110
Author(s):  
Liulin ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Language ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Special Situation ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Passive Construction ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
State Construction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Cognitive Construction Grammar

The notional passive construction (NPC, henceforth) is claimed to be the most common form of passive and the earliest mode of passive expression in Chinese. However, under the view of cognitive construction grammar, NPC remains a mystery with its form not clearly defined and its function not particularly discussed. Taking a character-based historical approach, this paper studies the form designated by NPC, the ‘theme + verbal’ structure in corpus data. Results show that the ‘theme + verbal’ structure is extremely stable in the history of the Chinese language, denoting change of state. In conjunction with some cross-linguistic findings, a change-of-state construction can thereby be proposed for the form ‘theme + verbal’. Accordingly, the idea of the so-called “notional passive construction” is challenged in the way that it essentially refers to a special situation of the change-of-state construction when the event expressed by the verbal is not likely to occur spontaneously- it is not a construction itself, yet plausibly passive.

scholarly journals The Estonian jääda and Livonian īedõ: expressions of REMAIN and CHANGE in various grammatical constructions

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miina Norvik ◽  
Külli Prillop
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Linguistic Data ◽  
General Change ◽  
Negative Change ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
Stay Behind

The present article studies the usage of the Estonian verb jääda and Livonian īedõ in various grammatical constructions. Although in both languages they can be attested to convey REMAIN and CHANGE, there are differences in their use depending on the construction. Apart from Estonian, the Livonian īedõ is shown to function as a general change-of-state predicate. Whereas previously the Estonian jääda has been associated with negative change and continuation, this study demonstrates that, in more general terms, one could speak about unexpectedness or difference from the majority, and remaining in an activity or state for some time. The linguistic data originates from various corpora, in the case of Livonian also from collections of texts. In order to investigate the historical development, the Old Written Estonian data was also included in the study. We propose that originally the verb expressed ‘remain, stay behind’. The corresponding meaning is present in most of the constructions expressing location; in Old Written Estonian such instances constituted ¾ of all examples.Kokkuvõte. Miina Norvik ja Külli Prillop: Eesti jääda ja liivi īedõ: PÜSIMISE ja MUUTUSE väljendamine erinevates grammatilistes konstruktsioonides. Artiklis analüüsitakse eesti jääda- ja liivi īedõ-verbi kasutust erinevates grammatilistes konstruktsioonides. Kuigi mõlemas keeles on ‘jääda’-verbil nii püsimise kui ka muutuse väljendamise funktsioon, võib konstruktsiooniti täheldada mitmeid erinevusi. Ühtlasi selgub, et liivi īedõ on laia kasutusvaldkonnaga üldise tähendusega muutusverb, mille vaste eesti keeles (lisaks jääda-verbile) võib olla ka saada, minna või tekkida/ilmuda. Kui eesti keeles on verbi jääda varem seostatud ennekõike negatiivse muutuse ning püsimisega, näidatakse siinses artiklis, et veelgi üldisemalt võiks jääda puhul rääkida olukorra erandlikkusest või ootamatusest ning selles püsimisest. Analüüsitav näitematerjal pärineb erinevatest korpustest, liivi keele puhul ka tekstikogumikest. Ajaloolise arengu kohta oletuste tegemiseks on võrdlusmaterjali kogutud ka eesti vana kirjakeele korpusest. Ilmneb, et algselt on tegemist ‘maha jäämist’ tähistanud verbiga – nimetatud tähendus on ennekõike esil kohta väljendavates konstruktsioonides, mis näiteks vanas kirjakeeles moodustasid enamiku kasutusjuhtudest.Võtmesõnad: muutus; püsimine; grammatilised konstruktsioonid; liivi keel; eesti keel; eesti vana kirjakeel

scholarly journals A DYSTOPIAN READING OF THE PRESENT TIME IN DAVID MITCHELL'S NUMBER 9 DREAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Alireza Farahbakhsh ◽  
Soulmaz Kakaee
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Real World ◽  
Possible Worlds ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Real ◽  
Narrative Style ◽  
Critical Engagement ◽  
Genre Criticism ◽  
The Given

With the intention to study the implications and their affinity with and deviation from reality, the present study will analyze Number9Dream (2001) in terms of its narrative style, ontological qualities, and certain conventions which lead to the particular genre of dystopian science fiction. It tends to settle the following questions: are the implications and contributions of categorizing Number9Dream as a dystopian science fiction significant in any way? What is the role and ontological significance of setting in the novel? Narratological approach and genre criticism are applied to the novel to analyze it from the perspective of its critical engagement with dystopia. It traces science fictional elements and then continues to examine their utopian or dystopian nature and the different functions of those elements. It also refers to the connection between the given ontologies and reality. The present article shows that the novel provides a range of multiple possible worlds through two layers of internal and external ontology which are the representations of the real world. Dystopian narrative and science fiction conventions are exploited to address today's world issues. Through a detached view toward the present societies, Mitchell gives the opportunity to criticize what is not otherwise visible. The novel warns about human's isolation, alienation, and dehumanization and calls people to action accordingly. It briefly refers to the reconciliation of past/ present and nature/ science as a solution.

scholarly journals The expression of change-of-state in the Finnic languages

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-195
Author(s):  
Miina Norvik
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
Possessive Constructions ◽  
To Come

AbstractThe present article studies verbs that are used to convey change-of-state in the Finnic languages: “to come”, “to go”, “to remain/stay”, “to get”, “will be”, “to make/do”, and “to be born/give birth”. These are polysemous core verbs, which can be expected to be integrated in constructions with (new) generalized grammatical meaning. As will be shown, in order to convey change-of-state typically they occur in constructions that either mark the goal and the source or leave both unmarked. In addition, change can be associated with experiential, existential, and possessive constructions, which also enable to shed more light on the development of the above-mentioned verbs, including the possible development change-of-state → future. The article demonstrates that each Finnic language uses several verbs from the list presented above, but there are differences in what are the most commonly used ones and in what kind of constructions they occur. In some languages, there is a general change-of-state verb, which also appears as a future copula if there is no competing future copula. In the case of Estonian, Finnish, and Livonian, the results of previous studies on change-of-state predicates were used; for the other Finnic languages, a separate data set was compiled using various collections of texts.

Teaching Realistic Mathematical Modeling in the Elementary School: A Teaching Experiment With Fifth Graders

1997 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-601
Author(s):  
Lieven Verschaffel ◽  
Erik De Corte
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Real World ◽  
Word Problems ◽  
Fifth Graders ◽  
Teaching Experiment ◽  
Classroom Culture ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Transfer Effects

Recent research has convincingly documented elementary school children's tendency to neglect real-world knowledge and realistic considerations during mathematical modeling of word problems in school arithmetic. The present article describes the design and the results of an exploratory teaching experiment carried out to test the hypothesis that it is feasible to develop in pupils a disposition toward (more) realistic mathematical modeling. This goal is achieved by immersing them in a classroom culture in which word problems are conceived as exercises in mathematical modeling, with a focus on the assumptions and the appropriateness of the model underlying any proposed solution. The learning and transfer effects of an experimental class of 10-and 11-year-old pupils—compared to the results in two control classes—provide support for the hypothesis that it is possible to develop in elementary school pupils a disposition toward (more) realistic mathematical modeling.

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