Criconematidae: Criconemoides and Hemicriconemoides species.
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Abstract Criconemoides is an obligate root ectoparasite and feeds on root tips or anywhere along the root. This chapter includes information on: authentic identification; geographical distribution; risk of introduction; host ranges; symptoms; biology and ecology; planting material liable to carry the nematode; chance of establishment; likely impact; phytosanitary measures; and a detailed account of diagnosis procedures, such as sampling, isolation/detection and identification with morphological and molecular characterization of the Criconemoides with Criconemella, Mesoscriconema and Macroposthonia as synonyms.